果蔬膳食纤维代餐粉的研制

以膳食纤维含量大于6%的南瓜粉、香蕉粉、山药粉、柚子皮粉、玉米须粉和百香果中果皮粉为原料,制备一种高膳食纤维代餐粉。以膳食纤维代餐粉的感官评分为指标,在单因素基础上,选取柚子皮粉、玉米须粉和百香果中果皮粉使用量进行Box-Behnken响应面法试验设计,优化其配方。结果表明:果蔬膳食纤维代餐粉的最佳配方为柚子皮粉2.8%、玉米须粉3.9%、百香果中果皮粉2.9%,该条件下制备的果蔬膳食纤维代餐粉有较好的消费者可接受性,同时其膳食纤维含量高达38.60%,能较好地满足消费者对膳食纤维摄入量的需求。     

气相色谱法分析北方水果中膳食纤维的单糖组成

采用糖腈乙酰化衍生GC法分析中国北方地区7种水果(苹果、梨、桃、杏、山楂、草莓和桑椹)膳食纤维(DF)的含量和单糖组成,结果表明这些水果中总膳食纤维(TDF)含量在0.26%(杏)～1.17%(桃)之间,其中水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)占TDF的比例在38.5%(杏)～86.3%(桃)之间。半乳糖醛酸是SDF的主要成分,占33.1%(桑椹)～91.1%(山楂)之间。不溶性膳食纤维中除含有较高比例的半乳糖醛酸(4.5%～46.5%)外,阿拉伯糖(9.4%～37.7%)、半乳糖(8.3%～24.2%)、木糖(8.7%～20.3%)和岩藻糖(8.0%～23.7%)也有相当含量,葡萄糖的比例在0.7%(桃)～15.6%(山楂)之间,甘露糖和鼠李糖的比例在6%以下。不同水果之间DF的单糖组成差异明显。     

四种热带水果中膳食纤维的结构表征及单糖组成和理化性质分析

以菠萝蜜、洋蒲桃、莽吉柿、番荔枝为原料,采用化学结合酶法对其膳食纤维进行制备,并利用扫描电镜、红外光谱和化学分析等方法对制备的上述膳食纤维的结构表征、单糖组成和理化性质进行研究.结果表明:番荔枝中膳食纤维的含量较高,达(74.31±0.07)g/100 g;纤维素、半纤维素、木质素在四种热带水果的膳食纤维中含量存在明显...     

Soluble Dietary Fiber

ABSTRACT: Soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) are present in small quantities in almost each and every commodity and in combination with insoluble dietary fiber contribute towards total dietary fiber. The beneficial properties of SDFs have been associated with their significant role in human physiological function. Reductions in cholesterol level and blood pressure, prevention of gastrointestinal problems, protection against onset of several cancers, which include colorectal, prostate, and breast cancer, increased mineral bioavailability, and many more are the salient features of their potential. Some of the new unexplored soluble fibers are still under investigation for their use in a variety of commercial foodstuffs. This review outlines the various SDFs available, their major sources, and their potential functional role in human health.     

响应面法优化火棘水不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺

以火棘果为原料,采用碱水解法提取膳食纤维,通过单因素试验和响应面分析,探讨碱液质量分数、浸提时间、浸提温度和液料比对火棘水不溶性膳食纤维提取率和纯度的影响,并对提取工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,碱水解法提取火棘膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为碱液质量分数1.00%、浸提时间3.00h、浸提温度77.8℃、液料比17:1(mL/g),在此工艺条件下水不溶性膳食纤维的提取率56.89%、纯度达到92.74%,表明该工艺可行。     

Dietary Fiber in Processed Lentils

Effect of soaking (distilled water, 0.1% citric acid (CA) and 0.07% sodium bicarbonate (SB) solutions), and cooking (distilled water) was studied on dietary fiber components of lentils. A high increase of protopectin, total pectic substances (PS), and dietary fiber (DF) was observed in soaked lentils (dry matter basis). Soaking in CA and in SB solutions led to an appreciable increase of hemicellulose (HMC) and neutral detergent fiber, but not in lentils soaked in water. Cooking the previously soaked lentils, reduced the amount of DF, due to a drastic loss of HMC, although cellulose and lignin increased. PS content of cooked lentils, previously soaked in CA and SB was still higher than in raw lentil.     

响应面法优化微波提取阳荷水溶性膳食纤维工艺

研究野生阳荷水溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺,以提取时间、料液比、微波功率和浸提液pH值为影响因素,进行四因素三水平的响应面试验设计,对其提取工艺条件进行优化,结果表明：最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间151.4 s、料液比1∶33（g/mL）、微波功率264 W、浸提液pH 3.65,此条件下水溶性膳食纤维的提取率为5.52%,与理论值5.75%相差较小。由此可知,响应面法优化微波辅助提取阳荷水溶性膳食纤维具有时间短、能耗低、提取率高等特点。     

洋蓟膳食纤维中可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺优化

研究洋蓟膳食纤维经超微粉碎（高能纳米冲击磨）和高压均质改性预处理后,提取洋蓟可溶性膳食纤维（Soluble Dietary Fiber,SDF）,采用单因素和响应面试验设计,优化高压均质改性工艺,以得到更高的得率。单因素实验考察均质温度、均质压力和物料浓度对洋蓟SDF得率的影响。用响应面法以三因素三水平对洋蓟SDF提取工艺进行优化,建立洋蓟SDF提取条件与得率之间的模型并进行分析,以得到最优的工艺参数,提高洋蓟SDF的得率。结果表明：经超微粉碎-高压均质复合改性后,洋蓟SDF的得率受复合改性的影响显著,其提取洋蓟SDF的最佳工艺为均质温度41℃、均质压力97 MPa、物料浓度2.5%,洋蓟SDF理论最高得率为20.70%。采用该工艺,实际洋蓟SDF得率的均值为20.13%。傅里叶变化红外光谱图显示经复合改性后,洋蓟膳食纤维的化学成分没有发生变化。     

Measuring Dietary Fiber in Human Foods

Compositions of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) residues and water insoluble fiber fractions extracted by the Southgate method from five foods were determined quantitatively and compared. Neutral saccharide compositions of the two fiber residues, measured by HPLC, were similar for four of the five foods. Uranic acids constituted 4 - 8% of fiber in all foods. When adjustments were made for protein, starch and moisture contents, mean recovery of the two fibers was 97.9 f 3.9%. Gravimetric quantitation of NDF or of a Southgate-derived insoluble fiber usually yielded a fiber content similar to the chemically determined value, although each of the Southgate residues had to be corrected for starch and/or crude protein content.     

膳食纤维与人体健康

膳食纤维（dietary fiber,DF）是一类多聚物的复合混合体。现在学者大多同意将其定义为“不被人体胃肠道分泌物消化的植物组分”。DF组分主要包活:①纤维素,是一种由葡萄糖分子以β-糖苷键连接起来的长链聚合物;②半纤维素,是由一些单糖如阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和木糖混合组成的一种聚合物;③木质素,并非多糖,而是以苯丙烷为单位的多聚物;④果胶,这是由半聚糖醛酸残基组成的聚合物,其中分布有鼠李糖,且含有中性糖支链;⑤粘液和树胶,它们多是一些半纤维素。按水溶性又可将DF分为可溶性纤维（SDF）和不可溶性纤维（IDF）两类,SDF包括:果胶、部分半纤维素、树胶和粘液;IDF包括部分半纤维素、纤维素和木质素。     

西兰花膳食纤维饼干的研制

以西兰花摘除花球部分后的尾菜烘干粉为主要膳食纤维来源,以黄油、白砂糖、鸡蛋黄、低筋面粉为主要原料,研制风味独特且富含膳食纤维的饼干。通过单因素试验确定主要原料添加水平,设计响应面试验确定最佳配方,结果表明：饼干配方为黄油50 g、蔗糖40 g、西兰花尾菜粉97.5 g、低筋面粉52.5 g 时,饼干的感官评分为86.9,饼干中膳食纤维含量达12.02%。     

大豆膳食纤维研究

大豆膳食纤维是生理活性物质,本文对其组成、生理功能、测定、加工方法、及应用作了较 为全面介绍。     

复合膳食纤维在面包中的应用

将小麦膳食纤维、大豆膳食纤维复合应用于面包中,研究大豆膳食纤维与小麦膳食纤维比例、加水量、发酵时间、加糖量对膳食纤维面包体积、表皮色泽、纹理结构等面包综合品质的影响。采用正交试验和感官评定的方法,对影响复合膳食纤维面包品质的主要因素进行分析,确定了复合膳食纤维面包的最佳工艺及配方:大豆膳食纤维与小麦膳食纤维比例为1∶4时,加水量为52%,发酵时间为75 min,加糖量为6%。     

膳食纤维测定方法的历史及现状（1969—1999）

本文回顾了膳食纤维测定方法的历史,介绍了几种代表性的膳食纤维测定方法,并对这些测定方法的特点,适用范围、最新研究进展及动态作了讨论。     

紫红薯渣、膳食纤维和漂白膳食纤维物化特性分析

对紫红薯渣、膳食纤维和漂白膳食纤维的物化特性进行了测试与分析。结果表明,紫红薯膳食纤维的水合性质与紫红薯渣相比差异极显著(P<0.01),H2O2处理极显著地降低了紫红薯膳食纤维的水合性质;酶法和H2O2处理降低了样品吸附胆酸钠的能力,但提高了吸附亚硝酸钠的能力;紫红薯渣、膳食纤维和漂白膳食纤维的水合性质分别为:膨胀力4.36、14.3、9.30 mL/g,持水力2.65、8.39、6.49 g/g,结合水力1.89、3.12、2.05 g/g;紫红薯渣、膳食纤维和漂白膳食纤维的阳离子交换能力分别为0.12、0.88、0.48 mmol/g;紫红薯渣、膳食纤维和漂白膳食纤维吸附胆酸钠的能力分别为35.03、24.12、17.84 mg/g;紫红薯渣、膳食纤维和漂白膳食纤维吸附NaNO2的能力分别为1.08、2.81、2.98 mg/g。结果显示,紫红薯膳食纤维是一种天然的优质膳食纤维,具有广阔的应用前景。     

山楂膳食纤维的研究进展

山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida Bge)是我国资源丰富的药食同源的植物。现代研究表明,山楂果肉中富含维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维以及黄酮类、三萜类等多种植物化学成分,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒等作用。该文主要综述近年来山楂膳食纤维的研究进展,内容涉及山楂膳食纤维降血脂、润肠通便、改善肠道菌群、抗氧化清除自由基、抗菌等健康功效,以及含量分析、提取方法等方面,旨在为山楂膳食纤维的进一步研究、开发和利用提供参考。     

膳食纤维提取的研究进展

膳食纤维对人类健康有积极的作用,在预防人体胃肠道疾病和维护胃肠道健康方面功能突出。本文综述了国内外膳食纤维提取的常用方法以及从不同原料中提取膳食纤维的工艺和原料的利用情况,并从所得膳食纤维的品质、特性及发展前景等方面进行了较全面的比较。     

抗氧化膳食纤维研究进展

本文对抗氧化膳食纤维的物质基础、功能评价及应用进行了综述,以期对以后的膳食纤维功能性研究提供一些帮助。     

Dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Spanish population

The objective of the present study was to estimate the dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), as well as to identify the principal dietary sources of such compounds in the Spanish adult population. The study included 40,690 subjects aged 35 to 64 years from five regions of Spain that were included in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Spain cohort. Usual food intake was estimated by personal interview through a computerized version of a dietary history questionnaire. The estimations of B[a]P and total PAHs were made, taking into account the country where the determinations of content of these compounds in the foods came from and the year of publication. The mean intake of B[a]P in the population was 0.14 microg/day, and the mean intake of total PAHs was 8.57 microg/day. Both for B[a]P and total PAHs, women had a significantly lower mean intake than men, and older people consumed lesser amounts than younger people. Furthermore, the intake was higher in the northern regions. There were no significant differences by smoking status. The food groups of meat and meat products, cereals, and oils and fats contribute 55.5% to the total B[a]P intake, while cereals and meat and meat products contribute 61% to the total PAH consumption. Our estimations of B[a]P intake were lower than in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands, were similar to those found in other studies from Spain and Italy, and were higher than those in the United States and Norway.