Dielectrophoresis in electronic paper

We already reported on the presence of dielectrophoretic forces inside pixels of electrophoretic image displays [Displays 24 (2003) 103]. It was necessary to include these forces in internal physics to explain properties that seemed in discrepancy with theory until then. In this article we explain just how electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis work together in order to make electronic paper work. We also report on a more accurate macroscopic RC-model than the one found until now. Agreement between measurement and model improves with this new electric model.     

Optimised configuration of sensors for fault tolerant control of an electro-magnetic suspension system

For any given system the number and location of sensors can affect the closed-loop performance as well as the reliability of the system. Hence, one problem in control system design is the selection of the sensors in some optimum sense that considers both the system performance and reliability. Although some methods have been proposed that deal with some of the aforementioned aspects, in this work, a design framework dealing with both control and reliability aspects is presented. The proposed framework is able to identify the best sensor set for which optimum performance is achieved even under single or multiple sensor failures with minimum sensor redundancy. The proposed systematic framework combines linear quadratic Gaussian control, fault tolerant control and multiobjective optimisation. The efficacy of the proposed framework is shown via appropriate simulations on an electro-magnetic suspension system.     

Dielectrophoresis measurement of bovine endothelial cells adhesion on different materials

In this study, the design, fabrication, and characterization of dielectrophoresis based devices for the measurement of bovine endothelial cell adhesion on different biomaterials are conducted. During the design stage, the finite element analysis software COMSOL is used to determine a better design for the dielectrophoretic electrode. Accordingly, a dielectrophoretic device that contains several micro electrodes for producing unbalanced electrical fields is fabricated using the microelectromechanical fabrication technique. The proposed device is then used for the detection of cell adhesion on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly lactide (PLA) substrates. The hydrophilicity measurement results reveal that PLA is more hydrophilic than PDMS. It is inferred that bovine endothelial cell (BEC) should have better adhesion on PLA than on PDMA. However, the cell detachment results do not fully agree with this inference. It is further suggested that other features of the substrate are more crucial for the adhesion of BEC than the hydrophilicity. Cell detachment experiments demonstrate that the applied electrophoresis cannot detach the adhered BECs from a PDMS substrate when the seeding time is longer than 4 h. However, the dielectrophoretic force caused by a 6 V applied potential is enough to lift those cells cultured on the PLA for 4 and 6 h respectively. When the culture time is increased to 8 h, the cells apparently stretch out and a higher voltage is required to lift and move them. The results of the cell detachment experiments may suggest that the adherence of BEC to PLA is more stable after 8 h of seeding.     

电极形状对无创血糖检测精度影响的研究

在低频段时,为了提高基于射频信号的无创血糖检测的精度,本文探讨了圆形、方形、螺旋形电极分别在模拟的三种不同浓度血糖溶液中对S11参数的影响,从而分析电极形状对血糖检测精度的影响.研究表明:电极形状与血糖检测精度存在一定关系,在谐振点时,相较于方形电极和圆形电极,螺旋形电极所测得的S11参数幅值最小,其血糖检测精度最高,因此,该形状电极更适用于无创血糖检测.     

介电泳操控纳米材料及其在微纳传感器中的应用

要将纳米结构作为功能元件应用在微纳传感器、纳米电路等系统中,首先要解决材料的定位操作问题.在自行设计的几种电极的基础上,采用介电泳技术对SiO2微纳米材料进行操控,可以实现材料的沿电场方向的排布和电极间的跨接,为解决纳米结构的定位操作做了有益的尝试.初步测试了采用介电泳技术操控自行生长的ZnO纳米结构制作而成的湿度传感器的基本特性并取得很好的响应,表明介电泳技术可以很好得实现纳米材料在传感器领域中的应用.     

基于图像处理的嵌入式介电电泳细胞检测装置设计

介电电泳细胞试验中,细胞旋转速度的检测一直是影响试验效率的重要因素;常规的人眼识别,工作效率低,单次检测细胞数量少,周期长,并不能满足目前高通量的细胞转速检测要求;因此,设计了一种应用环形窗模板匹配与特征点跟踪,实时检测介电电泳细胞运动参数的装置;重点论述了环形窗模板的匹配和特征点的标记匹配的理论算法;利用C++编程并移植到嵌入式设备中;装置测试结果表明,其静态图像处理能准确地分割各细胞单元,动态处理可有效匹配细胞特征点,检测所得的细胞旋转速度相对误差小于1%,满足设计指标要求。     

绝缘体介电电泳细胞分离器件数值分析和优化

绝缘体介电电泳(iDEP)利用微流体管道中均匀绝缘柱阵列产生介电电泳(DEP)所需要的非均匀电场,实现微全分析系统(μTAS)和芯片实验室(LOC)中细胞等生物粒子的分离.对这种新型的iDEP器件进行理论分析,建立了数值计算方法.基于有限元数值计算理论,利用Ansys软件,计算了细胞的介电电泳力,验证了iDEP的富集原理,对iDEP器件的介质形状、尺寸、间距和微管道长度等参数进行了优化,提出了设计准则.选用间距10 μm,圆形,微管道长度3550 μm的5×5绝缘柱阵列,器件性能最优.     

Multi-objective optimization on multi-layer configuration of cathode electrode for polymer electrolyte fuel cells via computational-intelligence-aided design and engineering framework

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have attracted considerable interest within the research community due to the increasing demands for renewable energy. Within the PEFCs’ many components, a cathode electrode plays a primary function in the operation of the cell. Here, a computational-intelligence-aided design and engineering (CIAD/CIAE) framework with potential cross-disciplinary applications is proposed to minimize the over-potential difference η and improve the overall efficiency of PEFCs. A newly developed swarm dolphin algorithm is embedded in a computational-intelligence-integrated solver to optimize a triple-layer cathode electrode model. The simulation results demonstrate the potential application of the proposed CIAD/CIAE framework in the design automation and optimization of PEFCs.     

A Programmable Biochip for the Applications of Trapping and Adaptive Multisorting Using Dielectrophoresis Array

The adaptive biochip integrating dielectrophoresis (DEP) traps and a programmable multisorting DEP array for the multisorting applications of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. In this research, movable beads are used as the mobile probes to capture the target protein molecules. These beads are chemically modified and immobilized with p50 proteins in our demonstration. An array of micropyramid DEP traps with a good levitation control on the height of the beads is located at the upstream to enhance the hybridization function of the mobile probes. The sample solution mixed with Cy3-I-kappa-B-alpha complex is used in the demonstration. A programmable multisorting DEP array that is located at the downstream sorts out the hybridized beads, which are fluorescently labeled based on the fluorescent detection signals. The magnitude and direction of the DEP force that is applied to the beads with/without labeling fluorescence in the multisorting DEP array are controlled via the distribution of time-variant nonuniform electric fields. The voltage on the individual electrode of the multisorting DEP array is preprogrammed and controlled by a LabVIEW controller with fluorescence detection feedback signals. In contrast to the research of Manaresi et al. [IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 12, p. 2297, 2003], which was proposed for trapping and sorting beads and cells via Dent traps, to our knowledge, the design of this biochip with the hybridization enhancement via micropyramid DEP traps and the adaptive multisorting DEP array for the mobile probes has never been proposed and implemented to date.     

Review:Advances in the control of mechatronic suspension systems

The suspension system is a key element in motor vehicles. Advancements in electronics and microprocessor technology have led to the realization of mechatronic suspensions. Since its introduction in some production motorcars in the 1980 s, it has remained an area which sees active research and development, and this will likely continue for many years to come. With the aim of identifying current trends and future focus areas, this paper presents a review on the state-of-the-art of mechatronic suspensions. First, some commonly used classifications of mechatronic suspensions are presented. This is followed by a discussion on some of the actuating mechanisms used to provide control action. A survey is then reported on the many types of control approaches, including look-ahead preview, predictive, fuzzy logic, proportional–integral–derivative(PID), optimal, robust, adaptive, robust adaptive,and switching control. In conclusion, hydraulic actuators are most commonly used, but they impose high power requirements, limiting practical realizations of active suspensions. Electromagnetic actuators are seen to hold the promise of lower power requirements, and rigorous research and development should be conducted to make them commercially usable. Current focus on control methods that are robust to suspension parameter variations also seems to produce limited performance improvements, and future control approaches should be adaptive to the changeable driving conditions.     

Configuration for mass customization: how to extend product configuration towards requirements and process configuration

In order to develop mass customization, many companies use configuration software to customize their products. Although many studies already exist about Product Configuration, Requirements and Process Configuration have not been studied in detail. As all these three aspects must be considered for mass customization, the aim of this paper is to show how Product Configuration, when considered as a constraint satisfaction problem, can be extended upstream towards Requirements Configuration and downstream towards Process Configuration. Product Configuration basics are first reviewed thanks to a constraint based approach, and an analysis of industrial configuration situations is done in order to clarify mass customization needs in terms of configuration. Then upstream Requirements Configuration and downstream Process Configuration are defined and generic models are proposed. It is shown that the proposed elements allow a global and consistent flow of configuration activities. A detailed example illustrates the different configuration problems and a discussion terminates the paper.     

Parametrization of nonlinear stabilizing controllers: theobserver-controller configuration

The paper uses the author's (1996) previous results to develop the parametrization of nonlinear stabilizing observer-controller compensators of a given nonlinear system. The configuration described permits a simple parametrization of stabilizing controllers using coprime factorisation techniques     

DIDS: rapidly prototyping configuration design systems

The domain independent design system (DIDS) provides a set of tools for rapidly constructing new configuration design systems from a library of reusable software elements called mechanisms. A DIDS user begins by creating a model of the problem domain and the task to be automated. This includes describing a library of parts from which new artifacts could be configured, optimization and preference criteria, and functionality constraints. DIDS analyzes this input and automatically builds an operational prototype system by selecting and combining mechanisms. DIDS' ability to automate this process is derived from its model of configuration design, which enables reusable mechanisms to be identified and automatically selected based on a problem's characteristics. The use of DIDS is illustrated by showing how DIDS solved an elevator-configuration problem.     

Model-based software configuration: patterns and languages

The common presupposition of enterprise systems (ES) is that they lead to significant efficiency gains. However, this is only the case for well-implemented ES that are well-aligned with the organisation. The list of ES implementation failures is significant which is partly attributable to the insufficiently addressed fundamental problem of adapting an ES efficiently. As long as it is not intuitively possible to configure an ES, this problem will prevail because organisations have a non-generic character. A solution to this problem consists in re-thinking current practices of ES provision. This paper proposes a new approach based on configurable process models, which reflect ES functionalities. We provide in this paper a taxonomy of situations that can occur from a business perspective during process model configuration. This taxonomy is represented via so-called semantic configuration patterns. In the next step, we discuss so-called syntactic configuration patterns. This second type of configuration patterns implements the semantic configuration patterns for specific modelling techniques. We chose two popular process modelling languages in order to illustrate our approach.     

Semantic weaving of configuration fragments into a consistent system configuration

Configuration fragments developed separately and focusing on different aspects, such as availability, security or performance of a system need to be integrated into a consistent system configuration to avoid system malfunctions. The main challenges of such integration are due to the overlapping entities and the integration relations between the entities of the different configuration fragments. In this paper we propose a model based approach for a consistent integration of configuration fragments into a system configuration. We use and extend the model weaving technique to capture the semantics of the relations between the entities of the configuration fragments. Moreover, we generate automatically the constraints corresponding to these semantic relations to complete the target system configuration profile. These constraints can be used to guard the configuration consistency during runtime modifications.     

无线数传设备(DTU)在组态软件中的应用

<正>1概述GPRS、CDMA及现在很热门的3G网络都属于广域无线,这些通信方式具有覆盖范围广、组网灵活快捷、运行成本低等优点。被广泛应用于电力系统、工业监控、交通管理、气象、水处理、环境监控、金融证券、煤矿、石油等行业。DTU是基于上述无线网络的无线数传设备,其提供了一个     

介电泳芯片的研制及不同细胞介电分离的应用

制备了包括指状交叉、城墙状和梯形的微电极阵列芯片装置.并用这些芯片探索了生物细胞的介电响应.另外观察了酵母和鸡血红细胞的迁移、旋转和融合以及几种细胞收集图片.发现了两种细胞的正、负介电泳现象,确定了这两种细胞的分离条件.讨论了两种细胞正、负介电泳的原因.利用同一芯片在相同的条件下一种细胞移向强场区(正介电泳),另一种细胞移向弱场区(负介电泳).因此可用同一芯片分离不同的细胞.有望建立一种非接触式细胞分离技术,而且在分离过程中不需要添加任何试剂.     

The impact of random noise on the performance of a new infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) configuration

The performance of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Inteferometer (IASI), which is under development at the laboratories of the French National Space Agency, has been evaluated on the basis of new radiometric noise data. An error analysis has been performed for the direct and simultaneous estimation of temperature, water vapour, and ozone profiles.     

Index configuration in object-oriented databases

In relational databases, an attribute of a relation can have only a single primitive value, making it cumbersome to model complex objects. The objectoriented paradigm removes this difficulty by introducing the notion of nested objects, which allows the value of an object atribute to be another object or a set of other objects. This means that a class consists of a set of attributes, and the values of the attributes are objects that belong to other classes; that is, the definition of a class forms a hierarchy of classes. All attributes of the nested classes are nested attributes of the root of the hierarchy. A branch of such hierarchy is called apath. In this article, we address the problem of index configuration for a given path. We first summarize some basic concepts, and introduce the concept of index configuration for a path. Then we present cost formulas to evaluate the costs of the various configurations. Finally, we present the algorithm that determines the optimal configuration, and show its correctness.