以淀粉废水、麦芽根制备生物材料——短梗霉多糖

短梗霉多糖是一种具有重要应用价值的微生物胞外多糖,淀粉废水是加工淀粉过程中不可避免的一种副产物,营养丰富;麦芽根为麦芽制造过程中的副产物,含有丰富的淀粉酶、麦芽酶、果酸酶及蛋白酶,富含B族维生素,并含有大量未知生长因子。因此,利用麦芽根所含有的丰富酶系和生长因子来酶解淀粉工业废水,便于出芽短梗霉菌的生长代谢。实验表明,具有一定的可行性。控制培养基初始pH为6.5、发酵温度为28～30℃、转速为180r/min、发酵时间120h的发酵工艺,较适合于出芽短梗霉菌利用麦芽根与淀粉废水的混合培养液进行代谢,生产短梗霉多糖。     

利用麦芽根、淀粉废水高产普鲁兰多糖短梗霉菌株选育的研究

将出芽短梗霉G2m3．44经紫外和微波诱变后,挑选出一株产色素含量较低、产短梗霉多糖含量较高的菌株UV-63-MW-15。经固定化后,接种于麦芽根、淀粉废水糖化液中进行发酵。结果显示,其多糖产量高出游离细胞UV-63-MW-15的26．5％,是游离原始出发菌株G2m3．44细胞所产多糖量的2．63倍。     

出芽短梗霉处理马铃薯淀粉废水

研究了用出芽短梗霉在不用酶水解淀粉废水的条件下优化处理工艺,考察了不同COD的淀粉废水对出芽短梗霉的生长影响,废水中有机物总量及COD去除情况的影响。结果表明:淀粉废水的COD浓度大小对出芽短梗霉的生长没有影响,有机物浓度随处理时间增长而降低,但最终的代谢物——普鲁兰多糖的量随废水浓度升高而增加,COD去除程度随废水浓度升高而增大。用出芽短梗霉对马铃薯淀粉废水进行生物处理,实现了环境保护和经济效益的双重目的。     

出芽短梗霉产色素能力弱化菌株的筛选

出芽短梗霉在发酵过程中会产生一种与黑色素相似的黑色物质 ,并且这种物质会牢固地粘附在短梗霉多糖上 .对出芽短梗霉Aureobasidium pullulanB 1菌株进行6 0 Co诱变 ,获得了一株产色素能力缺失型菌株Co3,其菌落和发酵液颜色为白色或淡绿色 .红外光谱和磁核共振图谱表明该菌株的产物与标准短梗霉多糖样品有相同的结构 .     

基于蛋白质组学分析尿嘧啶对出芽短梗霉产普鲁兰多糖的影响

为了解尿嘧啶对出芽短梗霉生长及合成普鲁兰多糖的内在机制,研究了尿嘧啶在普鲁兰多糖发酵过程中的最适添加量与最适添加时间。利用非标记（Label-free）定量技术和液相色谱-串联质谱技术比较出芽短梗霉发酵后期（88 h）的蛋白质组分,并对其差异蛋白质进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:在48 h添加0.5 g/L的尿嘧啶对普鲁兰多糖的产量提高最为显著,在5 L发酵罐上验证,产量由70.13 g/L提高到86.27 g/L,提高了23%。进行蛋白质组分分析鉴定出80个差异性蛋白质,其中包括40个上调蛋白和40个下调蛋白（差异倍数>2,P<0.05）,对这些差异蛋白进行聚类分析、GO功能富集分析、KEGG通路分析显示上述差异蛋白广泛涉及细胞过程、代谢过程等重要生物过程。差异蛋白质主要参与糖酵解、果糖和甘露糖代谢、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢、丙酮酸代谢和TCA循环等代谢过程,最终引起普鲁兰多糖产量的变化。为进一步了解出芽短梗霉产普鲁兰多糖的代谢机理提供了分子基础。     

诱导物对出芽短梗霉木聚糖酶活力和阿魏酰低聚糖合成的调控影响

以麦麸为原料诱变选育的不产黑色素出芽短梗霉为发酵菌株,利用其发酵过程中合成的木聚糖酶水解麦麸纤维,制备阿魏酰低聚糖(FOs)。研究碳源、氮源、金属离子和表面活性剂等诱导物对出芽短梗霉木聚糖酶活力和FOs合成的影响,以探明各物质对出芽短梗霉木聚糖酶活力和FOs合成的影响;利用正交试验设计方法研究各物质添加量对出芽短梗霉产酶和FOs的影响,确定芽短梗霉发酵制备FOs的最佳培养基。结果表明:50g/L麦麸处理液中添加15g/L葡萄糖、1g/L蛋白胨和1g/L玉米浆,FOs产量和木聚糖酶活力最高分别达到627nmol/L和52.66IU/mL。     

Tween-60对出芽短梗霉合成多糖代谢组学的分析

利用代谢组学技术,研究了Tween-60对出芽短梗霉合成普鲁兰多糖的影响。在初始发酵培养基中添加4 g/L的Tween-60,并采用GC-MS(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)对实验组和空白组40 h的胞内代谢物进行分析。结果表明:普鲁兰多糖产量由78.35 g/L提高至92.5 g/L;同时确定出包括L-阿拉伯糖醇、D-核酮糖等6种代谢物表达量上调,α-D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖等6种代谢物表达量下调。进一步分析表明,添加Tween-60可以增强胞内TCA循环以及戊糖、葡萄糖醛酸循环,为出芽短梗霉代谢提供大量能量以及胞内保护性物质。同时,发现添加Tween-60加快胞内半乳糖代谢,进而促进了普鲁兰多糖发酵前体UDPG的合成,因而多糖产量显著增高。     

碳源对出芽短梗霉发酵生产普鲁兰多糖的影响

原糖发酵生产普鲁兰多糖对于蔗糖的深加工具有重要意义。本研究考察了不同碳源底物对出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)发酵生产普鲁兰多糖的影响。结果表明,原糖发酵生产的普鲁兰多糖产量要比白砂糖、葡萄糖和淀粉高16%~53%,且多糖颜色较浅;通过正交试验优化后,发酵培养基的普鲁兰多糖产量可以达到12.39 g/L,多糖转化率可以达到26.65%。     

可食性膜材料茁霉多糖发酵工艺条件研究

本文对出芽短梗霉的发酵茁霉多糖的条件进行了初步探索，确定了该菌株的发酵优化条件，在此条件下，获得了较高的多糖产量，实验表明，摇瓶转速和发酵初始pH值是多糖发酵的重要影响因素，它们与多糖的合成密切相关。     

出芽短梗霉发酵生产聚苹果酸的研究

为研究芽短梗霉生物合成聚苹果酸的优化工艺条件,采用间歇培养法研究聚苹果酸的发酵过程。测定出芽短梗霉细胞生长和聚苹果酸产物生成曲线,并考察碳源、氮源、CaCO3、pH、摇床转速等因素对聚苹果酸生成的影响,得出出芽短梗霉发酵生产聚苹果酸的优化工艺条件是:葡萄糖120g/L,丁二酸铵3g/L,CaCO330g/L,pH5.5,摇床转速220r/min,温度25℃,发酵培养6d。在此工艺条件下,聚苹果酸的产量达到16.58g/L。聚苹果酸和出芽短梗霉菌体生长呈现一定的相关性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press