JHG复合离子型共聚物的研究

在室内合成了一种阴、阳复合离子型多元共聚物－ＪＨＧ，对其性能进行了全面的评价。结果表明，ＪＨＧ在淡水钻井液和正电胶钻井液中均具有很好的降失水性能，与正电胶钻井液配伍性能好，并具有很好的抗盐和抗温性能，可作为正电胶钻井液降失水剂，还可作为淡水钻井液、盐水或饱和盐水钻井液及深井钻井液的降失水剂，具有很好的应用前景。     

耐温抗盐降滤失剂配伍钻井液的研制

为满足复杂地层深井钻井工艺技术对钻井液的要求,合成出了高温抗盐钻井液用降滤失剂,并采用红外光谱法及热分析法对其进行了表征。在此基础上确定了降滤失剂配伍钻井液配方,评价了降滤失剂及其配伍钻井液的抗温和抗盐污染性能。结果表明：降滤失剂高温抗盐性能达到国内外先进水平,配伍钻井液在淡水、盐水、饱和盐水和复合盐水中均具有较强的降滤失作用。150℃条件下,配伍钻井液在淡水基浆、饱和NaCl盐水及复合盐水中高温高压滤失量分别仅为14.4ml、6.8ml及14.8ml。     

共聚物PAAND作钻井液降滤失剂的合成及应用评价

以丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)、乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,(NH4)2S2O8-Na HSO3为引发剂,采用自由基水溶液聚合的方式合成了一种四元共聚物钻井液降滤失剂。通过正交实验确定了具有最佳降滤失效果的合成条件,采用FTIR及1HNMR对共聚物的结构进行了表征。性能评价结果表明,合成的共聚物具有良好的耐温抗盐和降滤失性能,聚合物质量分数为1.5%时,淡水、盐水、饱和盐水以及复合盐水基浆的API滤失量(0.7 MPa,30 min)分别为5.6、9.7、19.0和16.1 m L。与新疆油田常用的SP-8、JT888、MAN104和HJ-3这4种降失水剂相比,合成的聚合物表现出了更好的降滤失性能。现场适用评价表明,该降滤失剂与新疆油田常用的钾钙基聚磺钻井液体系、正电胶钻井液体系以及聚磺钻井液体系都具有良好的现场适用性。     

AMPS／AM共聚物的合成

本文以丙烯酰胺,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸为原料,以水为溶剂,采用氧化-还原引发体系,合成了2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸-丙烯酰胺二元共聚物降失水剂。探讨了共聚物降失水性能对合成条件的依赖性,评价了共聚物对泥浆的降滤失效果。实验结果表明,本文共聚物抗盐、抗温能力强,在淡水、盐水、饱和盐水和人工海水泥浆中均具有良好的降失水作用。     

一种速溶性CMC作用为钻井液降滤失水剂的室内评价

速溶性CMC由于制备的工艺过程与钻井液用CMC存在一定的差异,其溶解性能更为优良.实验通过对降滤失剂在不同钻井液体系中流变性和API滤失量的测试.得出在不同的钻井液体系中的最佳加量分别是:淡水钻井液为0.5%、盐水钻并液为1.0%、饱和盐水钻井液为1.5%.抗温、抗盐性实验表明,在120℃下该产品仍具有较好的降滤失能力,并具有一定的抗盐能力和良好的溶解性能.     

一种抗盐抗温降滤失剂的合成及性能研究

采用丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）、丙烯酸（AA）等单体共聚合成了一种抗温抗盐降滤失剂,分析了影响合成产品的各种因素,优选了反应条件,评价了合成共聚物在淡水钻井液、盐水钻井液、饱和盐水钻井液中的降滤失效果,研究了合成共聚物的抗盐效果、抗温能力、抗钙能力和黏土膨胀抑制性。结果表明：合成共聚物具有良好的降滤失作用和抗温抗盐抗钙性能,增强了钻井液抑制泥页岩水化的能力。     

P（AMPS-AM-AOETAC-AA）聚合物钻井液防塌降滤失剂的合成

采用氧化-还原引发体系,以2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸为原料,合成了P（AMPS-AM-AOETAC-AA）聚合物钻井液防塌降滤失剂。通过均匀设计优化了反应条件,初步评价了共聚物的钻井液性能。结果表明,P（AMPS-AM-AOETAC-AA）聚合物作为钻井液处理剂具有热稳定性好和抗温能力强的特性,在淡水、盐水、饱和盐水和复合盐水钻井液中均具有较好的降滤失作用。经过150℃高温老化后仍能较好地控制钻井液的滤失量,且具有较好的防塌效果。     

抗钙钻井液降滤失剂P(AMPS-DEAM)聚合物的合成

采用氧化-还原引发体系,以N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰基-2-甲基丙磺酸为原料,合成了P(AMPS-DEAM)共聚物抗高温抗钙钻井液降滤失剂。通过正交实验优化了配方及合成条件:m(DEAM):m(AMPS)=0.9:1、反应温度40℃、单体质量分数25%、引发剂用量0.22%,用红外光谱对聚合物的结构进行了表征,初步评价了共聚物的钻井液性能。结果表明,P(AMPS-DEAM)共聚物热稳定性好,作为钻井液处理剂,在淡水、盐水、饱和盐水和CaCl_2钻井液中均具有较好的降滤失作用。经过180℃超高温老化后仍能较好地控制钻井液的滤失量,体现出了良好的抗温、抗盐和抗钙性能。     

P（AMPS-DMAM）共聚物钻井液降滤失剂的合成

采用氧化-还原引发体系,以2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺为原料,通过均匀设计优化,合成了P（AMPS/DMAM）共聚物钻井液降滤失剂,借助红外光谱对聚合物进行了结构表征,初步评价了共聚物的钻井液性能。结果表明,P（AMPS/DMAM）共聚物作为钻井液处理剂,热稳定性好,抗温能力强,在淡水、盐水和饱和盐水钻井液中均具有较好的降滤失作用,经过220℃高温老化后仍能较好地控制钻井液的滤失量。     

抗高温水基钻井液技术研究

在钻井过程中,高温使钻井液中原本不反应的各组分可能发生剧烈反应,降低了钻井液体系性能和热稳定性。通过室内评价,以三磺淡水基浆为基础,研究了200℃下黏土含量对高温增稠、高温减稠的合适土量范围,然后研究了降黏剂SMC、降滤失剂SMP-3及固化剂HF-1的影响。建立了抗200℃,具有良好的流变性和失水造壁性的水基钻井液,完全能满足悬浮的要求。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。