水溶胶CdSe纳米复合器件电致发光特性的研究

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂在水相中制备了水溶胶CdSe纳米晶,透射电子显微镜表明了纳米晶的形态和尺寸大小.用表面活性剂将CdSe纳米晶从水相中转移到有机相中,将其与具有空穴传输性能的聚合物PVK互溶在一起作为电致发光器件的发光层,以Alq3作为电子传输层,在发光层与Alq3之间加入了空穴阻挡层BCP制备了多层电致发光器件,研究了不同CdSe/PVK配比下水溶胶CdSe纳米复合器件的电致发光特性,结果发现随着水溶胶CdSe纳米晶在纳米复合物中所占比例的降低,电致发光器件的发光强度有所提高,起亮电压有所降低.     

双修饰Fe3O4/CdSe/CdS荧光磁性复合物的制备及其表征

采用共沉淀法制得Fe3O4溶胶,用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)对其表面进行改性,制得有机硅改性的纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子;用L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐(L-Cys)将油相的CdSe/CdS转成水相并带上氨基的CdSe/CdS纳米晶;将其复合制备了Fe3O4/CdSe/CdS荧光磁性双功能纳米复合物颗粒。该Fe3O4/CdSe/CdS复合物颗粒平均尺寸约为40nm,饱和磁化强度为21.287A.m2/kg,该纳米粒子既具有优异的荧光特性,也具有较强的超顺磁性。     

具有狭窄荧光光谱的红色荧光CdSe纳米晶合成研究

采用胶体化学方法合成了红色荧光的CdSe纳米晶，具有较大的粒径和狭窄的荧光峰。其制备方法是以粒径较小的CdSe纳米晶（3-4nm）作为晶种，再通过相应前驱体的缓慢加入来得到晶种各向同性的生长，最终生成较大粒径的CdSe纳米晶，颗粒直径可达8-9nm，且荧光峰值在红光波长范围。所得的材料具有很好的单分散性和均匀的粒径分布，表现出半峰宽≤30nm的狭窄而对称的荧光光谱。     

纳米CdS／聚（苯胺-邻氨基苯甲酸）复合薄膜的制备及表征

以苯胺和邻氨基苯甲酸为单体共聚而成的聚（苯胺-邻氨基苯甲酸）（PAOAA）为基体，制备了纳米CdS／PAOAA复合薄膜。纳米CdS粒子大小均匀，粒径分布窄，较稳定地存在于基体中，且随着硫化时间的延长粒径尺寸有所增加。荧光光谱表明纳米CdS／PAOAA复合薄膜的发光由CdS纳米粒子和PAOAA共同作用产生，在430nm和520nm附近出现了两大发光峰；CdS粒径的增加导致电子-空穴对在CdS内复合增大，表现为纳米CdS的荧光特征峰增强而PAOAA的荧光特征峰减弱。     

核壳结构CdS：Mn/ZnS纳米晶的制备与光学性能研究

以3-巯基丙酸为稳定剂,采用共沉淀法在水相中合成了CdS∶Mn掺杂纳米晶,然后进一步将ZnS包覆于CdS∶Mn纳米晶表面,制备了CdS∶Mn/ZnS核壳结构纳米晶。利用X射线衍射（XRD）,透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）对纳米晶的结构、形貌和光学性质进行了表征,发现制备的纳米晶具有优秀的单分散性,确认合成了CdS∶Mn/ZnS核壳结构纳米晶。通过荧光光谱（PL）研究了纳米晶的发光性质和光稳定性,结果表明包覆壳层后纳米晶的发光强度显著提高,最高可达8倍,且Mn2＋离子的发光峰峰位置随着ZnS壳层数的增加而红移。此外,核壳纳米晶的光稳定性大大提高。     

不同形貌CdSe纳米晶的合成及其形成机理研究

采用水热反应法,通过调节反应时间制备得到了不同形貌的CdSe纳米晶材料,并用TEM、XRD、EDS、XPS等分析手段对其形貌结构进行表征。研究表明,在反应温度为180℃的条件下,所得产物均为六方晶相的CdSe纳米晶,形貌随着反应时间的改变而发生变化:当控制反应时间为2h、5h、10h时,得到的CdSe纳米晶的形貌分别为树枝状、由树枝状到棒状过渡的簇状及棒状。分析了CdSe纳米晶形成的化学反应原理,并运用结晶学原理和相关模型理论对CdSe纳米晶的形成机理及其形貌变化进行了探讨。     

CdS/ZnO核壳结构纳米微粒的合成及其发射光谱研究

采用单分子前驱体热分解的方法合成了单分散CdS纳米晶,以CdS纳米晶作为核,在CTAB辅助下,对其表面进行修饰,荧光光谱表明CdS/ZnO核壳结构被成功合成。考查了温度对包覆的影响,结果表明,随着温度的升高晶体结晶越好,包覆越来越完全,ZnO包覆在CdS纳米晶的表面而掩盖了CdS纳米晶的缺陷,使得缺陷发光减弱而带隙发光增强。     

GaP纳米复合发光材料的制备和性质

用微波水热方法制备了GaP纳米晶／桑色素复合发充材料，研究了粒度对复合材料发光波长及发光效率的影响。结果表明：在微波水热条件下，GaP纳米晶的晶体结构不发生变化，只是在复合反应后粒度有所长大；与纯CaP纳米晶的发光光谱相比，复合后材料的发光峰变窄，发光强度显著增加，而且发光峰峰位向短波方向移动；另外，复合材料的发光波长和效率与GaP纳米晶的粒度有密切关系，粒度减小时相应的复合材料发光波段蓝移且发光效率提高。     

不同晶型 CdSe纳米棒的制备及光电性能研究

采用水热法制备了不同晶型CdSe纳米棒,并用TEM、SEM、XRD、TGA-DTA对其进行了表征.结果显示反应温度为240℃生成纤锌矿型CdSe纳米棒,反应温度为200℃生成闪锌矿型CdSe纳米棒.并对纳米棒进行了光电性能测定,纤锌矿型CdSe纳米棒膜电极的光电转换效率（IP.CE）优于闪锌矿型CdSe纳米棒膜电极的IPCE.CdSe/PMeT复合膜电极在具有最大光电转换效率时的波长发生了红移.     

CdS/CdSe量子点共敏化TiO_2薄膜的光电化学性能研究

采用化学浴沉积法分别将CdS、CdSe量子点沉积在TiO2纳米纤维薄膜上,得到TiO2/CdS/CdSe电极。采用电脉冲沉积法将非晶结构TiO2薄膜插入CdS与CdSe量子点之间,得到TiO2/CdS/a-TiO2/CdSe电极。将两种电极分别组装成太阳能电池,进行光电化学性质研究,结果表明,TiO2/CdS/a-TiO2/CdSe电池的光电转化效率比TiO2/CdS/CdS电池提高了1.68倍。进一步的原因分析结果表明,在CdS与CdSe量子点之间插入TiO2非晶薄膜后,可以极大提高载流子寿命。     

CdSe/Cd(x)Zn1-xS core/shell nanocrystals: core morphology and luminescent property

CdSe cores with rod (an aspect ratio of 1.8, d-5 nm) and spherical (an aspect ratio of 1, d-5 nm) morphologies were fabricated by two kinds of organic approaches through adjusting growth processes. Because of large difference of size and morphology, two kinds of cores revealed different absorption spectra. However, these cores exhibited almost same photoluminescence (PL) spectra with a red-emitting PL peak of around 625 nm. This is ascribed that they have a similar size in diameter. A graded Cd(x)Zn1-xS shell of larger band gap was grown around CdSe rods and spheres using oleic acid as a capping agent. Based on the growth kinetics of CdS and ZnS, interfacial segregation was created to preferentially deposit CdS near the core, providing relaxation of the strain at the core/shell interface. For spherical CdSe cores, the homogeneous deposition of the Cd(x)Zn1-xS shell created spherical core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) with a size of 7.1 nm in diameter. In the case of using CdSe cores with rod morphology, the anisotropic aggregation behaviors of CdS monomers on CdSe rods led to the size (approximately 10 nm in diameter) of spherical CdSe/Cd(x)Zn1-xS core/shell NCs with a small difference to the length of the CdSe rod (approximately 8.9 nm). The resulting spherical core/shell NCs created by the rod and spherical cores exhibited almost same PL peak wavelength (652 and 653 nm for using rod and spherical cores, respectively), high PL efficiency up to 50%, and narrow PL spectra (36 and 28 nm of full with at half maximum of PL spectra for the core/shell NCs with CdSe spheres and rods, respectively). These core/shell NCs provide an opportunity for the study of the evolution of PL properties as the shape of semiconductor NCs.     

不同壳层的CdS／ZnS核／壳结构量子点的温度相关荧光性质

报导了CdS／ZnS纳米晶体（NCs）的制备过程和其光学}生质。通过采用连续离子层吸附和反应技术（SILAR）,我们用少量的表面活性剂合成了不同壳层的四个样品,包括CdS核纳米晶以及具有1～3层ZnS壳的CdS／ZnS核／壳结构纳米晶体样品。发现具有一层ZnS壳的CdS／ZnS样品的荧光量子产率大约比未包覆壳层的CdS纳米晶体样品的强11倍。另外,随着壳层的增加（增至两到三层）,荧光量子产率呈现下降的趋势。对样品进行了温度相关的光谱测量,发现CdS／ZnS和CdS一样具有特殊的光学特性。     

Phosphine-free synthesis of high-quality reverse type-I ZnSe/CdSe core with CdS/Cd(x)Zn(1 - x)S/ZnS multishell nanocrystals and their application for detection of human hepatitis B surface antigen

Highly photoluminescent (PL) reverse type-I ZnSe/CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) and ZnSe/CdSe/CdS/Cd(x)Zn(1 - x)S/ZnS core/multishell NCs were successfully synthesized by a phosphine-free method. By this low-cost, 'green' synthesis route, more than 10 g of high-quality ZnSe/CdSe/CdS/Cd(x)Zn(1 - x)S/ZnS NCs were synthesized in a large scale synthesis. After the overgrowth of a CdS/Cd(x)Zn(1 - x)S/ZnS multishell on ZnSe/CdSe cores, the PL quantum yields (QYs) increased from 28% to 75% along with the stability improvement. An amphiphilic oligomer was used as a surface coating agent to conduct a phase transfer experiment, core/multishell NCs were dissolved in water by such surface modification and the QYs were still kept above 70%. The as-prepared water dispersible ZnSe/CdSe/CdS/Cd(x)Zn(1 - x)S/ZnS core/multishell NCs not only have high fluorescence QYs but also are extremely stable in various physiological conditions. Furthermore, a biosensor system (lateral flow immunoassay system, LFIA) for the detection of human hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was developed by using this water-soluble core/multishell NCs as a fluorescent label and a nitrocellulose filter membrane for lateral flow. The result showed that such ZnSe/CdSe/CdS/Cd(x)Zn(1 - x)S/ZnS core/multishell NCs were excellent fluorescent labels to detect HBsAg. The sensitivity of HBsAg detection could reach as high as 0.05 ng ml( - 1).     

水相中CdSe与核/壳CdSe/CdS量子点的制备与发光特性研究

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂在水相中制备了CdSe与核/壳型CdSe/CdS量子点水溶胶, 用紫外-可见吸收光谱和发射光谱研究了它们的发光特性, 并且用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了它们的结构、形貌和化学组成, 结果表明使用该方法制备的量子点分散性良好, 而且用CdS对CdSe进行表面修饰以后的发光强度明显提高, 发射光谱和吸收光谱都有红移现象, 不同粒径颗粒的吸收峰的位置也有所不同.     

Aqueous synthesis of CdSe and CdSe/CdS quantum dots with controllable introduction of Se and S sources

A new and convenient route is developed to synthesize CdSe and core–shell CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous solution. CdSe QDs are prepared by introducing H₂Se gas into the aqueous medium containing Cd²⁺ ions. The synthesized CdSe QDs are further capped with CdS to form core–shell CdSe/CdS QDs by reacting with H₂S gas. The gaseous precursors, H₂Se and H₂S, are generated on-line by reducing SeO₃ ^2? with NaBH₄ and the reaction between Na₂S and H₂SO₄, and introduced sequentially into the solution to form CdSe and CdSe/CdS QDs, respectively. The synthesized water-soluble CdSe and CdSe/CdS QDs possess high quantum yield (3 and 20 %) and narrow full-width-at-half-maximum (43 and 38 nm). The synthesis process is easily reproducible with simple apparatus and low-toxic chemicals. The relatively standard deviation of maxima fluorescence intensity is only 2.1 % (n = 7) for CdSe and 3.6 % (n = 7) for CdSe/CdS QDs. This developed route is simple, environmentally friendly and can be readily extended to the large-scale aqueous synthesis of QDs.     

在多相体系中制备核壳型CdSe/ZnS量子点

在多相体系中制得了CdSe/ZnS半导体量子点,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、电子透射显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对产物进行了表征,结果表明CaSe/CdS量子点尺寸均一、形貌规则,具有立方晶体结构.初步研究了此体系的反应机理,并通过紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对产物的光学性质进行了分析,结果表明在CASe量子点外面包覆一定厚度的ZnS壳层后,其激子发射强度和量子效率显著提高.     

One-pot/three-step synthesis of zinc-blende CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with thick shells

A one-pot/three-step synthetic scheme was developed for phase-pure epitaxy of CdS shells on zinc-blende CdSe nanocrystals to yield shells with up to sixteen monolayers.The key parameters for the epitaxy were identified,including the core nanocrystal concentration,solvent type/composition,quality of the core nanocrystals,epitaxial growth temperature,type/concentration of ligands,and composition of the precursors.Most of these key parameters were not influential when the synthetic goal was thin-shell CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals.The finalized synthetic scheme was reproducible at an almost quantitative level in terms of the crystal structure,shell thickness,and optical properties.     

水溶性量子点制备条件的优化及表面修饰

以L-半胱氨酸为稳定剂在水溶液中合成CdSe纳米粒子,研究了水浴时间、水浴温度、不同L-半胱氨酸/Cd/Se比例、pH值等因素对其荧光光谱的影响,确定了最佳的合成方案.用CdS对其表面进行修饰,采用透射电镜、X射线衍射、光谱法等表征了Cdse/CdS核壳结构颗粒的形成,结果表明该纳米粒子发光强度明显高于单一的CdSe量子点,光谱峰位置有所红移;合成条件会显著影响CASe/CAS核壳结构量子点的荧光性能.     

Synthesis and optical properties of CdS nanorods and CdSe nanocrystals using oleylamine as both solvent and stabilizer

CdS nanorods and CdSe nanocrystals were prepared via the one-pot synthesis approach in oleylamine (OLA) system. The OLA used in this process as both the solvent and stabilizer is favorable for probing capping mechanism and simplifying experimental steps. The growth process and characterization of cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results demonstrated OLA-capped CdS nanorods and CdSe nanocrystals were highly crystalline and had good optical properties.     

Study on the photoluminescence character of water-soluble CdSe nanocrystals under ambient conditions

Water soluble, thioglycolic acid (TGA) modified CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) have been prepared in aqueous media by the reaction between Cd2+ and NaHSe. Although initially these quantum dots (QDs) display photoluminescence (PL) with very low quantum yields (QY), upon prolonged exposure to ambient light, a strong PL enhancement by illumination is observed which leads to water soluble QDs with high luminescence. This result may have important application potential in biological or other fields. The primary reason for the luminescence enhancement is concluded to be the incorporation of sulfide ions from TGA into the lattice of CdSe NCs and the subsequent formation of alloy structures. Moreover, the CdSe/CdS core-shell structured QDs synthesized in aqueous solutions also consolidate this conclusion.