霍氏肠杆菌WM1产青霉素酶发酵条件的研究

采用霍氏肠杆菌WM1菌株液体发酵生产青霉素酶,研究了碳源、氮源、金属离子、培养基起始pH值、接种量和温度对菌株产青霉素酶活力的影响。结果表明,WM1的最适发酵温度为37℃,pH值为7.0,最佳接种量10%。在以2.0%葡萄糖为碳源、0.3%酵母粉为氮源、0.010%Mg2+时产酶活力最高,为1.15×104U(/mL.h)。     

高产蛋白酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件优化

从山西临汾汾河滩涂的表层土壤中分离到22株产蛋白酶菌株,用检测蛋白酶产生水解圈和蛋白酶活性测定相结合的方法,从中筛选出一株高产蛋白酶菌株P5,并通过正交试验对其产酶条件进行了研究。结果表明,影响P5菌株发酵产酶因素的主次顺序为培养温度、接种量、培养时间;影响P5菌株发酵培养基组成因素的主次顺序为氮源含量、起始pH值、碳源含量;确定的P5菌株的最佳产酶条件为,在以30 g/L葡萄糖为碳源,50 g/L蛋白胨为氮源,起始pH7.0的最适产酶培养基中,培养温度35℃,接种量为8%的条件下发酵培养48 h,具有最大产酶量,其蛋白酶活力可达129.2 U/mL。     

产胆盐水解酶BSH乳酸菌的鉴定及发酵条件优化

目的:鉴定降胆固醇和产胆盐水解酶的乳酸菌菌株,并通过优化发酵条件提高胆盐水解酶酶活.方法:对初步筛选的乳酸菌菌株Lp-1进行体外降胆固醇试验,采用PCR方法鉴定菌株中的胆盐水解酶基因,用16SrRNA方法鉴定该菌株,并对该菌株发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化.结果:乳酸菌菌株Lp-1具有体外降胆固醇功能,基因组中含有胆盐水解酶基因,其脱氧核糖核苷酸序列与已发表的胆盐水解酶基因同源性为98.9%;该菌株与已发表的植物乳杆菌16S rRNA同源性为99%;通过发酵条件优化,以葡萄糖为碳源,蛋白胨、酵母粉为氮源,碳氮比1∶1,初始pH 6.5,接种量7%,在37 ℃下培养14 h,胆盐水解酶酶活最高达到11.2 U/mL.结论:鉴定到1株植物乳杆菌Lp-1(Lactobacillius plantarum Lp-1),该菌含有胆盐水解酶基因,并产胆盐水解酶;发酵条件优化后该菌产胆盐水解酶活力比优化前提高6倍.     

食窦魏斯氏菌SJ-02产胞外多糖发酵工艺优化

采用响应面法对影响食窦魏斯氏菌SJ-02(Weissella cibaria SJ-02)产胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides,EPS)的发酵培养基组分和发酵条件进行优化。以EPS产量为指标,首先探究培养基中碳源、氮源对EPS产量的影响,结果表明,以MRS为基础培养基,维持2%葡萄糖不变、用1.5%大豆蛋白胨替代蛋白胨,可增加菌株SJ-02的EPS产量;在单因素试验基础上采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计对影响EPS产量的因素进行优化,获得菌株SJ-02产EPS的最适发酵条件:接种量3.00%、培养时间34h、培养温度37℃,在此条件下理论预测EPS产量为335.03 mg/L,验证实验测得EPS产量为331.47mg/L,比未优化前提高了17%。     

乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种T0625菌株产Nisin最佳培养条件的研究

对从大白菜叶片上分离得到的一株乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种T0625产乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)的适宜培养条件进行了研究.采用单因素分析法首先确定了T0625菌株在改良的M17G培养基中产Nisin的最适碳源、氮源、金属离子的种类,即:碳源为葡萄糖;氮源为蛋白胨、酵母膏和牛肉膏组成的混合氮源;金属离子为Mg2 .并确定了各成分的最适浓度.之后确定了装液量、接种量、起始pH和培养温度的最适指标.最终通过正交试验的方法,确定T0625产Nisin的最佳营养条件:葡萄糖2%、蛋白胨4%、酵母膏2%、牛肉膏1%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.003 mol/L、VC0.05%.T0625产Nisin的最佳发酵条件:装液量250 mL(250 mL三角瓶)、接种量7%、起始pH 6.5、35℃下发酵培养12 h.     

乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种高产胆盐水解酶发酵条件的优化研究

本文利用从藏灵菇中筛选的产胆盐水解酶的乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcuslactissubsp.lactis)研究提高酶活力的环境因素。针对主要影响胆盐水解酶合成的四个因素,采用四因素三水平L9(34)正交试验确定了高产胆盐水解酶优化发酵条件:葡萄糖添加量为3%、大豆蛋白胨添加量为2%、发酵温度为37℃、接种量为2%。在优化条件下,胆盐水解酶活力是优化前的11.84倍。     

1株产胞外葡萄糖氧化酶黑曲霉的液体发酵条件优化

从土壤中筛选得到1株产胞外葡萄糖氧化酶的黑曲霉菌株1504,通过诱变育种选育得到突变菌株UNⅡ021。为进一步提高产酶活力,对其培养基成分和培养条件进行优化,结果最佳培养基组成和培养条件为:以10%的葡萄糖为碳源,0.5%牛肉蛋白胨和0.5%硝酸钠为氮源,碳酸钙添加量30 g/L,培养基初始pH 5.2,接种量0.05(V/V),培养温度29℃,摇床转速240 r/min。在此条件下,培养4 d菌株UNⅡ021产葡萄糖氧化酶活力达到363.04 U/mL,是优化前的2.14倍。     

荧光假单胞菌AR4产2-酮基-D-葡萄糖酸发酵条件的研究

以淀粉水解糖为碳源,研究了不同氮源、碳氮比、金属离子、接种量以及环境因子(培养基起始pH值、通气量、温度)对抗噬菌体菌株荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)AR4产2-酮基-D-葡萄糖酸发酵的影响。结果表明,氮源、碳氮比、培养基的起始pH值、通气量及温度对该菌的产酸均有显著影响。在适宜培养条件下,该菌的摇瓶产酸及发酵转化率分别可达13.5%和90%左右。     

青霉菌P1木聚糖酶固态发酵研究

研究了青霉菌P1菌株产木聚糖酶的时间曲线，氮源组成，添加物，发酵起始pH值，接种量及发酵温度对产酶的影响。该菌经28℃培养4天，酶活力可达1353．5Iu／g干培养基。酶的最适反应温度为50℃，最适PH为4．6。该酶在50℃以下时热稳定性较高。     

碳氮源对酶法合成L-半胱氨酸的影响

以假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)TS1138为供试菌株,研究了在酶法转化DL-ATC合成L-半胱氨酸中碳氮源对酶源细胞酶活力的影响,确定了在产酶培养基中最适的碳源是葡萄糖,最适加入量为4.0%;最适的氮源是酵母粉、蛋白胨和尿素的组合,最适加入量分别是蛋白胨1.0%,酵母粉1.5%,尿素0.3%,酶源细胞的酶活力达到2679 U·mL-1.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the