7075铝合金半固态触变挤压件的显微组织和力学性能（英文）

通过触变挤压工艺对热挤压态7075铝合金深腔圆筒形零件进行成形，分析等温温度和保温时间对成形件显微组织和力学性能的影响。通过正交试验优化T6热处理工艺参数，研究T6热处理对成形件显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，通过触变挤压可以成功成形表面光滑的深腔圆筒形零件，成形温度和加热时间对成形件的金相组织有显著影响。T6热处理可以大大提高深腔圆筒形零件的力学性能，最优的T6热处理工艺参数为：465℃固溶16 h,150℃时效16 h。当半固态坯料在600℃加热10 min后，成形的深腔圆筒形零件具有最佳的综合力学性能，其极限抗拉强度为573.57 MPa，伸长率为13.44%，显微硬度为HV 187.12。     

轧制及退火工艺对C5071青铜带材组织与性能的影响

C5071青铜带材制备过程中,轧制工序不同道次加工率及中间去应力退火工艺对带材的组织与力学性能具有重要影响。结果表明,选取较小的加工率86.21%开坯粗轧至2.0 mm时,带材表面平整,无边裂缺陷及明显组织缺陷;中轧工序加工率为66.0%时,带材抗拉强度、延伸率及硬度合适,板型较平直。最优轧制工艺制备的0.5 mm成品分别在210、230和290℃温度下保温3.5 h进行低温退火处理,随着退火温度升高,成品抗拉强度由526 MPa降至500 MPa,延伸率由13.4%提高至17.2%。退火温度低,带材抗拉强度偏高;退火温度高,带材力学性能偏低,230℃×3.5 h退火后产品综合性能均位于技术要求中间范围。     

触变模锻成形工艺对镁合金成形件力学性能的影响

采用半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备AZ91D—Y镁合金半固态坯料。分别将3种状态的坯料加热到半固态温度区间进行二次重熔后,进行了触变模锻成形。结果表明,在半固态温度为560℃,模锻压力为200MPa的条件下,半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备坯料分别保温30,20,15min后触变模锻获得最佳力学性能;随着坯料加热温度的升高,触变模锻成形件力学性能呈现先上升后下降的趋势;增加成形压力有利于触变模锻成形件力学性能的提高;在相同成形条件下,等通道角挤压法制备坯料触变模锻后的力学性能最好,近液相线模锻法次之,半固态等温热处理法较差。     

半固态触变模锻7A04合金的力学性能

采用2000 kN压力机,对半固态7A04合金进行了触变模锻实验.结果表明:半固态触变模锻成形可以获得组织致密、轮廓清晰、充型完整的成形件;半固态触变模锻件的微观组织和力学性能与坯料的制备方法有关,采用SIMA法所获得的成形件的微观组织为晶粒细小、均匀的再结晶组织,因此其组织致密,在拉伸过程中部分晶粒发生塑性变形,断口中多处出现撕裂棱,其力学性能明显好于挤压态坯料;在加热温度为600℃、保温时间为10 min时SIMA坯料模锻件的伸长率和抗拉强度最高,接近于热挤压态棒料的力学性能,优于同等条件下挤压态合金的半固态模锻成形件,其抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高11.8％和78.5％.     

基于正交试验的G105钻杆强韧化工艺优化研究

采用正交试验法研究了淬火加热温度、淬火保温时间、回火加热温度和回火保温时间对26CrMoNbTiB钻杆用钢强韧性的影响.结果表明,回火加热温度对实验钢的强度和伸长率影响最大,淬火加热温度次之.当淬火温度为910℃、保温时间为35 min,回火温度和时间分别为590℃和65 min时,26CrMoNbTiB钢的屈服强度为898 MPa,抗拉强度为973 MPa,伸长率为17.4％,具有良好的综合力学性能.     

新SIMA制备坯料触变挤压AZ61镁合金零件的组织与性能(英文)

新应变诱导熔化激活法被用来制备高质量的AZ61镁合金半固态坯料。利用光学显微镜和拉伸实验,研究触变挤压成形零件的微观组织与力学性能。结果表明:当施加的压力为784MPa,保压时间为90s,模具温度为450℃时,半固态坯料能够完全充填模具型腔。与半固态等温处理方法相比,新SIMA法制备的半固态坯料触变挤压成形零件的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为300.5MPa和22%;并且成形零件的微观组织晶粒细小、组织均匀。随着等温处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长,成形零件的抗拉强度和伸长率先增加后降低。当挤压道次从1增加至4时,成形零件的抗拉强度和伸长率明显增加。     

触变挤压铜合金的力学性能

采用触变挤压工艺成形ZCuSn10P1铜合金轴套零件。通过单向拉伸试验和硬度试验测试了触变挤压铜合金的抗拉强度、延伸率、布氏硬度和显微硬度。利用扫描电镜观测了断口形貌并分析了断裂方式,研究了成形压力对触变挤压铜合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,抗拉强度随成形压力增加而先增加后降低;延伸率随成形压力增加而不断减小;成形压力与抗拉强度和延伸率的函数关系分别近似为抛物线和幂指数。触变挤压铜合金拉伸断裂方式为沿晶断裂和韧性断裂的混合型断裂。布氏硬度随成形压力增加而先增加后降低。相同工艺条件下,液相显微硬度值最高,固/液界面次之,固相最低;固相、固/液界面和液相的显微硬度均随成形压力增加而先增加后降低。触变挤压铜合金综合力学性能要高于常规铸造,较佳工艺参数为成形压力250 MPa、挤压速率15 mm/s,其抗拉强度、延伸率和布氏硬度分别为387 MPa、2.8%、1280 MPa。     

半固态触变反挤压锡青铜的组织演变和力学性能

对CuSn10P1铜合金进行半固态触变反挤压成形试验。研究冷轧变形量、等温温度及等温时间对CuSn10P1铜合金的微观组织演变和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：半固态触变反挤压能够有效地改善铜合金半固态成形件中的液相偏聚现象,冷轧变形量及等温处理工艺对半固态触变反挤压锡青铜微观组织和力学性能影响较大。随冷轧变形量的增加,平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,成形件的抗拉强度先升高后降低。随等温温度的升高和等温时间的延长,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,成形件的抗拉强度先升高后降低。当冷轧变形量30%、等温温度900℃、等温时间20 min时,半固态触变反挤压CuSn10P1铜合金成形件的组织和性能较好且各部位均匀。     

触变挤压铜合金力学性能研究

采用触变挤压工艺成形ZCuSn10P1铜合金轴套零件,通过单向拉伸实验和硬度实验研究了触变挤压铜合金的抗拉强度、延伸率、布氏硬度和显微硬度,利用扫描电镜观测了断口形貌并分析了断裂方式,分析了成形比压对触变挤压铜合金力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,抗拉强度随成形比压增加而先增加后降低。延伸率随成形比压增加而不断减小。成形比压与抗拉强度和延伸率的函数关系分别为抛物线和幂指数。触变挤压铜合金拉伸断裂方式为沿晶断裂和韧性断裂的混合型断裂。布氏硬度随成形比压增加而先增加后降低。相同工艺条件时,液相显微硬度值最高,固液界面次之,固相最低。固相、固液界面和液相的显微硬度均随成形比压增加而先增加后降低。触变挤压铜合金综合力学性能要高于常规铸造,较佳工艺参数为成形比压250 MPa、挤压速率15 mm/s,其抗拉强度、延伸率和布氏硬度分别为387 MPa、2.8%、128 HBW。     

镁合金与钢接触反应钎焊工艺研究

采用厚度为30μm的纯Cu箔作为中间层接触反应钎焊AZ31B镁合金和Q235钢,研究加热温度和保温时间对AZ31B镁合金/Q235钢钎焊接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在有效的工艺参数条件下,接头界面反应区产物主要为Mg固溶体、Mg_2Cu、Al Mg;加热温度为570℃,保温时间为30 min时,钎焊接头抗拉强度达到最大值122.6 MPa,加热温度和保温时间过高或过低,均导致抗拉强度下降,加热温度570℃,保温时间为30 min时钎焊接头断裂方式为典型的韧性断裂。     

Reheating microstructure of refined AZ91D magnesium alloy in semi-solid state

By means of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) test, upsetting test and metalloseope, reheating mierostruetures of raw casting ingots, materials prepared by SIMA and materials extruded by ECAE in semi-solid state were investigated. The results show that compared with those of raw casting ingots and materials prepared by SIMA, reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE is the best and the final grain size is the finest. With increasing holding time, a growing phenomenon occurs in reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE, which can be described by Ostwald ripening law. The average grain size increases firstly, subsequently decreases and the shape factor of grains approaches to 1 as the reheating temperature increases. With increasing equivalent strain, the average grain size decreases. This demonstrates that reheating material extruded by ECAE technology is a good method to prepare AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billets.     

Reheating and thixoforging of ZK60+RE alloy deformed by ECAE

The two-pass equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process was introduced into strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) to predeform a ZK60 alloy with rare earth (RE) addition. Microstructure evolution of ECAE-formed ZK60+RE alloy during reheating was investigated. Furthermore, tensile properties of thixoforged components were determined. The results show that the SIMA process can produce ideal microstructures, and spheroidized solid particles with little entrapped liquid can be obtained. With prolonging hold...     

二次加热过程中半固态AZ31镁合金的显微组织演变

利用波浪形倾斜板振动技术制备AZ31镁合金半固态坯料,获得较为理想的球形或近球形晶粒组织。结果表明:随二次加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,半固态组织中的液相体积分数增大,固相逐渐长大并球化;AZ31镁合金580℃和610℃时二次加热组织均不适合半固态触变成形;适合触变成形的二次加热最优工艺为590℃保温40～60 min、或者600℃保温30 min;此条件下获得的平均晶粒直径为58～61μm,固相率为87%(体积分数)左右。晶格扩散机制对二次加热原子扩散起主导作用,是造成合金固相颗粒尺寸变化的根本原因;固液界面张力是造成颗粒形状球形或近球形变化的重要原因。     

REHEATING TEMPERATURE CONTRAST AND MICROSTRUCTURES OF 7075 A1 ALLOY CAST BY LIQUIDUS SEMI-CONTINUOUS CASTING

In this study, reheating of liquidus semi-continuous east billets of 7075 Al alloy wascarried out in a resistance furnace, and the temperature contrast of the outer andthe center of the reheated billets was investigated, then the reheating microstructureswere investigated. Results show that: the difference of temperature between the outerand center is small and the difference of their microstructures are also small. Dur-ing reheating at 576° C the spheroidization of grains is significant after 5rain and norosettes are visible after 20min by optical microscopy. Similar observations were madeon materials reheated at 596° C, but the ripening process is faster. The grains growup to 30-60pm, fine enough for thixoforming.     

Influence of slab reheating practice on the microstructural evolution and toughness behavior of quenched and tempered plates of medium carbon microalloyed steel

In the current study, granular bainite was found to be the major component in the microstructure of air cooled 80 mm thick plates of medium carbon microalloyed steel. The second constituent in this granular bainite was identified as cementite. It was further observed that (1) ferrite lath size and (2) amount of cementite in granular bainite varied with slab reheating time before plate rolling. Smaller ferrite laths and a lesser amount of cementite were found in the plate processed with the longer slab reheating time of 26 h. Contrary to this, very large sized ferrite laths and a larger population of cementite were formed in the plate processed with the shorter slab reheating time of 4 h. Subsequent quenching and tempering of these plates favored the formation of lower bainite and tempered martensite in the plate with 26 h slab reheating time. On the other hand, upper bainite and coarser cementite were formed after the quenching and tempering of the plate with 4 h of slab reheating time. The influence of different microstructures, formed due to varied slab reheating time, on the toughness property of tempered plates was evaluated under different test conditions. In tensile test and fracture toughness testing of thinner specimens, a ductile mode of fracture was observed, irrespective of varied microstructures in the tempered plates. However, in the three-point bend test of full thickness specimens, the mode of fracture was ductile in the tempered plate with 26 h slab reheating time, while the tempered plate from the slab with 4 h reheating time gave rise to a predominantly brittle mode of fracture. These observations showed that the toughness property of these tempered plates was sensitive to the microstructure only under the specific condition, which prevailed during the three-point bend test of full thickness specimens. Under this condition, coarse cementite and upper bainite became prone to cracking resulting in a lower toughness of the tempered plate associated with lower slab reheating time.     

固液混合铸造Al-Mn合金坯料的重熔处理

采用固液混合铸造技术制备了Al-Mn合金坯料，对坯料进行了重熔水淬处理。对合金显微组织和硬度的研究表明，重熔处理后Al—Mn合金中析出的Al-Mn相圆整、均匀，且随着重熔温度的升高，析出相尺寸变大；并且Al—20Mn合金的硬度由固液混合铸造的91HB增加到重熔处理后的193HB。在重熔初期，Al-Mn合金中粗大的析出相能有效地碎裂、细化，因此重熔处理可成为改善Al-Mn合金组织和固液混合铸造触变成形的重要工艺环节。     

一种新型低成本阻燃钛合金的微观组织与力学性能

研究了一种名义成分为Ti-25V-15Cr-5Mo-0.25Si-0.08C的新型低成本阻燃钛合金TF-X,通过三次真空自耗熔炼制备了φ120mm铸锭,经包套挤压得到φ25mm棒材,观察了铸锭和挤压棒材的微观组织,测试并分析了挤压棒材的室温和高温拉伸性能、热稳定性能、高温蠕变性能。结果表明：TF-X合金具有与TF550合金大致相同的微观组织;TF-X合金室温及高温拉伸强度高于TF550合金,并且具有很好的塑性;试验条件下,TF-X合金的热稳定性能低于TF550合金,熔炼过程中应该严格控制氧含量;TF-X合金在540℃/250MPa/100h条件下蠕变性能与TF550合金相当,显著高于Ti40合金。     

Effects of deformation on microstructures and properties of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr alloy

Warm extrusion of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr from 100 ℃ to 600 ℃ was investigated. The effects of different extrusion ratios and different extrusion temperatures on microstructures and properties of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr were studied. The microstructures of the extruded Cu-5%Cr were characterized by backscattered electron irnages（BSE） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The mechanical properties of the extruded Cu-5%Cr were measured by means of microhardness and tension test. The results show that, the deformation, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of the extruded Cu-5%Cr are mainly produced in Cu matrix. The higher extrusion ratio leads to more uniform microstructure and finer Cu grains. When being extruded in the range of 100-600 ℃, dynamic recovery of Cu is the dominant process, and dynamic recrystallization of Cu occurred above 300 ℃ is far from end. The most part of microstructure of as-extruded Cu-5%Cr is subcrystaUines produced by dynamic recovery, only a few recrystallines exist, and the average size of these grains is not larger than 400 nm. With extrusion temperature rising, the tensile strength and microhardness of Cu-5%Cr decrease, and elongation increases gradually.     

Squeeze casting of aluminium alloys for higher formability in cold forging

Abstract

This research project investigated the process conditions of using squeeze casting process to produce aluminium alloy preforms or billets for subsequent cold forging process. The comparative effects of heat treatments, their microstructures and mechanical properties were evaluated. Through these studies and experiments, the main emphasis is on the study of commercial material Al 6061, Al 2014 and Al 356 alloys. The formability of the alloys was carried out using forward and backward extrusion test at 50% area reduction at room temperature (cold extrusion). It was found that when wrought aluminium 6061, 2014 and 356 alloys were squeeze cast to form the preforms, the preform microstructures revealed very fine microstructures that are feasible to be cold extruded. In addition, after thermal annealing treatment of 6061 squeeze cast preforms, the samples showed a similar value of work hardening exponent value of 0˙20 as compared to the wrought aluminium alloy 6061, with a workhardening exponent value of 0˙21 obtained from the static compression test. Wrought aluminium alloys generally cost twice the amount as compared with casting ingots. The microstructures of the squeeze cast 6061 alloy showed no visible cracks or inclusions after the deformation by extrusion. The results of the studies showed that Al 6061 preforms via squeeze cast technique may be cold extruded or formed, which provide an alternative means for the production of billets for the cold extrusion or forging process.     

Induction heating of semisolid billet and control of globular microstructure to prevent coarsening phenomena

An important step in the thixoforming process is the induction heating of the raw materials to the semisolid state. Using this technology, the process behavior is satisfactory from the point of view of reproducibility and temperature control. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to define the correct relationship between coil length and billet length for uniform induction heating and to present the optimal reheating conditions suitable for the thixoforming process (or to secure a fine globular microstructure without liquid segregation). The optimal inductive coil on the induction heating process of semisolid billet machined to 76 mm diameter and 90 mm length to reduce the temperature gradient of the billet and to obtain the globular microstructure was theoretically designed and the suitability of the designed coil dimensions verified by reheating experiments. The globular microstructures of semisolid billet in heating and holding processes were controlled to prevent the coarsening phenomena of Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg alloy and to apply to the thixoforming process. In addition, the effects of the history of processing and induction heating parameters such as reheating time, holding time, holding temperatures, capacity of the induction heating system, and adiabatic material size on the globularization were investigated. It was concluded that in the case of a three-step reheating process, the final holding time is the most important factor and 2 min is suitable to maintain a globular microstructure.