Fenton试剂对聚偏氟乙烯膜的改性研究

采用n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2 )=12的Fenton试剂对聚偏氟乙烯膜进行改性,结果表明,改性后的聚偏氟乙烯膜的渗透通量由26.7 L/(m2.h)提高到103.2 L/(m2.h),膜表面水接触角由75°降为58.5°,黏附功由91.64 mN/m提高到110.84 mN/m,Ji/J0由48.8%提高到69.3%,衰减系数由51.2%降至30.9%,膜的亲水性能和耐污染性能得到显著提高.     

聚偏氟乙烯纤维网的制备及性能表征

探讨二甲基甲酰胺/丙酮的质量比对所制备聚偏氟乙烯纤维网物理性能的影响。采用静电纺丝工艺制备聚偏氟乙烯纤维网,并测试其微观形貌、结晶度、热性能、防紫外线性能、强伸性能和透气性能。结果表明:二甲基甲酰胺/丙酮为10/0时,形成致密无孔的聚偏氟乙烯膜;随着混合溶剂中丙酮含量的增加,形成具有孔隙的聚偏氟乙烯纤维网,且纤维网的防紫外线性能、透气性能以及热稳定性能显著提高;当二甲基甲酰胺/丙酮为0/10时,无法成网;当二甲基甲酰胺/丙酮为7/3时,聚偏氟乙烯纤维网拥有高的结晶度、强力。认为:在聚偏氟乙烯纤维网的实际应用过程中,可根据不同的性能需求来选择合适的溶剂配比。     

改性聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维分离膜的研制

本实验采用干-湿相转化法制备聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）中空纤维血液分离膜,通过在铸膜液中引入聚乙烯醇(PVA)与戊二醛反应交联物,改善膜材料的亲水性。研究了PVDF浓度、PEG含量等对膜性能的影响。结果表明,改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)血液分离膜的亲水性明显提高,接触角从70.2。降至54.5。,水通量从85.4L/(h.m2)-1提高到189.4L/(h.m2)-1,蛋白吸附性量则从92mg/m2降至27mg/m2,有较好的化学稳定性。随着PVDF浓度的增加,膜的拉伸性能增强,破裂压增大,水通量和膜分离孔径减小;随着PEG含量的提高,膜的机械性能变化不大,水通量明显提高。     

PVDF膜的性能测定及其在造纸废水处理中的应用

本文将自制聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜与市场商品膜比较,测定了膜的纯水通量和截留率,并将其应用于卫生纸厂和文化纸厂废水处理。试验发现:在室温、及压力为0.2MPa的条件下,自制PVDF膜的纯水通量为54 L/(m2.h),相对于分子量为20000的葡聚糖20的截留率为89.52%;通过测定两种废水过滤后的三项指标(COD、BOD5、SS)发现,自制膜处理效果相对较好。     

溶液化学特性对果聚糖在聚偏氟乙烯膜上吸附的影响

活性污泥体系中存在产生果聚糖的诸多微生物,研究其在膜表面的吸附行为有利于控制膜生物反应器中的膜污染.结果表明,果聚糖在聚偏氟乙烯膜上的吸附可在60 min内达平衡.随溶液pH值的增大,果聚糖吸附量先降低后增加,在pH=7.0处取得最小值,为20 mg/m2.而吸附量随离子强度的变化趋势则是先增加后降低,在离子强度为0.004处取得最大值,为39 mg/m2.果聚糖在聚偏氟乙烯膜表面的吸附等温线遵循兰格缪尔方程,并给出了不同溶液化学条件的吸附自由能.果聚糖与聚偏氟乙烯膜之间的吸附可能受静电力和范德华力的共同作用,且吸附是可逆的.     

渗透汽化原位分离耦合拜氏梭菌丁醇发酵的研究

以筛选得到的聚二甲基硅氧烷（polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS）-聚偏氟乙烯（polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF）复合膜为分离用膜,开展了拜氏梭菌（Clostridium beijerinckii）ZL01丁醇发酵与渗透汽化原位分离耦合的研究,结果表明：分批发酵-渗透汽化原位分离耦合与分批发酵相比,初始葡萄糖质量浓度从50 g/L提高至90 g/L;在90 g/L的初始葡萄糖质量浓度下,发酵结束时发酵液和渗透液中的丁醇总产量从13.2 g/L提高到16.9 g/L,总溶剂（丙酮（acetone）、丁醇（butanol）、乙醇（ethanol）,简称ABE）产量从17.8 g/L提高到24.3 g/L,葡萄糖利用率从59.4%提高到95.7%。另外,分离过程中膜的总渗透通量平均为705 g/（m2·h）,丁醇分离因子平均为19.0;经渗透汽化分离,渗透液可直接进入下一步蒸馏阶段,其中丁醇和总溶剂ABE质量浓度分别为178 g/L和292 g/L,与分批发酵工艺中发酵液直接进入蒸馏塔相比,丁醇和总溶剂ABE质量浓度分别提高了10.9 倍和14.1 倍,可大大降低蒸馏能耗。     

PES/PVDF共混中空纤维膜的研制

研究了聚醚砜 (PES) 聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)共混膜的结构与性能。PES PVDF共混铸膜液属部分相容体系 ,其共混比、添加剂用量对膜的通量与截留率有重要影响。实验结果表明 ,当PES PVDF的共混比为 7∶3、添加剂聚乙二醇 40 0 (PEG40 0 )的用量为 3%时 ,膜的综合性能最优。     

聚偏氟乙烯光致热纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

为解决减压膜蒸馏过程中温度极化现象造成膜渗透通量下降的问题,以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为成膜聚合物,引入具有红外致热效应的功能性纳米掺锑二氧化锡(ATO),采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVDF/ATO纳米纤维膜,并对其进行热压处理优化纤维结构和孔径,然后探讨ATO质量分数、热压温度对纤维膜结构和性能的影响,并测试了红外辐照下纤维膜的致热效果和膜蒸馏性能。结果表明:PVDF/ATO纳米纤维膜经170 ℃热压处理后,具有更优异的综合性能;当ATO质量分数为3%时,PVDF/ATO纳米纤维膜经120 s红外辐照后,表面温度升高了40 ℃以上,其膜蒸馏渗透通量相对于原膜从12 L/(m ²·h)提高到22 L/(m ²·h),并且在5 h运行时间内,截盐率保持在99%以上。     

针织物复合中空超滤膜的制备与研究

采用狭缝涂覆的方法在管状针织物表面涂覆聚偏氟乙烯铸膜液,制备出针织物增强PVDF复合膜,并讨论了该复合膜的水通量以及力学性能。结果表明：针织物增强PVDF复合膜渗透性能良好,水通量稳定在290 L/m2.h;具有针织物增强体的PVDF膜力学性能显著增加,说明通过复合管状针织物可使PVDF膜的力学性能得到改善,有助于PVDF膜的推广应用。     

PU/PVDF防水透气共混膜的制备及性能研究

采用静电纺丝法制备聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯(PU/PVDF)共混纳米纤维膜,研究PU、PVDF质量分数、溶剂体积配比、溶质质量比对纳米纤维形貌、直径及膜性能的影响,探索共混纤维膜较优制备工艺。结果表明:共混纳米纤维膜较优制备工艺为静电纺丝电压14 kV、接收距离10 cm、纺丝液质量分数12%、溶剂体积配比N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/丙酮为4/6、溶质质量比PU/PVDF为7/3,此条件下可获得具有较优防水透气性能和力学性能的共混膜。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press