具有范围选择的传感网络再编程协议算法研究

已有的传感网络再编程协议大多假定网络中所有节点是同类的,运行同一版本的应用程序,而实际网络节点是异类的。提出了一种新的具有范围选择的再编程协议,该协议变传统的ADV-REQ-DATA三次握手该协议为路由形成、代码传送、请求丢失包三个阶段协议,有效地降低了参与代码转发的中间节点数;中间转发节点通过获取一跳范围内希望接收更新代码数据的节点序列,采取单播或组播方式有针对性传送更新代码,而不是泛洪式的广播,减少了REQ确认信息包,并能统计出参与代码更新的同类节点数和参与代码转发的异类中间节点数。性能分析与模拟实验表明:该协议在平均延时、能量消耗等方面优于传统的Aqueduct。     

一种能量有效的基于虚拟骨干网的WSN范围选择再编程协议

提出了一种能量有效的具有范围选择的网络再编程协议.该协议首先根据要更新的应用程序、节点的剩余能量、有效度数和节点间的链路质量,选出合适的核心节点,创建虚拟骨干网.然后分两个阶段实现数据传输.在第一阶段软件影像由Sink节点通过流水线的方式,先传输给核心节点;在第二阶段由核心节点并行传输到需要的普通节点.有效地减少了参与再编程的节点数,节省了能量,实现了范围选择.另外,引进协调的睡眠机制,进一步降低节点的能量消耗.性能分析与仿真实验表明:与协议ThreeStages和Aqueduct相比,本协议节省了大约5.6％～24.8％的平均延时和5.1％ ～27.7％的能量消耗.     

适用于水声传感网络的多链路传输MAC协议

针对水声传感网络存在的高时延、低信道利用率等问题,提出一种新的多链路传输介质访问控制协议.该协议节点通过RTS/CTS握手协议交互时延信息和传输计划,实现多条链路传输数据.在汇聚节点接收多个节点的数据时,汇聚节点根据节点的时延和接收的数据帧大小规划节点之间的发送顺序,避免传输冲突造成的能量损失和低信道利用率,同时为得到...     

无线传感器网络基于权值的极小支配集路由算法

在无线传感器网络设计中,为节约系统能量、延长网络寿命,提出了基于权值极小支配集路由算法(Minimal dominating set with weight,WMDS).该算法的路由搜索主要集中在生成的支配集及网关节点内.当网络中少数节点发生变化时,只需个别相关节点更新它们的状态,不需要网络中所有节点重新计算支配集.考虑到网络内传感器节点能量分布均衡,各节点可以轮换充当支配点,支配点的数据融合可以减少传输信息包的数量.仿真实验表明,WMDS算法能得到较小的支配集,从而有效减少网络广播过程中的转发节点数,节省了网络资源.路由算法明显减少了信息包传输的数量,均衡了各节点的能量消耗,有效地延长了网络的寿命.     

基于网络效率的线性无线传感器网络优化部署算法

基于多跳的无线传感器网络,靠近sink的传感器节点因需要转发更多的数据,其能量消耗较多,从而在sink周围形成"能量空洞".采用更符合实际的单位部署成本的网络寿命,即网络效率作为优化目标.在仅已知网络规模和节点感知半径r的情况下,如何通过有效的节点部署来避免"能量空洞"并使网络效率最大,是一个极具挑战性的研究课题.提出了一种高效节点部署算法,求解出了最优工作节点数、最佳中继节点部署方案、最优节点传输距离.理论分析与模拟实验结果表明,算法不仅能够避免"能量空洞",而且相对于已有均匀与非均匀算法都能有效提高网络效率,因此该算法对构建低成本的无线传感网络应用系统具有重要意义.     

ZigBee传感网络Cluster-Tree改进路由算法研究

ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络是基于分布式地址分配的一种支持拓扑变化、节点移动的新型无线传感网络,拥有强大的自组网能力.针对ZigBee网络的Cluster-Tree算法对簇首能量要求高及节点间非最佳路由的问题,结合节点能量分析提出新的簇首产生办法,并结合AODVjr算法的思路来寻求节点间的最佳路由.仿真结果表明,改进的算法能够有效地提高数据发送成功率,降低网络中的死亡节点数,减小端到端的报文传输时延,提高网络的使用价值.     

基于水压的水下传感网络的选播路由协议

在水下传感网络中,由于传感节点的移动以及节点带宽和能量受限,设计从移动节点至声纳浮标的有效选播路由协议存在挑战.为此,提出一种基于水压的水下传感网络的选播路由HPAR(Hydraulic-Pressure-based Anycast Routing)协议.HPAR协议通过水压决策路由,并依据数据包权重,择优选择下一跳转发节点.当传感节点需要传输数据包时,HPAR协议就利用数据包优先权值ADV(ADVancement)构建候选转发集,再利用归一化的权值NADV(Normalized ADVance)评估候选转发集内节点成为下一跳节点的"适度性",然后,将候选转发集划分不同的簇,使得簇内的节点均在彼此的通信范围内,再计算每个簇的期望权值EPA(Expected Packet Advanced),具有最大EPA的簇成为下一跳转发簇,最后,再利用定时器抑制冗余数据包数,并优化定时参数.仿真结果表明,提出的HPAR协议有效地提高数据包传输率、降低冗余数据包数.     

自组网中一种基于能量均衡的选择性洪泛路由算法

自组网中常用的洪泛路由协议采用全网节点转发方式,可能导致广播风暴,另一方面,无能量控制的广播会使某些剩余能量较少的节点快速失效。提出一种基于能量均衡的选择性洪泛路由算法EBSBA(Energy-Balance for Selective Broadcast Algorithm),根据邻居节点剩余能量多少动态调整传输范围,选择具有额外覆盖周长的邻居节点进行转发。仿真结果表明EBSBA算法可以有效地降低转发节点数,同时均衡节点的能量消耗。     

基于ZigBee的无线传感网络Cluster-Tree算法研究

ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络是基于分布式地址分配的一种支持拓扑变化、节点移动的新型无线传感网络,拥有强大的自组网能力。针对ZigBee网络的Cluster-Tree算法对簇首能量要求高及节点间非最佳路由的问题,结合节点能量分析提出新的簇首产生办法,并结合AODVjr算法的思路来寻求节点间的最佳路由。仿真结果表明,改进的算法能够有效地提高数据发送成功率,降低网络中的死亡节点数,减小端到端的报文传输时延,提高网络的使用价值。     

基于AODV的能量优化路由协议

对AODV路由协议进行改进,提出了基于AODV的能量优化路由协议(EO-AODV).进行了节点的剩余能量的考虑,根据节点的剩余能量对RREQ延迟进行了调节,并采用了避免路由失效算法,利用节点最近一次传递过数据分组的时间作为约束条件对RREQ的洪泛广播进行了优化.仿真结果表明,和AODV路由协议相比,降低了网络的能量消耗并减少了耗尽能量的节点数,延长了网络的生存时间.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。