Cross-phase-modulation-induced nonlinear phase noise in WDM direct-detection DPSK systems

In direct-detection differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) systems, the signal-spontaneous emission beat noise introduces phase noise due to Kerr nonlinearity. In wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems, this nonlinear phase noise comes not only from the channel itself through self-phase modulation (SPM) but also from the other channels through cross-phase modulation (XPM). In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally investigate XPM-induced nonlinear phase noise. We calculate the performance degradation of DPSK systems caused by XPM-induced nonlinear phase noise in addition to SPM-induced phase noise and experimentally verify it using a 600-km nonzero-dispersion-shifted-fiber link.     

Effect of semiconductor laser phase noise on BER performance in an optical DPSK heterodyne-type experiment

We report the first experimental investigation of the effect of laser-diode phase noise on the error-rate performance in a PSK heterodyne differential detection fibre communication experiment. A newly designed AlGaAs laser emitter with adjustable linewidth is used as both the signal carrier and the local oscillator. Error rate is measured for 25 Mbit/s and 50 Mbit/s signals at an intermediate frequency of 250 MHz, and a BER (bit error rate) of 10?10 has been achieved.     

Simplifying the error probability analysis in optical direct detection DPSK systems

This letter describes a rigorous formulation based on an eigenfunction expansion technique to estimate the performance of optical direct detection DSPK systems and discusses appropriate procedures to simplify the process without solving any eigenvalue problem. A great emphasis is put on an approach derived from the wide-band optical filtering assumption. The results show that this simplification is acceptable for ideal receivers with time-bandwidth products far larger than 1, but it is clearly inadequate for more realistic receivers.     

高速光纤通信中的光纤放大器及其发展

光纤放大器是高速光纤通信中的重要器件之一,文章综述了掺铒光纤放大器、掺铥光纤放大器、喇曼放大器、布里渊放大器、参量放大器以及混合光纤放大器等的工作原理、结构和工作特性,并对今后的发展方向进行了讨论.     

BER performance with soft and hard decision decoder for coherentoptical DPSK systems corrupted by phase noise

The performance of coherent optical communication systems is significantly degraded by semiconductor laser phase noise. A rate 1/2, constraint length K=7, convolutional error correcting code with Viterbi decoding is used to improve a 3.5-10 Mbit/s DPSK system. Error correcting coding demonstrates the reduction of the influence of phase noise on BER performance, and significantly lowers the BER floor. Soft decision decoding and hard decision decoding performance is investigated and compared     

光纤光栅在高速光通信系统中的新应用

光纤光栅以其独特的优点，广泛应用于高速光通信系统中，为此介绍了光纡光栅作为EDFA增益均衡器、色散补偿器和偏振模色散补偿器等在高速光纤通信系统中的应用，分别研究了它们的原理，特点及发展状况。     

Compensation improvement of DPSK signal with nonlinear phase noise

When nonlinear phase noise is compensated by the received intensity, simple formulas are derived for the error probability of differential phase-shift keying signals. Simulation is conducted to verify the error probability. The tolerance of nonlinear phase noise is doubled by the compensator, allowing doubling of the transmission distance if nonlinear phase noise is the dominant impairment.     

准线性光传输系统的非线性噪声研究

采用一阶摄动理论分析了准线性光传输系统的非线性相位噪声,在此基础上得出中置光学相位共轭器的准线性光传输系统的非线性相位噪声的方差的理论表达式,并围绕理论推导得出的非线性相位噪声的性能参数进行数值计算。计算结果表明在光放大器和传输系统的终点到光学相位共轭器等距的情况下,采用光学相位共轭器的色散补偿光传输系统可以完全消除非线性相位噪声对非线性系数的一阶影响。     

Parametric-gain approach to the analysis of single-channel DPSK/DQPSK systems with nonlinear phase noise

This paper presents a novel method based on a parametric gain (PG) approach to study the impact of nonlinear phase noise in single-channel dispersion-managed differentially phase-modulated systems. This paper first shows through Monte Carlo simulations that the received amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise statistics, before photodetection, can be reasonably assumed to be Gaussian, provided a sufficiently large chromatic dispersion is present in the transmission fiber. This paper then evaluates in a closed form the ASE power spectral density by linearizing the interaction between a signal and a noise in the limit of a distributed system. Even if the received ASE is nonstationary in time due to pulse shape and modulation, this paper shows that it can be approximated by an equivalent stationary process, as if the signal were continuous wave (CW). This paper then applies the CW-equivalent ASE model to bit-error-rate evaluation by using an extension of a known Karhunen-Loe/spl acute/ve method for quadratic detectors in colored Gaussian noise. Such a method avoids calculation of the nonlinear phase statistics and accounts for intersymbol interference due to a nonlinear waveform distortion and optical and electrical postdetection filtering. This paper compares binary and quaternary schemes with both nonreturn- and return-to-zero (RZ) pulses for various values of nonlinear phases and bit rates. The results confirm that PG deeply affects the system performance, especially with RZ pulses and with quaternary schemes. This paper also compares ON-OFF keying (OOK) differential phase-shifted keying (DPSK) systems, showing that the initial 3-dB advantage of DPSK is lost for increasing nonlinear phases because DPSK is less robust to PG than OOK.     

Nonlinear distortions and noise in optical communication systems due to fiber connectors

The transmission characteristics of optical fiber connectors are analyzed in detail in order to calculate nonlinear distortions and noise due to instable speckle patterns. The fluctuation amplitude of the transmission loss and its sensitivity, with respect to a wavelength shift of the laser source, are determined for coherent and partially coherent laser sources. Nonlinear distortions due to fiber connectors yield a second-order harmonic distortion of typically -36 dB for a single-longitudinal mode injection laser, and typically -65 dB for a multimode laser. The noise performance has also been estimated for both low frequency and high frequency fluctuations.     

Background noise in optical communication systems

The origin and magnitude of the several kinds of background noise that perturb optical communication receivers are discussed, including background radiation sources viewed directly, radiation reflected from background objects, and radiation scattered by the atmosphere into the receiver field of view. An extensive bibliography on this topic is presented.     

高速光纤通信系统中一阶偏振模色散自动补偿技术的研究

偏振模色散(PMD)对10Gbit/s及更高速率的光纤通信系统的影响已不可忽略，因此PMD的补偿技术成为研究的热点问题。本文分析并通过实验验证了PMD引起的脉冲展宽对接收信号频谱的影响，在此基础上提出了一种PMD的补偿技术。在用保偏光纤模拟PMD效应的10Gbit/s的传输线路中实现了一阶PMD的自动补偿。     

Performance of coherent DPSK free-space optical communication systems in K-distributed turbulence

Closed-form solutions for the bit-error rate of a freespace, heterodyne optical communication system is derived when the optical beam is subjected to K-distributed optical turbulence. It is assumed that the scintillation index is confined to the range (2,3) or that the number of scatterers in the propagation path is a random variable.     

BER performance of turbo-coded PPM CDMA systems on optical fiber

We obtain upper bounds on the bit error rate (BER) for turbo-coded optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems using pulse position modulation (PPM). We use transfer function bounding techniques to obtain these bounds, so our results correspond to the average bound over all interleavers of a given length. We consider parallel concatenated coding (PCC) schemes that use recursive convolutional codes as constituent codes. We consider systems using an avalanche photodiode (APD), and treat APD noise, thermal noise, and multi-user interference using a Gaussian approximation. We compare the performance of turbo-coded systems with that of BCH-coded systems with soft-decision decoding, and that of concatenated coding systems with outer Reed-Solomon (RS) code and inner convolutional code. We show that turbo-coded systems have better performance than BCH-coded systems. We also show that concatenated systems have better performance than turbo-coded systems when the block length is small and the received laser power is somewhat large     

Probability of error for optical heterodyne DPSK system with quantum phase noise

An expression is derived for the probability of error in an optical heterodyne DPSK system, subject to shot noise and quantum phase noise of the optical sources. Results are given for the maximum linewidth of the transmit and local optical sources to satisfy a given degradation in optical receiver sensitivity.     

相干光OFDM通信系统中的IQ补偿和相位估计

文章首先研究了相干光OFDM(正交频分复用)通信系统中的线性损耗,包括IQ(同相/正交相)不平衡以及线性相位噪声;提出了一种DA(基于决策)的不需要周期性地插入训练数据的方法.计算机仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可以有效估计并补偿这两类线性损耗;在此基础上,提出了一种在考虑信道色散噪声的情况下,联合补偿IQ不平衡和线性相位噪声的新算法.     

高速光纤通信中的CRC-32算法的研究与实现

循环冗余校验CRC广泛用于各种数字通信中用以提高传输数据的可靠性,是通信领域最为常用的一种校验算法。针对高速的光纤通信,给出了一种参数模型可设置的32位CRC用于其数据校验,采用VHDL语言对算法完成建模与实现,并以ALTERA公司开发的EDA工具QuartusII9.1作为编译、仿真平台进行了仿真验证。电路的综合仿真结果表明,该设计完全满足高速,大容量的光纤通信数据校验要求。     

Modal noise and optical feedback in high-speed optical systems at 0.85 ?m

The most critical interferences in optical broadband communication systems at 0.85 ?m are the modal noise in a graded-index fibre and the feedback problems in d.h. semiconductor lasers. Experiments with these two phenomena in a high-speed digital transmission system are described.     

强度调制高速光通信系统传输性能研究

码型调制格式是提高通信传输质量的一项关键技术,针对高速光传输系统中码型调制格式及其传输性能进行理论分析,重点研究了强度调制格式在高速光传输系统中的性能;通过光通信仿真软件搭建强度调制格式的产生装置,得到各种调制格式的光谱,对强度调制格式在系统中抗色散能力和抗非线性能力进行了研究和分析.     

Recent advances in coherent optical fiber communication systems

Research and development of coherent optical fiber communications have been accelerated mainly because of the possibility of receiver sensitivity improvement reaching 20 dB, and partly because of the possibility of frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) with very fine frequency separation. In this paper, recent advances in the research on coherent optical fiber communication systems are reviewed, with emphasis on those reported in the past two years. The bit-error rate measurements so far reported are classified and investigated in four categories: PCM-ASK, PCM-FSK, PCM-PSK, and PCM-DPSK. The states-of-the-art of polarization-state stabilization techniques is also discussed.