我国耐火制品模具发展概况

叙述了耐火制品模具的发展、性能要求及技术经济比较。使用较广、技术经济效果较好的三种模具是：①碳钢气体碳氮共渗（稀土共渗）模具；②硬质合金和钢结硬质合金模具；③高铬铸铁模具     

轮胎模具低温气体碳氮共渗微变形技术的应用及其试验

通过对轮胎活络模具分别作传统氮化工艺技术和低温气体碳氮共渗微变形工艺技术的试验研究,获得了大量试验数据,证明了低温气体碳氮共渗微变形工艺技术不但能明显提高模具的表面硬度、耐磨性和抗腐蚀性能,尤其其废品率由15%～20%降低到5%,能耗降低20%～30%。这一工艺技术符合当今的＂低碳＂技术要求,在行业上具有广泛的应用前景。     

模具的表面处理技术

本文介绍了模具表面处理技术固体硼氮共渗的渗剂、工艺参数、共渗后的组织与性能及其在模具上的应用。固体硼氮共渗剂由供硼剂、供氮剂,活化剂、填充剂组成,工艺简单,便于实施,是一种可获得渗层性能好的化学热处理方法。通过固体硼氮共渗使模具表面获得了可靠稳定的硼氮共渗层,渗层由硼化物层（Fe2B、FeB）和过渡层组成,渗后可获得高硬度的硼化物层,渗层具有高的耐磨性、良好的耐热、耐蚀性。硼氮共渗技术应用任摸具的制造上可使模具的使用寿命大幅度提高。     

精密齿轮气体碳氮共渗

本文探讨了２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ材料制造增速机中太阳轮与行星轮的气体碳氮共渗工艺，通过适当调整工艺参数，获得了满意的共渗层深度，组织和硬度梯度，得出了较佳的太阳轮与行星轮的碳氮共渗工艺，并成功地应用于生产。     

活塞杆机械加工工艺及氮碳共渗“三段控制”热处理工艺在活塞杆上的应用

往复式压缩机活塞杆在使用过程中极易出现磨损,从而导致断裂造成机组的二次破坏和严重的泄漏、爆炸事故,是化工装置安全生产的重大隐患,本文通过对压缩机活塞杆的加工工艺细致阐述,通过加工工艺过程控制减少活塞杆在使用过程中产生快速磨损,三段碳氮共渗工艺应用比较广泛,是近些年来比较常用的热处理工艺方法,由于各企业所生产的零件不同,导致三段碳氮共渗工艺在具体应用上存在很大差别,但最终达到的效果是基本相同的,将三段碳氮共渗工艺应用在活塞杆上,在国内还是比较少的,因存在使用的特殊性能,因此采用了此工艺方法,达到了良好的效果。     

W—I型多功能胶纸

一、概述渗碳、渗氨、碳氮共渗以及低温氮、碳共渗等化学热处理工艺,能明显提高金属材料的表面硬度和耐磨性,然而这些工艺又促使金属材料的脆性增     

ZG1Cr18Ni9碳铬深层共渗工艺与渗层组织的研究

对ZG1Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢采用膏剂法碳－铬深层共渗工艺，即通过膏剂涂覆试样表面再经高温共渗，扩渗和回火的复合热处理工艺，本文探讨了共渗、扩渗、加火工艺与渗层金相组织之间的关系。经金相组织观察和X射线衍射技术分析表明，共渗过程中渗层表面先形成Cr23C6碳化物，随共渗时间的延长和碳含量的提高，渗层表面出现Cr7C3。     

液相等离子体电解渗碳、渗氮及其碳氮共渗技术

液相等离子体电解渗透、渗氮及其碳氮共渗技术是一种新兴的表面技术,与传统的离子渗碳、渗氮及其碳氮共渗技术相比有工件处理时间短、整体工件受热轻微、处理完成可以即时淬火等优点。分析了液相等离子体渗碳、渗氮和碳氮共渗技术的实验机理,从电解液体系、试验装置和工艺流程3个方面介绍了该技术的工艺特点。通过SEM照片讨论了液相等离子体电解渗透层的结构。测试了液相等离子体电解渗透层的性能。结果表明,经过渗透处理的试样具有好的耐磨性、耐蚀性,最大硬度为770HV。     

碳氮共渗零件镀锌

碳氮共渗零件外表面镀锌,与一般钢铁零件镀锌的工艺过程不同。某零件加工过程为:机械加工成型→螺纹部分镀铜防渗→碳氮共渗处理→退除螺纹部分的铜层→镀锌。开始我们按照一般钢铁零件镀锌工艺过程处理,即:化学除油→热水洗→电解除油→热水洗→     

塑料模具表面粗糙度变化机理及影响因素分析

高温高压下塑料颗粒对模具表面的冲蚀,引起模具表面粗糙度发生变化,是造成塑料模具失效的重要原因。针对这个原因,分析了塑料模具表面粗糙度的变化机理;总结了影响塑料模具表面粗糙度变化的因素,主要包括冲蚀速率、冲蚀角度和塑料颗粒的形状与硬度;指出可以通过粒子注入技术、激光熔覆技术、碳氮共渗等技术来降低塑料模具表面粗糙度。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.