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随着现代社会能源与极端气候问题日益严峻,零能耗的辐射制冷技术越来越受到人们的关注与重视。从2014年日间辐射制冷首次被实验实现以来,辐射制冷技术已从结构设计、材料选择、制备工艺、集成应用等多个角度被广泛研究,产生了包括镀膜、涂层、柔性薄膜、织物等多种类型的器件。新的研究也越来越重视辐射制冷在场景兼容性以及环境、气候自适应性等方面的需求。开发多场景兼容、自适应环境变化且具有动态热调控能力的新型辐射制冷器件,对辐射制冷技术的实用化以及能源、医疗、工业生产等领域都有着重要意义。本文围绕辐射制冷技术所运用的基础物理原理与光子学结构设计,综述了辐射制冷器件的基本技术与其在场景兼容、温度自适应热调控等方面的进展。首先介绍了辐射制冷技术的原理与基本设计方法,随后重点介绍了一些典型的辐射制冷结构以及实现多场景兼容与自适应动态调控辐射制冷器件的主要进展,最后对辐射制冷器件的发展进行了总结与展望。 相似文献
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周常河 《激光与光电子学进展》2009,46(10)
简短回顾微纳光学的几个重要研究方向,包括光子晶体、表面等离子体光学、奇异材料、负折射、隐身以及亚波长光栅等.微纳光学不仪成为当前科学的热点研究领域,更重要的是,微纳光学是新型光电子产业的发展方向,在光通信、光存储、激光核聚变工程、激光武器、太阳能利用、半导体激光、光学防伪技术等诸多领域,起到了不可替代的作用. 相似文献
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德国物理学家基尔霍夫(Gustav Robert Kirchhoff,1824~1887)早在其他科学家引入“黑体”的概念以及用实验方法描绘黑体辐射曲线和建立辐射基本定律的完整公式之前,就曾开始研究物质的热特性,并最终在研究辐射传输过程中,于1859年根据热平衡原理导出了关于热的转换的著名的基尔霍夫辐射定律。 相似文献
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自由电子与周围电磁环境互作用时可以通过不同的形式辐射电磁波.超材料是一种人工复合材料,可实现传统自然材料所不具备的电磁特性.基于超材料与自由电子之间的相互作用可以打破传统电磁辐射系统的限制,实现对辐射电磁波的极化、相位、波前等特性的灵活操控,这为发展新型的自由电子辐射器件提供了新思路.本文简单介绍了切伦科夫辐射、史密斯... 相似文献
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随着微纳加工技术的发展,微纳尺度下材料的热物性参量测量变得尤为重要。首先介绍了飞秒激光测量微纳尺度下材料热物性参量的基本原理、测量系统的实现方法,对比了所采用的双温模型、双曲两步辐射模型、双曲一步模型、抛物一步模型、双相滞模型和抛物两步模型等主要的传热模型。其次,介绍了飞秒激光测量物性参量的基本特点。然后,介绍了单波长正面抽运与探测系统、双波长正面抽运及探测和加热探测不同侧3种常见结构的飞秒激光物性测量系统。最后,展望了飞秒激光物性测量的研究方向。 相似文献
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原子的激光冷却近年来,物理学家终于用激光束形成的“光学粘团”方法捕获和固定小原子云。原子能够在粘团中活动的速度很小(每秒几厘米),对应的温度约为绝对温度的百万分之一。冷原子的获得不仅是技术上的一大功绩,而且深化了对原子和光相互作用的认识以及尚未预见的... 相似文献
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详细介绍了基于不同种类微纳光纤的光源、光耦合器、光开关和滤波器的结构、工作过程及性能参数,总结了基于微纳光纤的光纤通信器件的研究进展情况。指出微纳光纤器件的实用化是光纤通信器件的发展方向。 相似文献
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The rapid progress in laser atomic cooling ideas and also in laser spectral coverage and frequency stabilization make it appropriate to reexamine the periodic table for atoms and ions that may be of special interest for radiatively-cooled frequency standards research. We discuss Hg+, Pb+, Ba+, neutral alkalis, Mg, Ca, and Ag. Optical two-photon and weak single-photon transitions are represented, along with microwave hfs and fs transitions. 相似文献
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Wei Xie Chengyu Xiao Ya Sun Yile Fan Binyuan Zhao Di Zhang Tongxiang Fan Han Zhou 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(46):2305734
Photonic structures designed at sub-wavelength scales have emerged as a promising avenue for various energy applications, including cooling devices, water harvesting, photovoltaics, and personal thermal management, which have significantly transformed the global energy landscape. Particularly, flexible photonic radiative cooling films, which facilitate heat dissipation from surfaces by emitting it into outer space via infrared radiation, have achieved great progress in recent years. In this review, the different approaches used to design photonic structures for manipulating solar reflectance and optimizing thermal emittance are summarized. On this basis, this review discusses advancements in flexible radiative cooling films that have been meticulously adhere to these design principles, alongside their cooling effects over recent years. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the progress is presented in the photonic integration with new functionality and the fabrication techniques of photonic structures. Lastly, this review highlights the remarkable potential of radiative coolers in various fields. In prospect, the widespread adoption of flexible photonic radiative cooling films holds immense promise for diverse applications. 相似文献
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纳米岛光刻技术及其应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了一种基于微加工技术的新方法——纳米岛光刻技术。利用该技术制造出几十纳米到微米尺度的岛结构,然后利用剥离、刻蚀等微加工技术,将该岛转化成纳米孔、纳米岛、纳米井等结构。该技术的特点是能够制造出具有各种密度的纳米结构(最高覆盖率可达50%以上),且开发成本低,工艺性能优越,是一种有效制造纳米岛结构的专业方法。 相似文献
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Passive radiative technology enables sustainable cooling by synchronously emitting heat and reflecting solar light without any energy consumption. However, the consumption of non-recyclable and non-renewable radiative materials in large quantities may eventually cause resource waste and environmental issues. Herein, reconfigurable and renewable nano-micro-structured plastics for future eco-friendly and large-scale radiative cooling applications are developed. The plastics are facilely prepared from a locally confined polymerization method, which not only enables the customization of nano/micro-structures for thermal emission and sunlight reflection but also provides physically cross-linked networks for damage repairing, shape reconfiguration, and recyclable usage. Compared with traditional plastics applied on electronic devices, the nano-micro-structured plastic achieves much higher cooling efficiency with a temperature drop of 8.6 °C on electronic circuits and 7.5 °C cooling improvements under sunlight. With the excellent cooling performance and the recycling potential, the nano-micro-structured plastics open an environmentally sustainable pathway to address the thermal issues encountered by electronic devices and challenges of global warming. 相似文献
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Micro/nanostructure photonic devices offer a variety of enabling properties,including low powerconsumption,cost-efficient,compact size,and reliability.These distinctive features have been exploited in a wealth of applications ranging from telecommunication and optical interconnect to photonic network on chip.In this paper,we review two main classes of micro/nanostructure photonic devices,to provide the kinds of functions for optical signal processing. 相似文献