苹果籽油提取及其理化性质分析

对溶剂法提取苹果籽油预处理条件(粉碎度、水分含量、湿蒸处理时间等)进行优化,并应用二次通用旋转试验优化苹果籽油提取条件,得到提取率数学表达式,并预测最大提取率(20.498%)浸提条件为:液料比7.701:1,温度32.143℃,提取时间6.048 h。另对苹果籽油理化性质进行测定:水分及挥发物0.2%,皂化值169.587 mgKOH/g,酸价3.478 mgKOH/g,碘价115.35 gI_2/100 g,并与花生油和橄榄油进行理化性质比较。     

金银花籽组成成分的分析研究

分析了金银花籽的营养成分、氨基酸组成、微量元素的含量以及金银花籽油的理化指标和脂肪酸组成。结果表明,金银花籽含22.22%的油,21.43%的蛋白质,15.37%的糖类,13.04%的水分和4.05%的灰分;金银花籽蛋白质中氨基酸种类齐全;金银花籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,含量高达85.28%。金银花籽油的理化指标为:相对密度d2400.9158,折光指数n201.4796,皂化值180.31mgKOH/g,酸值2.55 mgKOH/g。     

金樱子籽油的提取及其脂肪酸成分分析

对金樱子籽油进行提取和精炼,考察了籽油的理化性质,并用气质联用仪对其脂肪酸组成和含量进行测定。结果表明,金樱子籽油的出油率为5.24%;酸价为0.36 mgKOH/g,过氧化值为46.10 mmol/kg,碘值为160.90 gI2/100 g,皂化值为193.76 mgKOH/g;金樱子籽油中检出5种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达86.10%,亚油酸和α-亚麻酸分别为43.99%和42.11%;饱和脂肪酸占13.90%,由棕榈酸、硬脂酸和花生酸所组成。金樱子籽油的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,是一种值得开发利用的营养保健油源。     

栝楼籽油的提取、理化性质及其在化妆品中的应用

研究了栝楼籽油的提取工艺、理化性质及其在化妆品中的应用。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶4 g/m L、提取时间为2 h、反应温度为60℃,得油率为66. 8%。栝楼籽油的理化性质:酸值0. 82mgKOH/g、皂化值190. 2 mgKOH/g、碘值132. 6 gI/l00 g;主要含有月桂酸:0. 4%、肉豆蔻酸:0. 2%、棕榈油酸7. 2%、硬脂酸3. 0%、油酸27. 0%、亚油酸32. 2%、栝楼酸23. 1%、花生酸0. 2%、二十碳一烯酸0. 2%、山嵛酸3. 0%、芥子酸0. 4%;角鲨烯:139. 8 mg/100g。其中不饱和脂肪酸酸90. 0%以上。将栝楼籽油制备美白化妆品,通过临床试验,结果显示其效果好,使用方便,安全可靠,无毒无副作用。它的生产工艺与传统化妆品相同,制备工艺简单可行,便于工业化生产。     

甜瓜籽营养成分分析

为了进一步开发利用新疆的甜瓜籽资源,分析了新疆甜瓜籽的营养成分、氨基酸组成、微量元素的含量以及甜瓜籽油的理化指标和脂肪酸组成.结果表明,甜瓜籽含37.12%的油,24.08%的蛋白质,24.50%的糖类,0.010%的VE;甜瓜籽蛋白质中氨基酸种类齐全;甜瓜籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,含量高达90%多;甜瓜籽油的理化指标为相对密度d20 4 0.9228,碘值174.56 gI/100g,折光指数n201.4589,皂化值195.32 mgKOH/g,不皂化物7.86%.     

石榴籽油低温连续相变萃取工艺优化及其脂肪酸分析

采用低温连续相变萃取技术分离石榴籽油,以油脂得率为指标,通过正交试验L9(3~4)优化萃取工艺,并对石榴籽油理化性质和脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明,低温连续相变萃取石榴籽油的最佳工艺条件为:原料颗粒度60目,萃取压力0.5 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间70 min,解析温度70℃,该条件下石榴籽油得率为15.94%,石榴籽原料含油量16.31%,提取回收率高达97.60%。低温连续相变萃取石榴籽油呈浅黄色半固体膏状物,酸价为3.26 mg KOH/g,过氧化值为0.10g/100g。石榴籽油主要脂肪酸组成为9C,11TR,13TR-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(亚油酸,68.09%)、亚油酸甲酯(9.13%)、十八烯酸甲酯(6.91%)、棕榈酸甲酯(4.73%)、硬脂酸甲酯(3.33%)。     

苹果籽及其油的理化特性研究

为了开发和利用苹果籽资源,采用常规及仪器分析的方法对苹果籽的主要营养成分、氨基酸组成,苹果籽油的脂肪酸组成和理化指标进行了分析测定.结果表明,苹果籽含油27.7%,油中含有5种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达89.33%;苹果籽含蛋白质34.0%,水分10.2%,氨基酸总量31.81%,并含有多种微量元素;苹果籽油折光率为1.4734,比重d20 40.9219,碘值129.3gI/100g,皂化值186.5 mgKOH/g.苹果籽含有多种营养成分,是一种理想的保健食品,具有较好的开发利用前景.     

沙棘油主要理化指标的分析检测

按照国家标准方法对购置的沙棘油的主要理化指标及感官指标进行全面分析检测:折光指标(n20)1.471;密度d20200.915 6,d4200.914 0;水分及挥发物0.64%;酸价(AV)15.77 mgKOH/g;碘价(Ⅵ)1922.皂化价(Is)1923 mgKOH/g;过氧化值(PV)12.3 meg/kg.     

复合溶剂提取沙棘籽油的工艺条件研究

采用响应面优化了正己烷-丙酮复合溶剂浸提沙棘籽油的提取条件,并对沙棘籽油的理化性质进行分析.结果表明:最优条件为料液比1∶14、粉碎度35.00目、正己烷:丙酮为6∶4、浸提温度44.00℃、浸提时间1.84h,在该条件下沙棘籽油提取率为13.788%.沙棘籽油的碘价为156.30mg/100g,酸价为8.80mg KOH/g,皂化值为186.30mg KOH/g,水分及挥发物0.22%,过氧化值为9.21meq/kg,不皂化物含量为1.89%.     

石榴籽油的超声辅助提取工艺及GC-MS分析

以石榴籽为原料,利用超声波辅助提取石榴籽油,通过单因素及正交实验,研究了石榴籽粒度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间以及超声波频率等因素对出油率的影响,确定了超声波辅助提取石榴籽油的最佳工艺条件,并用气相色谱一质谱仪(GC-MS)分析了石榴籽油的脂肪酸组成.结果表明,提取最佳工艺参数为:原料粒度60目,超声波频率60kHz.料液比1:10(g/mL),超声提取温度40℃,提取时间60min,在该工艺条件下,石榴籽油出油率达29.0%.GC-MS分析显示,石榴籽油的主要成分是石榴酸58.68%、二十碳三烯酸15.02%、亚油酸6.06%、油酸6.46%等.     

Total lipids content and fatty acid composition of seed oils from six pomegranate cultivars

The fatty acid composition of the seed oils of six pomegranate (Punica granatum L) cultivars was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by gas chromatography. The seeds contained oil in the range 51-152 mg kg^?1 dry matter. Intervarietal differences in fatty acid composition were demonstrated (fatty acid esters as % (w/w) total fatty acid esters. Sour varieties had the highest while sour-sweet varieties had the lowest oil content. Eleven fatty acids were identified. In all varieties, the predominant fatty acids were linoleic (25.2-38.6%) and oleic acid (24.8-35.5%) followed by palmitic (18.2-22.6%), stearic (6.9-10.4%) and linolenic acid (0.6-9.9%). To a lesser extent arachidic (1.1-3.4%) and palmitoleic acid (0.2-2.7%) were also found in all varieties. Lauric, myristic, behenic and lignoceric acids were rarely detected. As far as we know linolenic (18:3), arachidic (20:0), behenic (22:0) or lignoceric (24:0) acids have not been previously reported in the seed oils of edible pomegranate varieties. Lignoceric acid has not previously been found in pomegranate seed oil.     

石榴籽油中的石榴酸分析方法研究

以石榴籽油为研究对象,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对其脂肪酸含量及组成进行了分析,研究了不同甲酯化方法对石榴酸和其他脂肪酸含量的影响。试验表明,石榴籽油中含丰富石榴酸(74%)。经薄层色谱(TLC)验证,酸、碱催化法都可使石榴籽油完全甲酯化,但酸催化(三氟化硼-甲醇)会导致石榴酸的共轭双键构型发生顺反异构,使石榴酸向其共轭化合物转化,降低了其在终产物中的含量。结果表明,对于像石榴籽油一样富含共轭脂肪酸的油类物质,应选用碱催化法进行甲酯化。     

Analysis of pomegranate seed oil for the presence of jacaric acid

BACKGROUND: Pomegranate seed oil is predominantly composed of triglycerides containing unsaturated fatty acids, including high levels of conjugated linolenic acids (CLnAs). The major CLnA component, punicic acid, is known to possess biological activity. Consequently, it is desirable to obtain a detailed characterisation of pomegranate seed oil fatty acid profiles, including molecules potentially co‐eluting with punicic acid, such as jacaric acid. RESULTS: Conjugated fatty acid profiles of a commercial sample of cold pressed pomegranate seed oil were characterised in detail by both gas chromatography of methyl esters and by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The methylation procedures were found to be critical for determination of accurate fatty acid profiles. GC analysis was unable to resolve jacaric acid from punicic acid, the major fatty acid present in pomegranate seed oil. To establish the presence or absence of jacaric acid, ¹³C NMR was employed. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate pomegranate seed oil for the presence of jacaric acid. Punicic acid, eleostearic acid, and catalpic acid were confirmed by ¹³C NMR, but jacaric acid was not found. Thus, we have shown that punicic acid levels may be accurately measured by gas chromatography alone in pomegranate seed oil. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

全国十三省茶叶籽的含油率和脂肪酸组成研究

对收集到的全国十三个省的茶叶籽油样品作了测定分析。结果表明,茶叶籽含油率中等,仁干基含油率可达30%以上,且茶叶籽油是一种低酸价、低过氧化值和高稳定性、高营养价值的油种。经测定,其酸价低于1.0mg KOH/g,过氧化值为0.2～1.6meq/kg左右,且氧化稳定性良好。茶叶籽油样品中脂肪酸种类较稳定,棕榈酸含量均值15.53%,硬脂酸均值2.92%,油酸均值57.28%,亚油酸均值22.30%,脂肪酸组成中饱和脂肪酸:单不饱和脂肪酸:多不饱和脂肪酸为1:3:1,较为接近人体所需脂肪酸的比例要求。     

Enrichment of Functional Properties of Ice Cream with Pomegranate By‐products

Pomegranate peel rich in phenolics, and pomegranate seed which contain a conjugated fatty acid namely punicic acid in lipid fraction remain as by‐products after processing the fruit into juice. Ice cream is poor in polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolics, therefore, this study was conducted to improve the functional properties of ice cream by incorporating pomegranate peel phenolics and pomegranate seed oil. Incorporation of the peel phenolics into ice cream at the levels of 0.1% and 0.4% (w/w) resulted in significant changes in the pH, total acidity, and color of the samples. The most prominent outcomes of phenolic incorporation were sharp improvements in antioxidant and antidiabetic activities as well as the phenolic content of ice creams. Replacement of pomegranate seed oil by milk fat at the levels of 2.0% and 4.0% (w/w) increased the conjugated fatty acid content. However, perception of oxidized flavor increased with the additional seed oil. When one considers the functional and nutritional improvements in the enrichment of the ice cream together with overall acceptability results of the sensory analysis, then it follows from this study that ice creams enriched with pomegranate peel phenolics up to 0.4% (w/w) and pomegranate seed oil up to 2.0% (w/w) could be introduced to markets as functional ice cream. Enrichment of ice creams with pomegranate by‐products might provide consumers health benefits with striking functional properties of punicalagins in pomegranate peel, and punicic acid in pomegranate seed oil.     

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取火龙果籽油工艺

采用响应面法优化超临界二氧化碳萃取工艺提取火龙果籽油,用Design Expert软件对试验数据进行分析,并用气相色谱-质谱法对萃取所得火龙果籽油进行成分分析。结果表明:萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度对火龙果籽油超临界CO2萃取工艺影响显著,其最佳提取工艺参数为萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度40℃、萃取时间3.5h,火龙果籽油萃取得率为30.21%。火龙果籽油中脂肪酸主要成分以不饱和脂肪酸为主,占总脂肪酸含量的74.64%,其中亚油酸及其异构体为46.91%,油酸及其异构体为25.36%;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,棕榈酸及其异构体占总脂肪酸含量的21.10%。火龙果籽油可以作为一种食品保健油进行开发。     

不同品种石榴籽油油脂品质对比分析

为比较不同品种石榴籽油的油脂品质差别,以10个品种的石榴籽油为样本采用气相色谱技术(GC)分析了其主要脂肪酸组成,采用国标方法测定其过氧化值(POV)和碘值,并研究了储存期石榴籽油的POV变化。结果显示,10个品种的石榴籽油棕榈酸含量为1.77%～3.01%,油酸含量为1.20%～5.12%,亚油酸含量为1.67%～2.95%,石榴酸含量为52.54%～89.78%;POV为0.002 25～0.008 6 g/100 g之间,碘值为143.4～162.2 gI/100 g;储存期石榴籽油POV存在跃变现象。表明不同品种石榴籽油在品质上存在一定的差别,其中石榴酸是各品种的主要脂肪酸并且品种间含量差异较大,都属于高不饱和植物油,保健价值高,但容易氧化变质,不耐储存。     

不同产地文冠果籽特性及其籽油理化指标差异分析

目的 研究不同产地文冠果种子特性及籽油的脂肪酸组成。方法 从全国11个省(区)收集21份文冠果材料, 对其形态特征和种仁含油率等指标进行测定, 进一步采用CO2超临界萃取技术提取文冠果籽油, 利用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)检测其脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果 不同产地文冠果种子的横径和纵径差异不大, 但千粒重、种仁重和种仁出油率有显著差异。其中, 山东省临沂市所产的文冠果种仁含油量为最高, 达50.49%。文冠果籽油中共检测出棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸、二十碳一烯酸、芥酸和神经酸等7种脂肪酸。不同产地籽油中单不饱和脂肪酸含量在35.06%~55.96%之间, 多不饱和脂肪酸在32.60%~64.64%之间, 不饱和脂肪酸含量差异显著。结论 文冠果籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高, 还含有少见的功能性神经酸, 是营养价值很高的一种木本油料作物。综合分析种子形态和脂肪酸组成, 发现内蒙古赤峰和山东临沂地区的文冠果种子千粒重、种仁出油率和不饱和脂肪酸含量高于其他地区, 品质较优。     

续随子冷榨油脂肪酸及蛋白质氨基酸组成分析

采用机械压榨法获取续随子冷榨油,通过化学方法分析其理化指标,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-Ms)联用仪分析续随予油脂肪酸的组成和含量,用氨基酸自动分析仪确定续随子蛋白质氨基酸的组成和含量.结果表明:续随子冷榨油含7种脂肪酸,主要为油酸(达84.42%),不饱和脂肪酸占其总量的92.98%,具有很好的营养价值;且续随子油脂肪酸组成与理想柴油替代品的分子组成相类似,是我国发展生物柴油的理想原料.氨基酸分析结果表明:续随子蛋白质含17种氨基酸,主要为谷氨酸(3.597%),天冬氨酸(1.953%)等,氨基酸种类齐全,含量较高,是一种具有很高的药用价值的蛋白质资源.     

茶叶籽油与油茶籽油理化性质及脂肪酸组成比较

在对茶叶籽及油茶籽的外观、含仁率、含油率等进行测定的基础上,对茶叶籽油及油茶籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明,茶叶籽及油茶籽外观相差较大,茶叶籽油与油茶籽油在折光指数、酸值、碘值和皂化值等理化性质上较接近。脂肪酸组成上,油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸为茶叶籽油及油茶籽油中含量最多的三种脂肪酸,油酸含量分别为52.13%和73.67%,亚油酸24.32%和11.09%,棕榈酸17.36%和10.63%。茶叶籽油和油茶籽油的单不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为54.12%和75.78%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为24.55%和11.39%。茶叶籽含油率为19.88%,茶叶籽油潜在年产量可达15余万t。其必需脂肪酸含量是油茶籽油的2.15倍;不皂化物含量为0.77%,比油茶籽油高出22%;茶叶籽油脂肪酸比例均衡,适于人体的吸收,具有开发应用的潜力。