双一氟三嗪活性染料的染色方法与染色性能

合成了一支含双一氟三嗪活性基团的活性染料并应用于棉纤维的染色。详细考察了染色温度、固色温度、加碱量以及加盐量对其染色结果的影响。结果表明,在染色温度90℃,Na2SO4用量70g/L,固色温度40～60℃,碱量（Na2CO3）0～3 g/L时染料的固色率可以达到87%。与同结构的含双一氯均三嗪活性染料相比,含氟活性染料的固色率提高13.5%。该染料具有较好的各项牢度性能。     

Influence of Temperature on Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Monochlorotriazine Reactive Dye

Abstract

The kinetics of hydrolysis of a commercial sample of the monochlorotriazine reactive dye was studied in an alkaline solution pH 10.9 at two temperatures, 80 and 50°C comparatively. The time dependent changes of the amounts of the active and hydrolysed forms of the dye were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography.

The results indicate that within a defined time the pseudo-fiat-order kinetics can be considered. The rate constant of hydrolysis of the monochlorotriazine reactive dye at 80°C is about 33 times higher than at 50°C.     

活性染料在中性盐溶液中的聚集

用紫外可见光谱法研究了不同母体结构的五只乙烯砜硫酸酯活性染料和两只双一氯均三嗪活性染料在硫酸钠溶液中的聚集情况。分子结构较小的乙烯砜硫酸酯染料聚集程度较低;含H酸结构的活性染料因母体结构和活性基的不同在盐溶液中的聚集程度相差较大,双一氯均三嗪的C.I.活性红120聚集程度很大,在高浓度中性盐溶液中存在多种聚集体的平衡;铜酞菁结构的乙烯砜硫酸酯活性染料在盐溶液中聚集程度较高,其吸收光谱中存在明显的染料单分子和二聚体的吸收峰。     

The wash-off of dyeings using interstitial water part 2: Bis(aminochlorotriazine) reactive dyes on cotton

2% omf dyeings of three, bis(aminochlorotriazine) reactive dyes on cotton were washed-off using a five-stage process recommended by the dye maker and a novel method that utilised two water rinses and treatment with damp nylon beads. Whilst similar levels of fastness were obtained using four temperatures in the final water rinse stage (ie cold (ambient), 50 °C, 70 °C and 98 °C) of the bead wash-off processes, a final rinse in water at 98 °C imparted levels of staining that were similar to those achieved using the five-stage wash-off process. The depths of shade and colour of the dyeings achieved using the bead wash-off methods were very similar to those obtained for the recommended process. When 5% omf dyeings were washed-off using a bead process that employed a commercial wash-off auxiliary and a cold water final rinse stage, levels of staining and shade change were obtained that were comparable to those secured using a recommended, six-stage, recommended wash-off process. As the beads adsorbed a sizeable amount of vagrant dye that was removed during wash-off, the various bead wash-off processes generated either only one or two coloured rinse liquors compared to the five or six coloured rinse liquors that ensued from the standard wash-off process, thereby constituting a lower effluent load.     

红色复合多活性基活性染料的结构与性能关系研究三、超分子化学和染料的提升力

研究了11个含乙烯矾基和一氟均三嗪的复合双活性基红色活性染料的结构与提升力的关系。认为染料分子的聚集程度和由纤维表面向纤维内部的扩散速度是染料提升力的决定因素。建议以提升力指数作为表征染料提升力的主要参数。在本文的研究范围内,染料的疏水性越大,平面性越好,染料越容易缔合,则提升力越差。磺酸基的引入,总体来说对提高提升力有利;活性基以乙烯矾或硫酸酯乙烯矾形式存在,对提升力影响不大。过多的活性基易导致在纤维表面固着,影响向纤维内部扩散而导致提升力下降。     

Synthesis of anionic water‐borne polyurethane with the covalent bond of a reactive dye

We successfully synthesized an anionic water‐borne polyurethane (PU) capable of reacting with a reactive dye to form a covalent bond with the dye molecule. The anionic water‐borne PU was synthesized and grafted with the reactive dye to form a dyed PU. First, the PU prepolymer was synthesized from 4,4′‐methylene bis(isocyanatocyclohexane), poly(tetramethylene glycol), 2,2′‐bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (as an anionic center), and triethyleneamide (as a neutralizer). Then, pure water was added to emulsify and disperse the prepolymer to form an anionic water‐borne PU prepolymer. Finally, the extender N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) ethylene diamine was used to extend the anionic water‐borne prepolymer to form a PU polymer with hydroxyl groups that could further react with the reactive dye molecule. With respect to the heating properties, the dyed PU polymers exhibited higher glass‐transition temperatures of the hard segment than those without dye molecules. However, neither the glass‐transition temperature of the soft segment nor the melting temperature of the soft segment varied in the presence of dye molecules, but they were changed with various chain lengths of the soft segment. As for the mechanical properties, the modulus and strength of the dyed PU polymers decreased because of the bulkiness of their dye molecules, but the breaking elongation increased. Moreover, the inherent viscosity decreased in the presence of the dye molecules. As for the dyeing properties, the percentage of dye grafting was greater than 90%. The dye‐grafted PU exhibited a lower percentage of migration than PU extended with ethylene diamine (without hydroxy groups) and also showed a higher grade of colorfastness to light. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 797–805, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10336     

The stability of monochlorotriazinyl reactive dyes on cellulose films in aqueous alkaline solutions containing peroxide bleaching agents

The stability of seven reactive (one difluoromonochloropyrimidinyl and six monochlorotriazinyl) dyes on cellulose immersed in sodium peroxoborate (PB) solution (UK–TO solution) containing tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) was examined using cellulosic films at 60 °C. The extent of dye loss that occurred from the dyed cellulosic films which were immersed in the UK–TO solution without detergent correlated closely to the ratings obtained using the BS 1006 UK–TO wash test. The dye loss that occurred from the dyed cellophane films was attributed to three contributions, namely, alkaline hydrolysis of dye–fibre bonds, oxidative fading of the dye chromophore by peroxides and cellulose degradation accelerated by PB and TAED. The alkaline hydrolysis of the dye–fibre bond and the extent of cellulose degradation in the UK–TO solution were the main contributions to the dye loss; dye oxidation was a minor factor in the dye loss mechanism. The physical bonding of the dye molecules reinforced the covalent dye–fibre bond stability towards the UK–TO solution.     

Chemical–physical properties of bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide-based ionic liquids

The chemical–physical properties of hydrophobic ionic liquids, tailored as electrolyte components for supercapacitors and lithium batteries, were investigated and compared. The ionic liquid samples are based on bis(perfluroalkylsulfonyl)imide anions coupled with different types of cation. The effect of the cation as well as the main cationic aliphatic side group, in combination with different anions, on the chemical–physical properties of the investigated ionic liquid samples was evaluated and discussed. The activation energy for the conduction mechanism and the glass transition temperature were obtained by fitting the conductivity vs. temperature data.     

新型高固色率ME型活性染料

ME型染料是应用性能优良的活性染料系列品种。本文介绍其合成方法、优良性能和应用工艺等。     

一种高分子季铵盐活性染料的合成

本文以聚乙烯亚胺为高分子骨架,通过与活性嫩黄X-RG反应,制备了一种高分子活性染料,然后再对所得染料进行季铵化改性,最终得到一种新型高分子阳离子活性染料。对该染料的耐溶剂性、酸碱性和溶解度等性能进行了测试,采用红外光谱对合成的高分子阳离子活性染料的结构进行了表征。在无盐染色条件下对棉织物进行浸染,上染率90%,固色率在...     

Effect of atmospheric pressure helium plasma on felting and low temperature dyeing of wool

Wool fabrics were treated with atmospheric pressure helium glow discharge plasma in an attempt to improve felting and dyeing behavior with cold brand reactive dyes using cold pad‐batch method at neutral pH. On glow plasma treatment, the hydrophilicity of wool surface and its resistance toward felting was greatly improved without any significant damage to the cuticle layer. The color strength of the plasma treated dyed wool on the surface (in terms of K/S) was found to be nearly double of the color strength of dyed untreated wool fabric. However, the corresponding total dye uptake of the treated wool increased by a much lower value of 40%–50%. The reason behind this altered dyeing behavior was investigated by studying the dye kinetics using infinite bath and surface characteristics using SEM and SIMS. It was found that the glow plasma treatment greatly transformed the chemical surface of the wool fibers. It resulted in uniform removal of hydrophobic cuticular layer, which resulted in better diffusion of the dye molecules into the fiber, and formation of hydrophilic ? NH₂ groups near the surface, which helped in anchoring the dye molecules close to the surface giving higher color strength than expected. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

A comparison of poly(ether imide)s from diamines with 2-aminophenoxy or 4-aminophenoxy units: Synthesis, characterization and properties

A series of new 3- and 4-ring bis(2-aminophenoxy) aromatic diamines were prepared. These, and corresponding, conventional bis(4-aminophenoxy) diamines were reacted with several aromatic bis(ether anhydride)s to form poly(ether imide)s. The diamines with 4-aminophenoxy groups gave high-molecular-weight polymers that were cast into films with good mechanical properties. In contrast, in almost all cases, diamines with 2-aminophenoxy groups only gave low-molecular-weight powdery products that could not be cast into coherent films. The low-molecular-weight products, prepared from stoichiometrically equal amounts of monomers, were examined by mass spectrometry and shown, in most cases, to consist primarily of cyclic oligomers; traces of linear oligomers were identified in some samples. Apart from a polyimide prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4′-bis(2″-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, the only products found to contain significant proportions of linear oligomers were those prepared with a stoichiometric imbalance of monomers. End groups of the various linear oligomers were identified. The 2-aminophenoxy groups predispose the oligomers to cyclize as amic acids, and to remain as cyclics on imidization. In some cases [1+1] cyclic oligomers were observed although the most common species were the [2+2] cyclic dimers.     

Desorption and transfer processes in different classes of dyes

We report an analytical approach to study dye desorption and transfer processes in aqueous environment. The study was conducted simulating standard laundry washes using two different donor textiles, a polyester textile dyed with Disperse Blue 79 and a cotton textile dyed with Reactive Red 239, and two acceptor textiles, undyed cotton and polyester, respectively. Dye bleeding/solubilization from a donor textile to the solution was investigated through UV–visible absorbance analysis, while the dye absorption onto acceptor textile was quantified by UV–visible reflectance analysis. Dye desorption and transfer processes were investigated in water and surfactant solutions at different concentrations. A desorption and transfer model for the two classes of dyes was hypothesized by performing kinetic experiments. The results show that both processes depend on the presence of surfactants for the disperse dye. Conversely, the presence of surfactants has little effect on the reactive dye. Finally, the presence of an acceptor polyester significantly increases the bleeding of the disperse dye, while the presence of an acceptor textiles less influences the total release of the reactive dye.     

Sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 for one-pot synthesis of substituted aryl-14H-dibenzo xanthenes and bis(indolyl) methanes

The comparative catalytic activity studies of biologically and industrially important compounds such as Xanthenes and bis (indolyl) methanes were evaluated over propylsulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15/SO₃H. The material was characterized via standard characterization techniques such as Powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Temperature programmed desorption studies of NH₃. The catalytic performance of SBA/SO₃H under environmentally benign conditions results in high yield of xanthenes compared to bis (indolyl) methanes and finally the mechanism for both the reactions were proposed.     

多活性基活性染料及其拼混应用

活性染料已成为最重要的染料类别，多活性基染料是染料的发展方向。本文叙述了常见几类活性基团的特性以及活性基团间桥接基对染料性能的影响。两类多活性基染料已具有商业价值：根据染料的相客性、染色条件以及染料的结构特性来选择拼混染料。不同类染料可以进行拼混。两种相同活性基团的多活性基染料的拼混可以得到很好的拼混染料，国外已经提出并发表了多种类型的拼混情况。拼混应用已成为活性染料重点研究的方向之一。     

双(三氯甲基)碳酸酯在有机合成中的应用

介绍了双 (三氯甲基 )碳酸酯在有机合成中的应用最新进展 ,重点介绍了其亲核取代反应及产品     

Development of water‐based polymeric dye and its application as a colorant for waterborne polyurethane

In this project, an eco‐friendly aqueous synthesis method of water‐based polymeric dye (WPD) was developed and its potential as a colorant for waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was tested. The WPD was produced by reacting polyethylenimine with commercial reactive dye in the warm alkaline solution. The colored polyurethane membrane was then produced via solution blending of WPD and WPU, followed by air‐drying. The results showed that WPD with a wide variety of colors can be easily synthesized by selecting different precursory reactive dyes and can be easily blended with WPU via moderate stirring. The colored PU membranes have good transparency and the logo under them can be clearly observed. Compared with the pure polyurethane membrane, the absorbance of colored polyurethane membrane at the wavelength of maximum absorption increases at least 20.2% even if the content of WPD within the colored polyurethane membrane is as low as 0.16%, implying that our WPD has excellent color strength. Finally, the colored polyurethane membranes have very high colorfastness to water and can be stored in deionized water for 2 weeks without dissolution of WPD. As a result, our developed WPD is a promising and cost‐effective colorant for WPU. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44710.     

Synthesis of Poly(3,3‐Bis‐Azidomethyl Oxetane) via Direct Azidation of Poly(3,3‐Bis‐Bromo Oxetane)

In order to avoid using highly unstable and sensitive monomer 3,3‐bis‐azidomethyl oxetane, poly(3,3‐bis‐azidomethyl oxetane) (PBAMO) was successfully synthesized via azidation of poly(3,3‐bis‐bromo oxetane) (PBBrMO) in the aprotic and polar solvent cyclohexanone in the presence of a catalyst. It was found that the azidation proceeded very fast and almost completed in 6 h when the reaction temperature was up to 115 °C. PBAMO was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR).     

Neutral-fixing reactive dyes for cotton. Part 1 —synthesis and application of quaternised S-triazinyl reactive dyes

A number of different tertiary amines have been employed to prepare the corresponding quaternised triazines from a selected monochloro-s-triazine reactive dye. Preparation conditions have been established along with suitable analytical methods. The reactivity of the quaternised dyes with cellulose has been determined, special attention being paid to neutral fixation at high temperatures (100°C). Good neutral fixation was achieved with all the tertiary amine derivatives studied. In the case of the nicotinamide derivative an anomalous hydrolysis reaction involving ring opening was noted; this reaction led to the formation of aminotriazine rather than the expected hydroxytriazine.     

First Example of Benzothiazole Azo Dyes Containing Cyclopentadienyliron Polynorbornene Macromolecules

Soluble cationic organoiron polynorbornenes with pendent hetarylazo side chains have been synthesized via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylideneruthenium(IV) dichloride (Grubbs' catalyst). The vibrantly colored organoiron polymers displayed weight average molecular weights between 24500 and 40900 and exhibited glass transition temperatures at 146 °C and 161 °C.