几种低合金铸铁的导热性

比较了几种低合金铸铁与HT200的导热性。指出：加入少量合金元素对铸铁导热性能影响不大；对于工作部位易发热升温而又对强度和耐磨性有一定要求的铸铁件，可选用低合金铸铁。     

高铬铸铁轧辊的生产工艺

为提高高铬铸铁轧辊的硬度和耐磨性,生产中从化学成分的选择、铸造工艺的分析以及热处理工艺等的研究方面探讨它们对高铬铸铁的组织和性能的影响.高铬铸铁试样经过高温淬火和中温回火(1070℃+450～480℃)后,其硬度高于铸态试样的硬度值,其耐磨性为铸态试样的1.61倍.用此工艺制造的高铬铸铁轧辊强度大、硬度高、耐磨性较好.     

QCr0.5铬青铜熔炼的生产实践

铬青铜合金具有较高的强度和硬度,以及优良的导电导热性能、耐磨和耐热性能,并易于压力加工,可用于制造电机整流子和电焊机的电极,以及在高温下要求具有高强度、硬度、高导电性和导热性的零件等,还可制成双金属用于刹车盘和圆盘等.     

等温淬火对高铬铸铁组织及性能的影响

研究了等温淬火工艺参数对高铬铸铁组织及性能的影响。结果表明,经950 ℃×2 h+280 ℃×2.5 h等温淬火后,高铬铸铁的基体组织为马氏体+下贝氏体+残留奥氏体,其硬度、冲击韧度及耐磨性均得到提升,与铸态相比,整体硬度提高约30%,冲击韧度提高约20%,耐磨性提高约41%,高铬铸铁实现了强度与韧性的良好配合。     

热变形后低铬耐磨铸铁的组织与耐磨性的关系

研究了低铬耐磨铸铁经40%热变形及不同方式冷却后的组织与耐磨性的关系。结果表明:该铸铁经热变形后的组织与耐磨性有良好的对应关系,其耐磨性随硬度的增加而增大,同时也与组织中碳化物的形状、大小及分布有关。     

过共晶高铬铸铁的定向凝固

在高铬铸铁的凝固过程中,凝固速度的变化会影响初晶碳化物和共晶碳化物的析出,并由此影响高铬铸铁的硬度、强度和耐磨性。试验利用定向凝固装置,研究凝固速度对初晶碳化物体积分数的影响及凝固速度与共晶高铬铸铁的宏观硬度、抗拉强度及耐磨性之间的关系。试验研究得出定向凝固过共晶高铬铸铁的磨损量仅为普通高铬铸铁的三分之一。     

热变形后低铬耐磨铸铁的组织与耐磨性的关系

研究了低铬耐磨铸铁经40％热变形及不同方式冷却后的组织与耐磨性的关系。结果表明：该铸铁经热变形后的组织与耐磨性有良好的对应关系，其耐磨性随硬度的增加而增大，同时也与组织中碳化物的形状、大小及分布有关。     

含磷蠕墨铸铁闸瓦的研制

本文研制了一种新型材质的闸瓦—含磷蠕墨铸铁闸瓦。试验结果证明,一定量的磷加入蠕墨铸铁中,其硬度、抗拉强度均满足闸瓦的使用要求而耐磨性可达到中磷灰铸铁闸瓦的2倍以上。磷加入蠕墨铸铁中使得蠕墨铸铁的磷共晶数量增加而石墨数量减小,因此使得其强度降低,硬度升高,闸瓦的耐磨性提高。     

合金元素和热处理对贝氏体球铁机械性能的影响

一引言贝氏体铸铁早在四十年代初就有过报导,其强度、硬度、塑性和韧性都远远超过珠光体铸铁。下贝氏体铸铁的极限强度可达120公斤/厘米~2,冲击韧性可达6公斤米/厘米~2以上,耐磨性相当于油淬马氏体,比珠     

锆在高铬铸铁堆焊层中的存在状态

通过在药芯焊丝中添加锆元素来制备含锆高铬铸铁堆焊层,用扫描电镜及EDS对高铬铸铁堆焊层中锆元素的存在状态进行观察分析,且对含锆和不含锆材料的宏观硬度及耐磨性进行测定。结果表明,锆在高铬铸铁堆焊层中全部是以碳化锆的形式存在的。碳化锆的数量与含锆量有关。铬及铁元素不进入碳化锆颗粒,锆元素也不进入碳化铬及基体。堆焊层的硬度及耐磨性试验证明,加入锆元素后材料的宏观硬度有所提高,但其耐磨性有所降低。     

Development of compacted vermicular graphite cast iron for railway brake discs

In the case of employing brake discs as a key component of mechanical brake equipment, the initiation of thermal cracking owing to repetitive thermal shock generated during braking may potentially lead to higher maintenance costs, worsened braking performance, and greater risk of railway accidents. The purpose of this study is to gain basic data to facilitate application of compacted vermicular (C. V.) graphite cast iron to brake discs in order to obtain high thermal crack resistance and improved lifetime. To this end, this study developed three types of C. V. graphite cast iron with differing content of key elements, including Ni, Cr, and Mo. Each test specimen underwent numerous tests for evaluation of materials characteristics, and the results were compared with those obtained for existing materials. The test results show that the thermal fatigue lifetime of material C is nearly double that of the conventional material. This demonstrates the suitability of material C as a material for brake discs in mid- to high-speed railway vehicles.     

铸钢轮装制动盘螺栓孔裂纹产生原因分析

以存在螺栓孔裂纹的铸钢轮装制动盘为研究对象,通过裂纹断口宏微观形貌观察、显微组织分析、拉伸性能测试、冲击性能测试、布氏硬度测试等手段分析了制动盘摩擦面螺栓孔裂纹的性质和成因。结果表明:裂纹属于热疲劳裂纹,螺栓孔倒棱处及摩擦面附近存在缩孔、疏松等铸造缺陷是导致制动盘在制动过程中循环交变热应力驱动下产生裂纹的主要原因;粗大的沿枝晶状分布组织降低了制动盘的强度、韧性和热疲劳性能,加速了裂纹的扩展。     

Effect of Alloying Elements on Thermal Diffusivity of Gray Cast Iron Used in Automotive Brake Disks

The purpose of this work was to experimentally investigate the thermal diffusivity of four different gray cast iron alloys, regularly used to produce brake disks for automotive vehicles. Thermal diffusivity measurements were performed at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600 °C. The influence of the thermal conductivity on the thermomechanical fatigue life is also briefly presented. The measurements were sensitive to the influence of the carbon equivalent and alloying elements, such as molybdenum, copper and chromium. Molybdenum, unlike copper, lowered the thermal diffusivity of the gray cast iron, and alloy E (without molybdenum), besides presenting a relatively low carbon equivalent content and an increase in the values of the thermal diffusivity, presented the best performance during the thermomechanical fatigue. The molybdenum present in alloys B and C did not fulfill the expectations of providing the best thermomechanical fatigue behavior. Consequently, its elimination in the gray cast iron alloy for this application will result in a significant economy.     

STUDY ON THE SiC_p./Al-ALLOY COMPOSITE AUTOMOTIVE BRAKE ROTORS

1. IntroductionThe SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMC) have sucll characteristics as high specific stiffness and strength, high wear resistance, high thermal condllctivity, and lightweight etc. Using such lightweight material, as aluminum matrix compositein brake systems is one of the ways to reduce unsprung weight of motor vehicles. Thetribological and wear behavior of the aluminum matrix composite have been reported bydifferent ...ea.chers[1--4], and AMC brake roto…     

石墨蠕化率对蠕墨铸铁受热变形趋势的影响

通过模拟蠕墨铸铁制动受热变形试验,采用薄片试样,模拟列车蠕墨铸铁制动盘使用时的受力情况,设计受热变形试验工装,给予试样两端一个相同的、较小的变形量(弹性变形范围内),模拟列车制动工况温度150℃,加热保温30 h,自然冷却后,在自由状态下测量试样的永久变形量,对试验数据进行统计分析,通过重复做多组试验来研究不同石墨蠕化...     

Al2O3短纤维/SiC颗粒混杂增强铝合金复合材料

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 短纤维和ＳｉＣ 颗粒混杂增强铝合金复合材料在制动过程中的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明复合材料在制动过程中的摩擦系数较稳定, 磨损量较小, 与传统的制动材料铸铁相比, 复合材料的表面温升较低, 铸铁由于表面温升较高而产生了大量的裂纹。复合材料由于增强体的存在, 制动过程中表面易形成致密连续的转移膜, 该转移膜的出现保证了复合材料在制动过程中摩擦系数的稳定, 降低了复合材料的磨损量。与铸铁相比, 复合材料的密度较低, 更适用于作制动材料     

制动盘用高碳当量灰铸铁的铌合金化

研究了微合金元素铌对剁车盘用亚共晶和过共晶两种高碳当量灰铸铁组织和性能的影响.结果表明,添加0.10%左右的Nb,可以细化高碳当量灰铸铁中片状石墨;材料的硬度、楔压强度随之提高,且抗热裂性明显提高.     

Wear Behaviour of Austempered Ductile Iron

Abstract

Castings are very widely used for critical friction and wear applications. As operating conditions are becoming more arduous, greater demands will be placed upon the casting industry to meet the requirements of the designer. This study was undertaken to evaluate the wear resistance of 2.5% Ni, 0.4% Mo austempered ductile iron, having a hardness of HB 270 and a high amount of retained austenite, in the particular context of a railway braking application. Pin-wear test data is presented, comparing wear behaviour of this ADI grade with that of a pearlitic grey cast iron which is currently employed as a brake block material in Iranian passenger trains, and with a 3% P cast iron which was developed in the UK.¹     

热处理对高铬铸钢组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析热处理对高铬铸铁的微观组织的影响,通过硬度测试和耐磨性测试研究热处理对高铬铸铁的力学性能影响.结果表明:当固溶处理温度在920℃以下时,淬火+回火后的组织为铸态组织;当固溶处理温度920℃及以上时,淬火+回火后铸态组织消失,出现淬火组织;随着固溶处理温度的升高,高铬铸铁硬度与耐磨性先升高后下...