Nanoparticles of Mesoporous SO3H‐Functionalized Si‐MCM‐41 with Superior Proton Conductivity

Nanometer‐sized mesoporous silica particles of around 100‐nm diameter functionalized with a large amount of sulfonic acid groups are prepared using a simple and fast in situ co‐condensation procedure. A highly ordered hexagonal pore structure is established by applying a pre‐hydrolysis step in a high‐dilution synthesis approach, followed by adding the functionalization agent to the reaction mixture. The high‐dilution approach is advantageous for the in situ functionalization since no secondary reagents for an effective particle and framework formation are needed. Structural data are determined via electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and X‐ray diffraction, proton conductivity values of the functionalized samples are measured via impedance spectroscopy. The obtained mesoporous SO₃H‐MCM‐41 nanoparticles demonstrate superior proton conductivity than their equally loaded micrometer‐sized counterparts, up to 5 × 10^?2 S cm^?1. The mesoporosity of the particles turns out to be very important for effective proton transport since non‐porous silica nanoparticles exhibit worse efficient proton transport, and the obtained particle size dependence might open up a new route in rational design of highly proton conductive materials.     

固体酸对介孔氧化铝导电性能影响

在介孔氧化铝(Al2O3)中掺杂固体酸硫酸氢铯(CsHSO4)制备具有高质子导电性能的材料.通过SEM、XRD表征其孔道形貌和晶型特点,采用氮吸脱附测试孔径大小和比表面积等性能参数,运用TG-DSC研究材料的热稳定性及水含量,并应用交流阻抗法测试材料导电率.结果表明,以仲丁醇铝为铝源,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成孔径约为25nm的介孔γ-Al2O3材料,材料具有介孔大小均匀、比表面积大、热稳定性高等特点;掺杂固体酸后,介孔Al2O3的导电率在低温范围提高一个数量级,热分析结果进一步证实固体酸的添加使介孔Al2O3的吸水率提高,从而使质子传导的速率增加,最终提高固体酸掺杂介孔Al2O3的导电率.     

Aerosol-assisted synthesis of mesoporous organosilica microspheres with controlled organic contents

Abstract

Periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) spherical particles with different organic contents were synthesized in one pot by reacting 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) using a spray-drying technique. The scanning electron microscopy observation of spray-dried products clearly showed the formation of spherical particles. The ²⁹Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance data revealed that the organic contents due to ethane fragments embedded in the frameworks were controllable and consistent with the BTSE/TEOS molar ratios of precursor solutions. Transmission electron microscopy, small-angle x-ray scattering, and N₂ adsorption data of PMO with controlled organic contents indicated that the ethane fragments were embedded in the frameworks with the formation of ordered mesostructures. PMO with a high organic content (BTSE/TEOS=0.50) only showed a hydrophobic property. According to the same procedure, benzene groups were also integrated to a similar degree in the frameworks by using 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene.     

m-PH-SiO2/Nafion复合膜的质子导电性

为提高Nafion膜在中温段的质子导电性,用溶胶-凝胶法制备比表面积为386 m2/g掺磷中孔SiO2 (m-PH- SiO2),并与Nafion的N,N二甲基甲酰胺溶液混合,重铸法制备不同m-PH-SiO2含量的m- PH- SiO2/Nafion复合膜.用N2-吸附脱附和TEM表征m-PH- SiO2的介孔结构,S...     

Characterization of chiral mesoporous materials by transmission electron microscopy

By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the chirality of novel mesoporous materials has been studied. In addition, a computer simulation that uses a simple structural model was employed. The existence of chiral channels inside a tubelike material was confirmed by the observation of fringes along the length of the tubes. The chiral pitch of the channels was measured from the intermittent period, the chirality (right- or left-handed) was determined from the tilt direction of a tube compared with the direction of incident electrons and the curvature direction of the curved intermitted fringes as viewed in the TEM images.     

Simple synthesis of hierarchically ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica materials hosting crosslinked enzyme aggregates

Hierarchically ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica materials (HMMS) were synthesized using a single structure-directing agent. The mesocellular pores are synthesized without adding any pore expander; the pore walls are composed of SBA-15 type mesopores. Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed the presence of uniform pore structures with two different sizes. Using HMMS as a nanoscopic template, hierarchically ordered mesocellular mesoporous carbon (HMMC) and polymer (HMMP) materials were synthesized. HMMS was used as a host for enzyme immobilization. To improve the retention of enzymes in HMMS, we adsorbed enzymes, and then employed crosslinking using glutaraldehyde (GA). The resulting crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) show an impressive stability with extremely high enzyme loadings. For example, 0.5 g alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) could be loaded in 1 g of silica with no activity decrease observed with rigorous shaking over one month. In contrast, adsorbed CT without GA treatment resulted in a lower loading, which further decreased due to continuous leaching of adsorbed CT under shaking. The activity of crosslinked CT aggregates in HMMS was approximately 10 times higher than that of the adsorbed CT, which represents a 74-fold increase in activity per unit weight of HMMS due to higher CT loading.     

In vivo biodistribution and urinary excretion of mesoporous silica nanoparticles: effects of particle size and PEGylation

The in vivo biodistribution and urinary excretion of spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are evaluated by tail-vein injection in ICR mice, and the effects of the particle size and PEGylation are investigated. The results indicate that both MSNs and PEGylated MSNs of different particle sizes (80-360 nm) distribute mainly in the liver and spleen, a minority of them in the lungs, and a few in the kidney and heart. The PEGylated MSNs of smaller particle size escape more easily from capture by liver, spleen, and lung tissues, possess longer blood-circulation lifetime, and are more slowly biodegraded and correspondingly have a lower excreted amount of degradation products in the urine. Neither MSNs nor PEGylated MSNs cause tissue toxicity after 1 month in vivo.     

介孔SO42-/TiO2的一步法制备及其光催化性能

通过对TiOSO4溶液热水解用一步法制备出大比表面积、高活性的介孔SO42-/TiO2光催化剂.用低温氮吸附-脱附等温线、XRD、Hammett指示剂、艾氏卡等方法对SO42-/TiO2催化剂进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝的光催化氧化降解反应考察了催化剂的光催化性能.结果表明,在焙烧过程中硫酸根和偏钛酸孔壁上的自由羟基键合,不仅有效地抑制了TiO2晶粒的长大和晶相转变,而且起到了孔结构形成的导向及支撑作用,使TiO2保持了介孔结构、较高的比表面积和锐钛矿相,同时S=O键的强电子诱导效应还使邻近的Ti成为超强酸中心,促进了TiO2光生电子-空穴对的分离,延长了电子-空穴对的寿命,从而有效地提高了TiO2的光催化活性.     

氰基功能化介孔二氧化硅的制备与表征

以2-氰乙基三乙氧基硅烷(CTES)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,采用共缩聚法在酸性条件下合成了氰基功能化的介孔二氧化硅.通过XRD、SEM、氮气吸附脱附、FT-IR和元素分析等技术对样品的结构、形貌、孔性质和官能团等进行了表征.研究结果表明,硅源的混合方式对氰基的引入量和分布有一定影响,其中以直接混合方式所得样品中基团含量最高,其分布也最均匀.另外,随着氰基引入量的增加,样品的形貌与孔结构略有变化.当CTES加入量超过20mol%时,材料的介孔由圆柱形的直孔道向瓶颈型的孔道结构发生转变.同时随着材料中氰基含量增大,样品的孔容由0.70 cm3/g降到0.22 cm3/g、表面积从666 m2/g降到312 m2/g,孔径由4.2 nm减小到2.7 nm,表明氰基分子占据了部分孔道空间.     

介孔炭材料及介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料对大分子有机污染物的吸附

介孔炭材料与活性炭相比具有较大的孔体积和孔径,高的比表面积以及规则的孔道结构,而介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料兼顾了活性炭与介孔材料的优点,因此在吸附大分子有机污染物方面有很好的应用前景。笔者综述了近年来介孔炭,负载/修饰后的介孔炭,介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料的制备和最新研究进展。在制备方面,根据其制备机理的不同可分为硬模板法和软模板法,制备出有序的介孔炭与介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料。在应用方面,重点介绍了介孔炭材料和介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料对大分子有机污染物的吸附性能。进而对介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料在吸附方面的应用进行了展望。     

水热法合成介孔氧化硅材料的结构及表面特性

以十六烷基三甲基溴化氨 (CTMABr)为模板剂 ,利用碱性水热法制备了介孔氧化硅材料 ,并采用小角度XRD、HRTEM、BET和FT IR等测试手段研究了其孔的结构、表面N2 吸附特性和孔径分布情况。结果表明 :碱性水热法制得的介孔氧化硅材料具有规则的六方结构 ,介孔的最可几半径为 1 9mm ,比表面积为 5 42 8m2 / g ,孔容为 0 4 5 6cm3/ g。     

巯基功能化介孔氧化硅的合成及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附

采用直接模板法,以三嵌段共聚物P123作为模板剂,酸性条件下制备出了具有规则孔道结构的介孔氧化硅.用有机硅烷MPTMS对其进行后续功能化,引入了对Pb2 离子有吸附能力的巯基基团.通过HRTEM、FTIR和N2吸附脱附等测试手段对功能化前后氧化硅的结构进行表征,结果表明,巯基功能团接枝在介孔氧化硅孔道内壁.吸附实验结果显示,巯基功能化氧化硅对水中Pb(Ⅱ)离子具有选择吸附性.当铅与铜、镉离子摩尔比为1:5时,巯基功能化材料对其吸附的分配系数之比分别为KdPb2 /KdCu2 =13.1和KdPb2 /KdCd2 =9.2.在Cu2 、Cd2 离子摩尔浓度相同时,此功能化介孔材料对Cd2 的吸附能力大于对Cu2 的吸附能力.     

TiO2介孔光催化剂的制备研究进展

介孔TiO2是一种新型高效的光催化剂，综述了介孔TiO2的各种制备方法及其相关材料性能和在光催化降解方面的应用。分析了目前介孔TiO2材料合成和应用中存在的问题，展望了该领域的研究前景。     

超声化学法制备介孔复合材料的研究

将超声技术引入介孔材料的合成中是近年来研究的热点 ,用超声诱导的方法可大大缩短合成时间 ,又可获得性能优良的介孔复合材料。从超声化学的基本原理和特点出发 ,主要介绍了超声法在制备硅基介孔材料和非硅基介孔材料方面的应用 ,并对超声化学法在该领域的发展前景进行了展望。