一种基于散斑结构的全息显示屏

提出一种全息平面显示屏的设计和制作方法。显示屏由全息像素单元组成,每一个像素单元都基于散斑的像面全息结构,其中基元光栅起到调制入射光并定向衍射成像的作用。分析了显示屏的视场特性,数值模拟了记录参考光不同入射角度和起限制垂直方向视场作用的狭缝的宽度对再现散斑像的影响。制作出幅面大小为600 mm×800 mm(约40″),厚度为1.5 mm的普通投影全息显示屏,给出相应的制作流程和制作参数。结果表明,全息显示屏具有高亮度和消色散的优点,浮雕型结构便于进行大幅面的快速微纳米压印复制,使得所提出的显示屏具有低成本的工艺优势。     

激光显示中散斑减弱的研究

简述了散斑的形成机理,具体分析了在近场条件下通过降低激光的时间或空间相干性来抑制散斑的方法,以及仅通过降低激光的相干性来减弱激光显示中散斑的缺陷。提出一种全新在远场条件下减弱散斑的超声光栅法,且详细说明了超声波减弱散斑的工作原理。当合成的激光束通过因超声波在液体媒介中的传播而形成的"位相光栅"时,激光发生衍射,通过一系列透镜将所有衍射光完全会聚到投影屏幕上,投影移动的干涉条纹在屏幕上产生"沸腾"的散斑图样,考虑到人眼的视觉暂留特性。散斑在人眼中得到均匀化。以绿光为例,说明了激光束通过"位相光栅"时,经过CCD相机和图像处理系统,显示屏幕上散斑对比度和光强的变化,显示了超声光栅法有效地抑制了激光显示中的散斑现象。     

动态主观散斑的时间相关性研究

根据散射屏移动时动态主观散斑时间相关公式,分析了成像系统主要参数对动态主观散斑时间相关性的影响：一般情况下屏表面参数对散斑的时间相关性影响较小;激光光斑大于成像系统物面分辨斑时,散斑的时间相关性由透镜孔径大小决定;激光光斑小于成像系统物面分辨斑的尺寸时,减小激光光斑尺寸能减弱散斑时间相关性。对于以上结果进行了相关的理论模拟和部分实验验证,通过模拟发现,激光光斑小于成像系统物面分辨斑时,散斑时间相关长度和光斑尺寸大小成正比。结论对于激光投影系统中利用时间平均进行的散斑抑制具有指导意义。     

Guidance of waves by a moving unidirectionally conducting screen

The scattering problem for a moving, unidirectionally conducting screen excited by a conical wave is analyzed using the exact relativistic integral representation previously derived by the author (see ibid., vol.37, no.1, p.64-70, Jan. 1989). The screen is in uniform motion in its own plane and in a direction perpendicular to that of conduction. The screen is found to respond with a conical scattered field and a certain type of surface waves which are of a different nature from that which a stationary screen allows. An equivalent image source is found, and low-velocity effects are show explicitly     

Image theory for the unidirectionally conducting screen

Image theory is developed for electromagnetic sources in front of a planar unidirectionally conducting screen, made of ideally conducting parallel wires with thickness and interspace dimensions much smaller than the wavelength. Replacing the screen by the image sources gives the correct reflected and transmitted fields on the respective sides of the screen. The problem is solved through a decomposition of the original source in two parts, giving rise to fields TE and TM with respect to the direction of the wires. For the TE and TM source components, the images can be constructed from previous knowledge. For an electric dipole source, the images are seen to involve dipole and transmission-line sources     

放大视读屏技术研究

现行的照明用具一般体积较大、不易随身携带且不具备图像放大能力,为了给广大学习者尤其是视力不佳者提供一种全新的学习照明装置,设计了一种便携式放大视读屏.它具有柔光照明和图像放大双重功能:该屏利用梯形波导板的受抑全内反射原理,将侧面导入的LED光束从上下表面导出,实现了均匀的柔光照明功能;同时利用模压在波导板下表面的菲涅耳透镜实现了可调的图像放大功能.根据上述设计原理,通过ZEMAX软件对该视读屏的工作效果进行了理论模拟和参数优化,并制作了一块120 min×80 min×4 mm的视读屏,结果表明照明光线均匀柔和、放大效果清晰一致,成功实现了柔光照明和图像放大双重功能.     

基于自适应局部增强的手机TFT-LCD屏Mura缺陷自动检测

针对手机屏幕图像整体亮度不均以及Mura缺陷对比度低等特点,提出一种基于自适应局部增强的Mura缺陷自动在线检测方法。首先对CCD相机采集的手机屏幕原始图像进行感兴趣区域提取、几何校正、滤波等预处理,获取图像中的屏幕区域,然后将屏幕区域划分为多个不重叠的像素块,并根据每个像素块的灰度分布特征,采用自适应局部增强算法自动识别并定位图像中的Mura区域,最后考虑到Mura缺陷大小的不确定,提出采用多层级分块的方式对屏幕区域进行检测,提高算法鲁棒性。实验结果表明,相较现有多种屏幕缺陷自动检测算法,本文方法能更准确有效地识别手机屏幕中的Mura缺陷,且覆盖率和误检率分别为91.17%和5.84%。     

激光投影显示中新型散射体的散斑抑制

激光的强相干性造成了激光投影显示中出现大量干涉条纹和散斑,为了消除干涉条纹和散斑对图像质量的影响,采用旋转新型散射体(Engineered DiffuserTM)的方法在一定积分时间内获得叠加的清晰图像。首先,介绍了激光投影显示中散斑的成因及采用时间平均抑制散斑的理论依据。接着,分析了传统散射体毛玻璃和Engineered DiffuserTM在结构及功能上的区别。最后,建立了旋转新型散射体抑制散斑的激光投影显示实验装置,对比验证了旋转新型散射体抑制散斑的效果。实验结果表明:散斑对比度降低到3.08%,图像质量良好,无明显干涉条纹。该方法满足商用激光投影显示体积小、简单易行等要求。     

An optimized CNN-based quality assessment model for screen content image

Most existing convolutional neural network (CNN) based models designed for natural image quality assessment (IQA) employ image patches as training samples for data augmentation, and obtain final quality score by averaging all predicted scores of image patches. This brings two problems when applying these methods for screen content image (SCI) quality assessment. Firstly, SCI contains more complex content compared to natural image. As a result, qualities of SCI patches are different, and the subjective differential mean opinion score (DMOS) is not appropriate as qualities of all image patches. Secondly, the average score of image patches does not represent the quality of entire SCI since the human visual system (HVS) is sensitive to image patches containing texture and edge information. In this paper, we propose a novel quadratic optimized model based on the deep convolutional neural network (QODCNN) for full-reference (FR) and no-reference (NR) SCI quality assessment to overcome these two problems. The contribution of our algorithm can be concluded as follows: 1) Considering the characteristics of SCIs, a valid network architecture is designed for both NR and FR visual quality evaluation of SCIs, which makes the networks learn the feature differences for FR-IQA; 2) with the consideration of correlation between local quality and DMOS, a training data selection method is proposed to fine-tune the pre-trained model with valid SCI patches; 3) an adaptive pooling approach is employed to fuse patch quality to obtain image quality, owns strong noise robust and effects on both FR and NR IQA. Experimental results verify that our model outperforms both current no-reference and full-reference image quality assessment methods on the benchmark screen content image quality assessment database (SIQAD). Cross-database evaluation shows high generalization ability and high effectiveness of our model.     

激光投影成像中二次散斑传输特性分析及实验研究

为探究激光投影成像中二次散斑传输特性规律,搭建了测试系统,采用半导体激光器作为光源,对不同粗糙度散射屏幕表面产生的二次散射场散斑衬比度进行了测量.实验结果发现,随着散射屏幕和观测平面距离的增加,散斑衬比度呈现出先减小后增大最后趋于平稳不变的一个趋势.并在散斑形成及传播机理的基础上,理论分析了该种特定时间相干长度光源产生...     

基于光纤振动的激光散斑控制

散斑噪声的存在使得图像灰度剧烈变化,降低了图像分辨率,影响成像质量。为了控制散斑噪声,使用波长为405nm的激光作为显微系统照明光源,利用音圈电机振动光纤,通过对抛光玻璃显微成像,用CCD图像采集卡采集图像后进行了散斑噪声对比度分析。结果表明,在光纤振动幅度不变、振动频率在4Hz~55Hz内逐渐增加时,图像散斑对比度在0.0326~0.1197范围内逐渐变小;当频率大于51Hz时,图像散斑对比度曲线趋于平稳且对比度在0.0326处获得了最小值,图像清晰,达到良好的散斑控制。     

An optimized polarization sensitive Salisbury screen

A transmission line equivalent circuit model for strip gratings is used to determine the performance of both conducting and resistive gratings. A polarization sensitive Salisbury screen is designed in which the space cloth is replaced by a resistive grating and the ground plane is replaced by a parallel conducting grating. The new Salisbury screen performs like the traditional screen for an incidentE-field parallel to the strips, but is transparent for the perpendicular polarization.     

Recaptured screen image identification based on vision transformer

Due to the copyright issues often involved in the recapture of LCD screen content, recaptured screen image identification has received lots of concerns in image source forensics. This paper analyzes the characteristics of convolutional neural network (CNN) and vision transformer (ViT) in extracting features and proposes a cascaded network structure that combines local-feature and global-feature extraction modules to detect the recaptured screen image from original images with or without demoiréing operation. We first extract the local features of the input images with five convolutional layers and feed the local features into the ViT to enhance the local perception capability of the ViT module, and further extract the global features of the input images. Through thorough experiments, our method achieves a detection accuracy rate of 0.9691 in our generated dataset and 0.9940 in the existing mixture dataset, both showing the best performance among the compared methods.     

激光显示中斑纹横向尺寸的估计

介绍了减弱散斑的很多方法,并分析了这些方法用来抑制激光显示中散斑的缺陷。通过研究分析激光电视的工作原理,得出了激光电视屏幕上散斑的形成原因。并建立了出瞳面和像面的二维坐标系统,利用统计光学方法得到了像面散斑光强横向自相关函数和规范化自相关函数的表达式,进一步推出像面散斑横向尺寸的平均大小。以红光为例,计算出斑纹横向尺寸的大小。最后分析和讨论了抑制激光显示中斑纹的方法,为以后激光电视中斑纹的消除奠定了理论基础。     

A morphology screen coding anti-counterfeiting method based on visual characteristics

A paper information anti-fake and tamper-proofing method based on human visual characteristics and morphology screen coding technology is proposed. Through controlling the distribution of mathematical morphology of screen dot-matrix, warning mark and information are hidden in the background texture. Because of the differences between human vision and the duplicate characteristics of copy machine, warning mark which can not be discriminated by human eyes will emerge after copy. Tampered or fake certificates can be verified by comparing embedded information which is extracted from scanned image of certificate with plain text printed on the certificate： This method is applied in many bills and certificates. Experimental results show that the identifica- tion accuracy is above 98%.     

Salisbury screen with reduced angular sensitivity

A new Salisbury screen absorber design is presented, which yields a significantly reduced sensitivity to angle of incidence. This is achieved by using an artificial magnetic ground plane, which is designed to scatter the reflected signals in a conjugate phase relationship with respect to the change in the electrical spacing between the ground plane and the resistive screen. Numerical and experimental results in the range 8?12 GHz are used to demonstrate that scan compensation can be obtained over the angular range 0?40° thus removing the shift in the resonant frequency that occurs in conventional Salisbury screen absorbers when operated off normal incidence.     

基于颜色空间转换的高动态图像双屏显示方法

针对高动态范围图像映射后偏色问题及图像细节显示不足问题,提出了一种基于颜色空间转换与双屏结合的显示方法。首先将高动态图像转换到HSL空间,采用自适应对数算法进行亮度映射及相应的饱和度增强,再次转换到RGB空间并进行LCD-FED双屏分割显示。实验结果表明该方法不仅解决了偏色问题,而且在细节表现能力上也有了很大的提升,其失真度仅为3.7%。     

散斑噪声污染的激光水下图像滤波算法

水是一种特殊的介质，在激光水下图像中总存在因水的后向散射引起的散斑噪声。充分利用形态学的不同结构多元方向形态滤波的多分辨率特性，以及形态学运算固有的能将大量的复杂图像处理运算转换为基本的逻辑与移位运算的组合来完成的特点，提出了一种多方向的形态滤波算法。不仅有效地抑制了因海水后向散射引起的散斑噪声，同时保留了激光水下目标图像的几何结构细节特征，实验表明这是一种有效的滤除水下激光图像散斑噪声的快速滤波算法。     

基于FPGA的LED屏控制器设计

通过对大型户外全彩LED显示屏的研究,基于FPGA设计了一种LED显示屏的控制系统。该系统主要工作基于Altera公司提供的DE1开发板上进行设计,在Quartus II的软件开发环境下,采用层次化设计,用Verilog HDL语言建立分频时钟模块、数据采集和重组模块、扫描驱动模块,最后连接成一个整体的系统模块,进行仿真和调试,完成FPGA控制系统的设计。通过SPI通信协议发送数据,完成了64×64的LED屏的图形显示,从而验证了LED大屏幕的设计方法。本方案实现的显示控制系统方法,满足目前LED大屏幕区域显示和高速处理图像数据的要求,具有稳定性高、设计灵活等特点。     

用一种新的独立分量分析算法实现极化SAR图像相干斑抑制

极化SAR图像为雷达图像中的信息处理和获取提供了更为便捷的途径。本文在研究极化SAR成像特点的基础上，介绍了用一种新的独立分量分析(ICA)方法—Infomax算法来进行相干斑抑制，完成了从极化SAR图像中分离相干斑噪声的仿真试验。实验表明，Infomax算法收敛速度较慢，但稳健性好。经ICA处理后的图像其相干斑噪声得到了有效的抑制，具有较低的相干斑指数，明显地改善了图像的质量。