TiAl合金表面激光重熔等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层研究

为了进一步提高TiAl合金表面等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层的高温氧化性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织及抗氧化性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层氧化前后的表面形貌、微观组织和相组成.结果表明:经过激光重熔处理后,涂层片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,消除了喷涂层的大部分孔洞、夹杂等缺陷,同时使Al元素在涂层表面的重新分布,形成了Al的富集区;等离子喷涂MCrAlY层能显著提高TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其抗高温氧化性能.     

激光-等离子束复合制备热障涂层高温性能试验研究

在GH536高温合金基材上,采用矩形积分透镜,激光重熔等离子喷涂NiCrAlY/8YSZ热障涂层。1050℃的静态氧化试验和热震试验的结果表明:激光重熔可以改善热障涂层的抗氧化性能,能量密度33J·mm-2的激光重熔试样具有高于等离子喷涂试样的热震寿命,氧化阻力的改善与重熔层致密组织有关,微细网状裂纹释放热震应力的作用是热震寿命提高的主要原因。     

等离子喷涂-激光重熔陶瓷涂层存在问题及改进措施

等离子喷涂是目前国内、外最常用的金属表面陶瓷涂层技术，但涂层的组织呈粗大的片层状、孔隙度较高、裂纹较多，且涂层与基材间为机械结合。等离子喷涂层的激光重熔为这一技术难题的解决提供了一条新的途径，使陶瓷材料的优异性能充分发挥出来。为此，综述了国内、外激光表面重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的研究现状，总结了等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层激光重熔后的组织特征与性能特点，分析了激光重熔过程中存在裂纹和剥落等问题的原因，提出了这些问题的解决途径，并展望了该项技术的应用前景。     

激光表面重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的研究与发展

总结了等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的缺欠以及激光重熔等离子喷涂陶涂层所存在的问题,在分析问题产生原因的基础上,提出了防止激光重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层裂纹,气孔和剥等问题的同时指出了激光了涂陶瓷涂层的发展趋势。     

超音速微粒轰击粘结层对热障涂层抗氧化性能的影响

较长时间高温氧化,会使金属粘结层与热生长氧化物界面处贫铝,造成热喷涂陶瓷层失效.对金属粘结层进行超音速微粒轰击,可以增加铝扩散的浓度梯度,提高热障涂层的抗氧化能力.采用等离子喷涂(APS)在镍基高温合金GH99上制备了热障涂层,并对粘结层进行了超音速微粒轰击处理,研究了该处理工艺对粘结层显微结构及高温氧化行为的影响.结果表明:APS热障涂层经1 050 ℃、96 h氧化后.热生长氧化物层产生大量非保护性混合氧化物;超音速微粒轰击工艺使粘结层表层区域产生大量位错等缺陷,涂层经1 050 ℃、3 h氧化后进入稳态氧化期,同时出现Al在粘结层表层的富集,经1 050 ℃、196 h氧化后粘结层无加速氧化趋势,热障涂层的抗高温氧化性能得到提高.     

常规和纳米ZrO_2-7%Y_2O_3等离子喷涂热障层及其激光重熔后的抗热震性能

为了探讨激光重熔对等离子喷涂常规和纳米热障涂层(TBCs)的影响,采用等离子喷涂工艺在γ-TiAl合金表面制备了常规和纳米ZrO2-7%Y2O3TBCs,并对其进行激光重熔处理,研究了等离子喷涂常规TBCs、激光重熔-等离子喷涂常规TBCs、等离子喷涂纳米TBCs及激光重熔-等离子喷涂纳米TBCs 4种涂层在850℃下的抗热震性能。结果表明:4种TBCs热震失效次数依次为73,118,146,163次,相应的热震破坏形式分别为整体剥落、局部剥落、边角剥落和局部剥落;纳米结构有利于提高涂层的抗热震性能;激光重熔在一定程度上改善了等离子喷涂层的抗热震性能。     

高温合金表面激光熔敷热障涂层组织结构与氧化性能

采用 5KW连续CO2 激光器对Ni基高温合金上二次重熔NiCoCrAlY和ZrO2 陶瓷层进行了研究。结果表明 :激光快速熔化和凝固获得定向外延生长、紧密堆积的柱状晶氧化锆陶瓷层。NiCoCrAlY结合层与柱状晶之间存在氧化铝层 ,保证了柱状晶与NiCoCrAlY层的联结。扫描电镜和电子探针联合分析发现 ,氧化锆层与NiCoCrAlY结合层、结合层与基体间均为冶金结合。采用化学改性氧化锆消除了涂层裂纹。高温氧化性能测试得出激光重熔试样氧化动力学近似地遵守抛物线速率方程。在 12 0 0℃ ,空气下激光熔敷TBCs 抗氧化性明显高于等离子喷涂TBCs。     

高温合金表面激光熔敷热障涂层组织结构与氧化性能

采用5KW连续CO2激光器对Ni基高温合金上二次重熔NiCoCrAlY和ZrO2陶瓷层进行了研究。结果表明，激光快速熔化和凝固获得定向外延生长，紧密堆积的柱状晶氧化锆陶瓷层。NiCoCrAlY结合层与柱状晶之间存在氧化铝层，保证了柱状晶与NiCoCrAlY层的联结。扫描电镜和电子探针联合分析发现，氧化锆层与NiCoCrAlY结合层，结合层与基体间均为冶金结合，采用化学改性氧化锆消除了涂层裂纹。高温氧化性能测试得出激光重熔试样氧化动力学近似地遵守物线速度方程，在1200℃，空气下激光熔敷TBCs抗氧化性明显高于等离子喷涂TBC。     

粘结层喷涂方法对铜基体与热障涂层结合强度的影响

为提高铜基体上热障涂层的工作温度和寿命,分别采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)和等离子喷涂(APS)制备NiCrAlY粘结层,采用等离子喷涂制备ZrO2-8%Y2O3陶瓷面层.用拉伸试验测试了热障涂层的结合强度,利用SEM分析了拉伸断口的成分分布和微观形貌.研究表明,用HVOF制备粘结层的热障涂层的结合强度为47.9 MPa,用APS制备粘结层的热障涂层的结合强度为31.2 MPa.与等离子喷涂制备粘结层相比,采用超音速火焰喷涂制备粘结层可明显提高ZrO2陶瓷涂层的结合强度.     

激光重熔过程中激光功率对镁合金表面等离子喷涂YSZ涂层结构的影响

为了提高铝合金的综合性能,采用等离子喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金表面沉积氧化钇部分稳定二氧化锆(YSZ)涂层,并采用二氧化碳激光器对涂层表面进行重熔处理,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及三维激光成像显微镜研究了重熔激光功率对涂层物相组成、组织结构及表面形态的影响规律。结果表明:YSZ涂层在激光表面重熔过程中保持了相结构的稳定性,即喷涂态及激光重熔后的涂层均由非转变型的四方相组成;随激光功率的增大,重熔区厚度不断增加,且喷涂态涂层的层状组织结构在激光重熔后消失,气孔率降低;在激光处理过程中,产生了大量的内应力,导致纵向(垂直于涂层表面)裂纹的萌生及扩展;涂层表面粗糙度随激光功率的增加而不断降低,并且在功率低于400 W时下降更明显。     

WC基热喷涂金属陶瓷涂层的激光改性研究

本工作研究了CO2激光重熔处理对超音速火焰喷涂WC--Co和WC--NiCr涂层的组织结构和摩擦学行为的影响。结果表明：选定优化参数下,激光重熔可降低涂层气孔率,提高涂层显微硬度,涂层与基材之间实现冶金结合;干摩擦条件下,涂层经过激光重熔处理耐磨性能显著提高;但润滑条件下劣于未经重熔处理涂层,这可能与未重熔涂层含有较多的气孔,可存储润滑油较好地发挥润滑效果有关。     

激光重熔对NiCrBSi等离子喷涂层显微结构和性能的影响

1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢表面的NiCrBSi等离子喷涂层存在孔洞及与基体结合差等缺陷,为此进行了激光重熔处理.采用扫描电镜和显微硬度压痕仪分别对涂层的显微结构和力学性能进行了对比研究,采用SRV试验机评价了涂层激光重熔前后的滑动摩擦磨损性能,研究了激光重熔对NiCrBSi等离子喷涂层结构和性能的影响.结果表明:经过激...     

Laser Remelting of Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings

A CO2 continuous wave laser with defocused beam was used for remelting the surface of plasma sprayed ZrO2-8 Wt pct Y2O3 (8YSZ)/Ni22Cr10AlY thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on GH536 superalloy substrate. Two main laser processing parameters, power and travel speed, were adopted to produce a completely remelted layer, and their effects on remelted appearance, remelting depth, density and diameter of depression, space of segment crack and remelted microstructure were evaluated. With energy of 4.0 to 8.0 J.mm(-2), an appropriate laser processing for applicable remelted layer was suggested.     

Laser remelting of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY and NiCrAlY-Al2O3 coatings

Two types of plasma sprayed coatings (NiCrAlY and NiCrAlY-Al2O3) were remelted by a 5 kW cw CO2 laser. With increasing laser power and decreasing traverse speed in the ranges of 200 similar to 700 W and 5 similar to 30 mm/s respectively, the melted track grew in width and depth. In the optimum range of laser parameters, a homogeneous remelted layer without voids, cavities, unmelted particles and microcracks was formed. On the surface of remelted layers, Al2O3 and YAlO3 were detected. As a result of isothermal oxidation tests, weight gains of laser remelted coatings were obviously lower than that only plasma sprayed, especially laser remelted NiCrAlY-Al2O3 coatings. The effects of laser remelting and incorporation of Al2O3 second phase in NiCrAlY matrix on high temperature oxidation resistance were discussed.     

Laser Remelting of Plasma Sprayed NiCrA1Y and NiCrAlY-A12O3 Coatings

Two types of plasma sprayed coatings (NiCrAIY and NiCrAIY-AI2O3) were remelted by a 5 kW cw CO2 laser. With increasing laser power and decreasing traverse speed in the ranges of 200～700 W and 5～30 mm/s respectively, the melted track grew in width and depth. In the optimum range of laser parameters, a homogeneous remelted layer without voids, cavities, unmelted particles and microcracks was formed. On the surface of remelted layers, AI2O3 and YAIO3 were detected.As a result of isothermal oxidation tests, weight gains of laser remelted coatings were obviously lower than that only plasma sprayed, especially laser remelted NiCrAIY-AI2O3 coatings. The effects of laser remelting and incorporation of Al2O3 second phase in NiCrAIY matrix on high temperature oxidation resistance were discussed.     

Functionally gradient ceramic/metallic coatings for gas turbine components by high-energy beams for high-temperature applications

Failure of turbine blades generally results from high-temperature oxidation, corrosion, erosion, or combinations of these procedures at the tip, and the leading and trailing edges of a turbine blade. To overcome these limitations, functionally gradient ceramic/metallic coatings have been produced by high-energy beams for high-temperature applications in the aerospace and turbine industries to increase the life of turbine components. Thermal spray processes have long been used to apply high-temperature thermal barrier coatings to improve the life of turbine components. However, these processes have not met the increased demand by the aerospace and turbine industries to obtain higher engine temperatures and increased life enhancement as a result of the inhomogeneous microstructure, unmelted particles, voids, and poor bonding with the substrate. High-energy beams, i.e. electron beam-physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD), laser glazing, laser surface alloying, and laser surface cladding, have been explored to enhance the life of turbine components and overcome the limitations of the thermal spray processes. EB-PVD has overcome some of the disadvantages of the thermal spray processes and has increased the life of turbine components by a factor of two as a result of the columnar microstructure in the thermal barrier coating (TBC). Laser glazing has been used to produce metastable phases, amorphous material, and a fine-grained microstructure, resulting in improved surface properties such as fatigue, wear, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures without changing the composition of the surface material. Laser surface alloying and laser surface cladding have shown promising results in improving the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the substrate's surface. Metal-matrix composite coatings have also been produced by a laser technique which resulted in increased wear and oxidation-resistant properties. The advantages and disadvantages of thermal spray processes, EB-PVD, laser glazing, laser surface alloying, and laser surface cladding will be discussed. Microstructural evolution of thermal barrier coatings, recent advancements in functionally gradient coatings, laser grooving, and multilayered textured coatings will also be discussed.     

添加稀土铈对热浸镀铝45钢的组织及其性能的影响

采用SEM和XRD研究了添加不同含量铈对45钢基热浸镀铝镀层及其退火后的组织和结构影响,并用氧化增重法考察了镀层的耐热性,用M-2000型摩擦磨损试验机测试了镀层退火后的耐磨性能。结果表明,镀液中稀土铈质量分数为0.1%~0.25%时,镀层晶粒细化、厚度降低,退火合金层厚度增加。稀土铈能抑制合金层的Fe2Al5相生长,使镀层合金层以FeAl3、少量Fe2Al5相为主,使退火合金层以FeAl、Fe3Al相为主。稀土铈含量为0.25%时,镀层的抗高温氧化性和镀层退火后在油润滑下的耐磨性最佳。     

Homogenization of Carbides in Ni60/WC Composite Coatings Made by Fiber Laser Remelting

In the current study, the effect of laser remelting on homogenization of carbides in WC-reinforced Ni60 composite coatings was investigated. Ni60 + 50 wt% WC composite coatings were fabricated on the surface of Q550 steel by LDF4000-100 fiber laser device. First cladding layer was made by rectangle laser spot and then circular laser spot was utilized to remelt the coatings. Microstructure characteristics were investigated by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. Elemental distribution and phase constitution were analyzed by energy disperse spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that accumulation of residual WC particles was sufficiently eliminated under the effect of laser remelting. The irregularly shaped carbides in first cladding layer were transformed into well-distributed polygonal carbides by laser remelting. Statistical analysis indicated median size of reinforcement particles decreased from 35.40 to 5.62 µm. Microhardness of remelted region had a smooth profile and decreased by ?50 HV_0.1 than that of first cladding region. Homogenization of carbides in nickel composite coating was well realized by laser remelting.     

激光熔覆原位生成Nb_2(C,N)及V_8C_7陶瓷粒子增强铁基金属涂层

采用5kW CO2激光设备,在42CrMo基体上制备出原位合成Nb2(C,N)及V8C7颗粒增强的铁基复合涂层,研究了熔覆层的组织及性能。结果表明:激光熔覆层主要组成相为α-Fe相、γ-Fe相、Nb2(C,N)及V8C7;增强相颗粒弥散分布在铁基复合涂层中,与母材相比,其磨损失重约为母材的1/8,显著提高了熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性。进一步的抗氧化性实验结果表明,氧化层结构连续致密,与42CrMo基体相比,在750℃/120h恒温氧化后的氧化层的厚度约为基体氧化层厚度的1/8。