试论工程量清单计价与完善招标投标制

工程量清单计价是一套比较科学的报价体系。是完善建筑工程招标投标市场,健全造价市场机制的有效途径。     

建筑业造价与控制管理方法浅探

我国建筑造价费用的构成及计算程序和方法对招标投标有着极大的约束力,因此研究现行建筑工程造价构成很有必要.根据社会主义市场经济的发展形势,利用科学管理方法和先进管理手段,合理地确定造价和有效地控制造价,以提高投资效益和建筑安装企业经营效果.     

工程量清单报价的进一步研究

工程量清单报价是一套比较科学的报价体系，是完善建筑工程招标投市场、健全工程造价市场形成机制的有效途径，其科学性体现在工程造价“量”与“价”的分离。但从国内一些地区实践情况以及国内研究情况来看，还存在很多有待完善的地方，如清单项目构成、单价组成以及报价没有脱离定额这个框框等。本文立足于市场竞争机制，结合工程项目建设特点，先探讨了合理报价模式应该具备哪些特征，然后从实证角度分析清单项目构成、单价构成、费用划分等内容，并据此探讨工程量清单报价的新模式，以期有利于工程造价改革、完善招投标市场。一、合理报…     

浅谈施工企业如何适应工程造价改革

随着清单报价制度改革在全国的推行,建筑工程新的招标投标计价制度逐步被熟悉和使用。它改变了原来建筑市场忽视企业差异和复杂市场环境变化,以相对静止和滞后的定额来决定工程真实造价的计价方法。实行工程量清单计价,施工企业不仅要提高管理水平和生产效率,加快技术进步,优化     

工程造价模糊预测系统的研究

由于建筑工程造价是决定建筑工程建设成本的主要因素,而建筑建设成本在建筑企业成本中占很大比重。加强建筑工程造价管理,合理控制建筑工程造价,有利于增强建筑企业市场竞争力,有利于建设资源节约型社会,有利于控制造价增长水平。因此,需要在建筑工程建设全过程之中采用系统方法加强控制,以达到有效控制造价,节约项目资金,促进国民经济发展的目的。     

浅谈建筑工程造价管理的现状及对策

构成城市的一个组成部分就是建筑,建筑不仅仅为人们提供相应的场所,还与经济、文化、生活有着密切的关联。建筑项目开始之前所设花费费用就是建筑工程造价,是项目投资中非常重要的一个环节。本文将围绕建筑工程造价管理的现状及对策进行分析与探讨。     

建筑工程投标文件中的不规范行为

建筑工程招标投标是以工程项目为标的物，在招标人与投标人之间进行的交易活动。尽管建筑市场招投标工作为规范建筑工程项目，承发包商起了很大作用，但因招标投标运行机制存在的问题及现行建筑工程计报价模式的缺陷，招标投标行为过程仍有许多不尽人意之处。     

浅析建筑工程造价的动态管理与成本优化控制

建筑工程造价就是建筑工程全过程发生的费用之和,工程造价管理是指对工程投资费用的管理,对工程价格的管理。建筑工程造价管理是建筑企业成本控制的关键和基础,做好建筑工程造价的动态管理与成本优化控制对于建筑企业有着至关重要的意义,有助于提高建筑企业的综合效益,提升建筑企业的竞争力。本文从建筑工程造价动态管理与成本优化控制的四个原则和五个实施阶段,对建筑工程造价的动态管理与成本优化控制进行深入分析与论述,以期为建筑工程造价管理提供参考。     

浅析建筑工程造价的特点及构成

建筑企业应该从战略的高度认真看待建筑工程造价工作,将建筑工程造价作为提高企业核心竞争力的重要手段和途径,建立各种措施将建筑工程造价落到实处,形成以建筑工程造价管理和控制整个建筑工程的成本和目标。本文根据建筑工程的实际造价工作,对建筑工程造价的特点进行了研讨,重点分析了建筑工程造价的构成要素,以便在建筑工程造价工作中能够更好地实现整体目标。     

建筑工程项目建设全过程造价咨询管理现状及对策

随着我国经济的不断发展,建筑企业为了提升自身的市场竞争力,开始重视成本管理工作,尤其是建筑工程项目全过程的造价咨询管理,市面上出现的造价咨询机构也在持续增加.造价咨询机构能为建筑企业提供咨询服务,帮助建筑企业完善造价管理工作,有效地控制工程建设成本.本文主要分析当前建筑工程项目建设全过程造价咨询管理现状,并提出改善对策...     

The effect of experience on contractors' competitiveness in recurrent bidding

This paper considers the relationship between bidding competitiveness, organizational learning and experience and it measures the effect of contractors' bidding experience on competitiveness in recurrent bidding, a notion that conceptualizes a continuous decision-making process in which experiential learning plays a key role. The data analysis demonstrates that contractors who bid more frequently over a six-year period are more competitive than contractors who bid occasionally. It is found that greater bidding competitiveness is positively correlated with the frequency of bidding attempts. An analysis of contractors' bidding performance on a pairwise basis supports this finding. Not only does the pairwise analysis show that the bidding competitiveness of experienced contractors who bid frequently is greater, but also that experienced contractors' bidding attempts fall within a relatively small competitiveness range when compared with that of contractors who only bid occasionally. A key finding of this paper is the existence of some experienced contractors, who may be perceived as being ‘experienced market players’, having the attribute of a more competitive and consistent bidding performance. This research should be useful to procurers looking to prequalify contractors on the basis of experience and to contractors in analysing their bidding performance and/or their competitors' bidding performance.     

南京市建设工程承包商投标行为实证研究

为验证南京市建筑市场中承包商是否存在投标行为非理性现象,通过对承包商投标存在问题的综述,采用实证方法对承包商的投标行为、投标竞争情况进行研究.选取南京市施工承包商中最具有代表性的20家作为研究对象,运用SPSS V15.0对其投标数据进行分析,得出这20家承包商投标行为之间存在较好的一致性,并根据投标竞争力对这20家承包商重新排名.     

Start-up and steady-state learning in recurrent bidding

Is contractors' bidding competitiveness under the governance of the adaptive learning mode? The adaptive learning model suggests contractor organizations would regulate the use of a bidding strategy, which is deemed optimal in response to recurring and similar bidding situations. A data set on open tendering by a select group of contractors was gathered over six years by the Hong Kong government and used to test this premise. The behaviour of the eight newly listed contractors indicates that an upward trend of bidding competitiveness in initial bidding attempts is not a generic phenomenon. The theoretical construct of bidding behaviour in the start-up phase is therefore dubious. Data lend only partial support to the existence of rapid learning during the start-up phase. However, the five more experienced contractors (indicated by the largest number of bidding attempts) show high and consistent bidding competitiveness. This provides evidence that contractors display behavioural regularity when the optimal bidding strategy has been reached. Construction organizations are, therefore, urged to treat organizational learning strategically in their attempts to maintain high competitiveness in the bidding process.     

浅谈建安工程成本管理

建安工程成本管理为工程造价全过程管理。投资决策阶段对楼盘的定位是关键;工程设计及优化设计是建安成本管理最重要的前提;选择工程承包单位与材料供应商,进行公开招投标是控制工程成本的最有效办法;合同及造价确定是整个工程成本的核心;还要把好工程材料、设备价格关及提高工程变更的预见性;工程结算是核定建安工程成本的最终依据及核定新...     

Start-up and steady-state learning in recurrent bidding

Is contractors' bidding competitiveness under the governance of the adaptive learning mode? The adaptive learning model suggests contractor organizations would regulate the use of a bidding strategy, which is deemed optimal in response to recurring and similar bidding situations. A data set on open tendering by a select group of contractors was gathered over six years by the Hong Kong government and used to test this premise. The behaviour of the eight newly listed contractors indicates that an upward trend of bidding competitiveness in initial bidding attempts is not a generic phenomenon. The theoretical construct of bidding behaviour in the start-up phase is therefore dubious. Data lend only partial support to the existence of rapid learning during the start-up phase. However, the five more experienced contractors (indicated by the largest number of bidding attempts) show high and consistent bidding competitiveness. This provides evidence that contractors display behavioural regularity when the optimal bidding strategy has been reached. Construction organizations are, therefore, urged to treat organizational learning strategically in their attempts to maintain high competitiveness in the bidding process.     

Determining bid markup and resources allocated to cost estimation in competitive bidding

To win a project contract through competitive bidding, contractors submit a bid price that is determined by putting a markup on the estimated project cost. The success of the bid is therefore heavily dependent on the accuracy of that estimate, meaning that sufficient resources should be allocated to the estimation process. This paper develops a novel optimization model for simultaneously determining the bid markup and the resources that should be allocated to cost estimation. We begin by deriving optimality conditions for this simultaneous optimization model and illustrating them with numerical examples, for which purpose only we assume a single competitor and uniformly distributed estimation errors. To analyze a more realistic situation, we then examine computational solutions to our model. Through these two approaches, we investigate the effects of the bid-markup decision and resource allocation on the contractor's expected profit, and we highlight the significance in competitive bidding of the markup and allocation.     

浅析不平衡报价模型的建立

对不平衡报价进行了介绍,根据工程量清单报价招标和工程款支付的特点,利用不平衡报价原理,建立了不平衡报价的模型,为承包商运用不平衡报价提高中标率和获得理想经济效益提出了建议。     

市政公用工程招标阶段造价控制要点分析

招标阶段是选择工程施工与安装承包商的关键阶段,其招标文件确定了工程合同的核心条款,确定了工程施工阶段工程造价管理的基本框架和制度流程,对工程实施造价控制有关键性影响。本文通过对招标阶段影响工程造价的主要因素进行分析,从而提出在招标阶段造价控制的主要措施。     

浅谈FIDIC合同条件下的海外项目投标

在海外项目投标过程中,要熟悉FIDIC合同条款,明确参与海外项目承包竞争的投标目的,认真分析研究业主的招标文件及项目现场情况,为海外项目的投标做好充分的准备工作并确定投标策略。本文简要分析了海外项目承包中的风险。     

Impact of considering need for work and risk on performance of construction contractors: An agent-based approach

Competitive bidding is the main mechanism of allocating projects in the construction market. In the traditional single criterion bidding method, the markup decision has a significant impact on a contractor's business success. Contractors usually take into consideration several factors in the process of determining their markup. This study has reviewed the literature and identified a range of contractors' behaviors when making their markup decision within a competitive bidding environment. An additive markup function consisting of three components, namely competition, risk, and need for work, was developed in order to replicate markup behaviors of contractors. Then, agent-based modeling has been employed for simulating the bidding process within a market formed of a set of heterogeneous contractors with different risk attitudes and defined markup behaviors. This model was used to study the impact of considering need for work and risk allowance in markup determination on financial performance of contractors in various market scenarios. Results suggest that the optimal policy is moderation in both dimensions of risk attitude and need for work.