煤泥离心过滤过程的综合助滤机理研究

利用实验室小型变频调速离心过滤机进行了煤泥悬浮液脱水试验，研究了连续离心动态过滤过程中的滤饼过滤效应及其影响截留粒度的因素，同时分析了滤饼离心助滤、动态滤饼及变驱动力强化助滤的机理和效果．结果表明：综合滤饼过滤、动态过滤、变驱动力离心过滤等因素对改善细粒煤泥过滤脱水效果具有非常积极的意义。     

一种降低脱硫石膏滤饼氯离子含量的过滤试验方法

针对电厂脱硫石膏浆液过滤工艺中存在的脱硫石膏滤饼氯离子含量高,导致脱硫石膏等级降低的问题,通过对脱硫石膏浆液进行粒度分析,确定满足过滤性能的滤布类型,结合圆盘真空过滤机的工作原理,探索出一种降低脱硫石膏滤饼氯离子含量的过滤试验方法.试验结果表明,该试验方法可以降低脱硫石膏滤饼中氯离子含量,提高石膏滤饼的品质,为圆盘真空...     

细粒煤压滤滤饼的微观结构分析

基于过滤理论，探讨了量化滤饼内部结构对拓展过滤理论的可行性，提出了借助扫描电镜分析研究细粒煤压滤滤饼微观结构的新途径．研究了滤饼的内部空隙率、最大空隙直径、平均空隙面积等因素对压滤滤饼脱水效果的影响．从量的角度分析了各种因素影响细粒煤滤饼最终水分的原因．结果表明：当入料粒度由0．045mm逐渐增加到0．5mm过程中，滤饼的孔隙率由3．87％逐渐增加到15．46％，同时孔隙平均面积则由2．14μm^2增加到8．24μm^2。     

加压过滤工艺性能试验研究

介绍了加压过滤试验的研究条件和装置。通过试验,获取了不同工艺条件下的过滤曲线,并求得了滤饼比阻和工作介质阻力。同时,试验分析了过滤压力、悬浮液质量分数、粒度分布及温度等因素对过滤性能的影响。     

浮选细精煤压滤脱水非均相分离动力学特性

基于脱水理论及非均相分离特点分析,研究了永城无烟煤浮选细精煤脱水非均相分离过程,提出了细精煤脱水理论模型和动力学简化方程.结果表明:浮选细精煤压滤脱水具备非均相分离流体动力学作用特点,脱水速度是操作推动力、过滤介质、滤饼特性、煤浆属性及有效压密面积系数的函数,压滤过程分为过滤及压榨脱水,给出了永城无烟煤浮选细精煤过滤方程,滤饼压缩性指数s值为0.855 9,物料特性常数k为0.237 1.     

助滤剂对浮选硫精矿过滤特性的影响

针对浮选矿精矿滤饼薄，含水量的问题，探讨了不同类型表面活性剂及聚丙烯酰胺絮剂对硫精矿滤饼含水量和过滤速率的影响的影响，并对作用机理进行探讨。实验结果表明，非离子型低分子表面活性剂可降低液气表面张力，使矿粒表面疏水化，从而降低滤饼含水量；阳离子型絮凝剂通过絮凝作用可显著提高过滤速率，对滤饼含水量影响不大；自制HG－12非离子表面活性剂与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺DA－1适当复合使用，可有效降低滤饼含水量3．1％（质量分数），并提高了过滤速率，同时，具有较高表面活性和絮凝作用的高分子表活性剂聚氧乙烯UC－309，在用量为100g/t时，可将滤饼含水量降低3．9％，使滤饼比阻降低，过滤速率加快。     

基于VB的恒压滤饼过滤过程模拟的研究

通过对过滤过程中基本方程的研究,为了减少过滤试验的工作量,采用计算机模拟的手段对滤饼过滤过程进行研究,将滤饼形成过程假想分割成诸多增量,从而利用时间增量,借助 VB程序设计语言,设计一套适用于恒压滤饼过滤的模拟程序,通过该程序,可以模拟计算出过滤过程中的一些相关参数和结果,为滤饼过滤过程的研究提供了一种可靠的新方法。      

环糊精在PVA渗透蒸发膜中的应用

介绍了环糊精的结构，性质及其在ＰＶＡ渗透蒸发膜中的应用。实验中利用戊二醛合ＰＶＡ和环精糊低聚物交联的方法来制备ＰＶＡ／ＣＤ渗透蒸发膜，该膜具人优异的渗透蒸发特性。     

滤网与滤饼之间粘附力的试验研究

滤网与滤饼之间粘附力使滤饼与滤网剥离后仍有部分残余滤饼留在滤网上．粘附力是造成过滤机实际生产效率低于过滤机过滤能力的主要原因．通过试验对滤网与滤饼之间粘附力进行了研究，推荐了一些常用滤网的粘附力，并且提出了减少滤网与滤饼之间粘附力的途径．     

医药中间体过滤性能试验研究

采用了恒压抽真空过滤的试验方法,对三种晶体形状的医药中间体物料的过滤特性进行了试验和分析,探讨晶体形状、固相浓度对医药中间体的过滤特性如过滤速率、滤饼比阻、滤饼空隙率及滤饼的可压缩性等的影响,结果表明,晶体的形状与固相浓度对过滤性能有较大的影响.     

Effect of slurry conditioning on flocculant-aided filtration of coal tailings studied by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray micro-tomography

The present work aimed to study the effect of slurry conditioning on flocculant-aided filtration of coal tailings by the analysis of filtration kinetics and filter cake structure. Laboratory filtration tests of the coal tailings showed that both the shear rate and agitation time have significant effects on filtration rate and cake moisture. Moderate agitation at the shear rate of 92 s⁻¹ was favorable for fast filtration, but high cake moisture was encountered. The low-field ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of the filter cake showed that the slurry conditioning has a significant effect on the residual water in large pores and a negligible effect on the residual water in small pores. The X-ray micro-tomography (XRM) measurements indicated that the filter cake formed at the shear rate of 92 s⁻¹ has more macro-pores and higher porosity than that formed at the shear rate of 53 s⁻¹, hence more residual water was entrapped in filter cake. The slurry conditioning in the presence of flocculant will change the structure of filter cake and affect the filtration performance. There was a paradox between fast filtration rate and low filter cake moisture. The findings enable better understanding of the effect of slurry conditioning on flocculant-aided filtration of coal tailings.     

泥饼抗冲刷能力强弱的机理研究

本文提出，在有压差作用时，泥饼颗粒之间的粘结力由两部分组成；一部分是以范德华力为主的内聚力；另一部分则是与泥饼上压差有关的附加粘结力。泥饼的宏观特性如渗透率、孔隙度、厚度、压缩性以及泥饼上的压差等都将影响这两种粘结力的大小，从而影响泥饼的抗冲刷能力，以及滤失量的大小。     

Comparative filtration and dewatering behavior of vitrinite and inertinite of bituminous coal: Experiment and simulation study

The filtration and dewatering of fine clean coal not only ensure industrial water recycle in coal washing plant, but also reduce the moisture of coal product in order to meet the requirements of combustion or coking industry. Fine clean coal is mainly composed by organic matter, and the property difference of different organic matter determines the filtration and dewatering behavior. In this investigation, vitrinite and inertinite were separated from a clean bituminous coal, and the comparative filtration and dewatering behavior of vitrinite and inertinite were conducted. The results showed that inertinite has lower dewatering rate and higher filter cake moisture than vitrinite. The analysis of filter cake structure showed that inertinite particle is easier to be broken into small particles due to the difference of mechanical properties, thus forming more compact filter cake than vitrinite. The analysis of particle surface properties showed that vitrinite is more hydrophobic than inertinite, which makes water easier drained from filter cake. The simulation study showed that the structure of inertinite is more porous than that of vitrinite,and the interaction between inertinite and water is stronger than that between vitrinite and water. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving coal dewatering by selectively improving coal maceral hydrophobicity.     

改性聚丙烯酰胺对方解石的助滤性能

研究了聚丙烯酰胺 ( PAM)、羟甲基化聚丙烯酰胺 ( HMPAM)、磺甲基化聚丙烯酰胺 ( SMPAM)和氨甲基化聚丙烯酰胺 ( AMPAM)对细粒方解石的助滤性能。结果表明 :在相同的相对分子质量下 ,改性 PAM对细粒方解石的助滤效果为 :SMPAM>HMPAM>PAM>AMPAM。     

Experimental Study on a New Dual-Layer Granular Bed Filter for Removing Particulates

A new dual-layer granular bed filter for hot gas cleanup was invented and studied experimentally. Fine sand, 0.5-1 mm grain size and about 1350 kg/m^3 bulk density, was used as the lower layer of the filter. Expanded perlite particles, 2-5 mm grain size and about 70 kg/m^3 bulk density, was used for the upper layer of the filter in this study. It was confirmed that the sizes and densities of these two media matched well; the binary media remained in complete segregation during regeneration by fluidization. Test results show that the filtration of the expanded perlite particle layer was characterized as ＂deep bed filtration.＂ Filtration of the fine sand layer was ＂surface cake filtration.＂ The expanded perlite particle layer contributed about 90% to the bed dust capacity, but only about 20% to the total bed pressure drop, which increased the bed dust capacity ten fold compared to a single-layer bed of the same sand and the same total bed pressure drop. The dust cake on the surface of the fine sand layer raised the collection efficiencies to over 99.99%.     

Membrane fouling characteristics analysis of high concentration powdered activated carbon-microfiltration integrated system

The membrane fouling characteristics of high concentration powdered activated carbon-microfiltration (HCPAC-MF) integrated process are studied by comparing them with those of direct microfitration system using the particle counter,scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results indicate that the specific flux of HCPAC-MF is 3 times better than that of the direct filtration process after the system is stabilized. The addition of HCPAC changes the particle distribution of raw water and influences the structure of surface fouling layer. The PAC with irregular shapes aggregating on the membrane surface makes the cake layer structure loose and increases the roughness of membrane surface,and this decreases the thickness of hydrodynamic boundary layer and the membrane resistance. After the physical cleaning,the membrane surface and pores are clean without any fouling matters aggregation,which illustrates that the cake layer of PAC can be formed quickly in this HCPAC environment and prevent the occurrence of irreversible fouling.     

絮凝剂WHL1在过滤中的助滤行为

实验通过改变絮凝剂WHL1的使用条件(如分子量、用量、矿浆pH值和过滤压差等)来研究其在铜精矿过滤中的助滤行为.结果表明:当矿浆pH约为10,用量为20 g/t,分子量为3×106,水解度为40%时,WHL1既能提高过滤速度,又对降低滤饼水分有所作用.     

湖北省主要粮食及其副产品硒含量与分布的研究

本文运用电热氢化—原子吸收分光光度法,对湖北省产稻谷、小麦、玉米、大麦、菜子饼、棉子饼、大豆饼、芝麻饼、大豆、米糠、小麦麸皮、花生饼十二种粮食及其副产品(以下简称粮油产品)204个试样中硒元素的含量进行了测定、分析和评价。结果表明:湖北省粮油产品硒平均含量为0.094ppm接近高硒含量(0.100ppm)水平。高于0.050ppm的65.7％;不同品种间硒分布差异显著,不同农业区域硒分布亦差异较大,鄂西南山区、鄂西北山区、鄂中丘陵、鄂东丘陵四大区域的粮油产品硒含量在0.100ppm以上,由此勾划出湖北省以七岳山、武陵山、巫山、大巴山、荆山、武当山等山脉为依托,背西向东由中部过荆山山脉沿大洪山延伸,直至大别山南麓成巨大丁字状高硒分布带。本调查为开发和综合利用湖北省硒资源提供了可靠依据。     

结合分形理论的水泥絮凝研究

目的对水泥絮凝进行定量化研究,找出其微观结构与宏观性质的联系.方法用“激光颗粒分布测量仪”测试了不同水泥絮凝颗粒的粒度分布,分析了各絮凝颗粒的分形特征,探讨了分形维数与水泥比表面积、净浆流动度的关系.结果水泥絮凝颗粒的粒度分布具有很好的自相似性,属于典型的无规三维分形体;且分形维数越大,比表面积越大,水泥净浆流动度越小.结论用分形维数对抽象的水泥絮凝粒度分布进行定量描述是可行的,从分形维数可以推断出比表面积和净浆流动度等宏观性质的变化趋势.     

SCIENTIFIC BASES FOR PREPARATICN OF DIATOMITE AND PERLITE FLTER-AID

According to the filtration mechanism andfiltration formula, it is considered that thesurface area, bulk density and grain size distri-bution of filter-aid are the main factors affectingthe filtration rate. On the basis of analysing phy-sical and chemical properties of diatomite and per-lite, the scientific bases for preparation of filteraid are discussed. It is possible that the complexfilter aid, which is made up of low grade diatomiteand perlite, is favourable to build-up a fine"steely-bridged structure" for the filter cake, andits filtration performance of beer could be improvedas good as that of commercial filter-aid made fromhigh grade diatomite. The above points have beendemonstrated by the results of laboratorial andindustrial experiments of beer filtration.