水质模型在提高管网余氯措施模拟中的应用

以郑州市现状水力模型为基础,对软件水力追踪和水质模拟功能进行开发及应用,可实现管网水龄计算、余氯衰减模拟、供水区域追踪等功能。建立管网余氯模型,可模拟管网中余氯的总体水平和变化情况,可为南水北调通水后管网"黄水"控制措施的制定提供重要依据。通过模拟以及结合研究成果预测水质风险区,可提高应对水质风险能力。同时,可根据管网水中余氯衰减情况和管网末梢的余氯水平,指导水厂加氯量。     

城市供水管网仿真模拟分析平台的开发与应用

针对人们对城市供水安全性要求日益提高、供水系统的规模不断扩大、复杂性随之提高等问题,对城市供水管网仿真建模与软件开发技术进行了系统研究．首先,对供水管网参数测试分析技术进行研究,较为准确地掌握了整个供水管网的用水量负荷、用户用水模式及变化规律、压力分布规律及主要供水管段的实际过流能力等状况,建立供水管网仿真模拟数据库．在此基础上,以供水管网科学合理运行、保障供水水质等为目标,结合供水管网在线监测技术,以某城市开放式区域供水管网为例,建立了该区域供水管网微观水力模型,并开发了城市供水管网仿真模拟分析平台．该平台具有良好的扩展性及实用性,目前正在某城市进行应用．     

基于SOM网络模型的供水管网水质综合评价

以供水管网微观模型为基础,综合考虑各种水质指标,采用自组织特征映射(SOM)网络和K-means算法对城市供水管网饮用水水质进行聚类分析。结果表明,水质综合评价方法可以综合考虑各种水质指标,克服了单一指标评价模型极端化、片面化的缺点,客观反映了管网中饮用水的水质状态。可见,利用SOM网络模型进行城市供水管网水质综合评价是可行的。     

多水源供水管网余氯与节点水龄关系研究

为系统地研究多水源供水管网中余氯随节点水龄的变化规律,运用Microsoft Visual C++编程对某大城市局部供水管网进行供水区域划分,并结合MFC开发系统将每个供水区域以界面形式显示出来。运用EPANET 2计算管网节点水龄值和余氯值,并用实测余氯值进行参数率定。以每一个供水水源为起点、其供水区域内的管网末梢为终点,将每个节点余氯值和水龄值进行曲线拟合分析,得到拟合方程,这为进一步应用节点水龄评价管网水质提供了理论依据,也为水质安全保障及供水系统的调度管理提供了技术支撑。     

城市供水管网水质的数字化调控途径与应用

针对大型城市供水管网水质信息的间隙性、被动性和延迟性特征,提出了管网水质数字化调控理念.从供水管网水质数字信息收集、管网水质信息的在线数字评估和管网水质模型构建方面对实现管网水质数字调控途径进行了分析.介绍了管网水质数字化调控技术在上海世博园区供水管网优化运行信息化平台中的应用.     

多水源供水模式下市政管网水质风险评估

为应对多水源供水局面以及由此形成的新供水模式,在建立管网水质风险判定指数和划定五级风险分级基础上,针对北方某城市已切换"南水"区域和未切换"南水"区域,选取地表水供水区、地表水/地下水的混水区和单独地下水供水区三类代表性区域12个管网点,对"南水"通水后主要水质指标跟踪调查。通过对比"南水"通水前各点水质变化,预测当供水水源突然变化时,发生"黄水"风险从高到低为:单独地下水供水区、地表水/地下水的混水区和地表水供水区。依据风险预测结果,在"南水"停用前做出预案,为多水源供水格局下,水源调度时管网输配过程水质安全保证提供指导。     

城市供水管网的安全优化运行与污染控制

供水管网安全优化运行的目标,在于满足用户对水质、水量与水压的要求,并在此前提下最大限度地控制管道漏损、降低"爆管"风险、减少管网运行与维护费用.围绕上述目标,针对我国供水管网特点和供水企业管理特点,从输配过程水质安全保障、管网信息化建设、分级分区管理、漏损监测与控制、"爆管"预防、管道优化维护与更换等方面,系统讨论了供水管网安全优化运行与污染控制的技术策略,为我国城市供水管网的安全优化运行与污染控制提供了参考.     

供水管网水质化学稳定性分析及水质敏感区识别

针对南方某市多水源供水现状,研究了供水管网水质化学稳定性变化特征,并对该市供水管网水质敏感区进行识别。选取了该市不同水厂供水区域内20个管网采样点2019年3月—2021年3月的余氯、浊度及总铁数据,对不同区域不同季节的管网水质特性进行分析。结果表明,该市供水管网水质整体较好,管网水质敏感区主要集中在供水管网末梢、老旧城区及部分供水分界点,在水源调度过程中需重点关注。管网水质中浊度与余氯具有一定的负相关性,而水体浊度的增加与管道内壁含铁污染物的释放有关。     

供水管网节点水龄变化规律研究

运用EPANET2管网水力水质计算机模拟软件,对两种不同形式的管网进行分析,模拟了同一管网中不同位置的节点水龄变化,分析总结供水管网节点水龄的变化规律,为进一步研究节点水龄与余氯的变化关系,及供水管网中水质安全性评价和水质改善提供了参考.     

基于WaterGEMS的节点水龄与余氯变化规律分析

在供水管网水质评价体系中,节点水龄和余氯浓度是评价供水管网水质情况的两个重要指标。本文以某区供水管网为例进行分析,在建立水力模型的基础上,通过Water GEMS建模软件构建水龄分析模型和余氯浓度分析模型,对管网进行水力和水质的动态模拟。通过对管网不同点的水龄和余氯浓度模拟结果变化的分析,总结出了管网节点水龄突变型、周期性、线性递增的变化规律和管网整体余氯浓度呈衰减变化的规律;并归纳出了某一节点水龄与余氯的负相关关系,为评价管网水质情况及管网的科学化管理提供了科学的依据。     

基于风险评估的供水管网水质监测点优化模型研究

供水管网内源污染和外源污染协同监测下的水质监测点优化选址一直是供水领域的研究难点。为进一步提升监测点选址的科学合理性,采用模糊数学集法分析管网区域污染物、管道完整度以及管网低负压情况,量化确定管网的风险评估指数。将基于风险评估的节点监测用时期望值纳入监测点优化选址模型,结合监测失效率、水量覆盖度和监测点占比这3个优化目标,完善选址优化体系并建立多目标优化选址模型。使用MATLAB软件搭载基于参考向量的非支配排序多目标遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)成功求解该多目标优化模型,得到帕累托(Pareto)前沿解集。最后,基于Modena算例管网进行研究,与传统复合监测目标优化模型选取的选址方案进行对比发现,基于风险评估的供水管网优化选址模型选取的方案能有效降低监测用时,提高了监测效率。     

Health risk related to the presence of metals in drinking water from different types of sources

The aim of the paper is to assess health risk related to the exposure of people to contact with water contaminated with chosen metals, via ingestion and dermal routes. The results of analyses performed in 2012–2017 using water samples collected from a surface water intake point on the Dunajec, from infiltration wells and samples of treated water supplied to the water distribution system were used as the basis for calculations. Exposure assessment was performed for children and adults. It was demonstrated that treated water supplied directly into the water distribution system had superior parameters. In the case of adults, the calculated HI values were two or three times higher than for children over the entire analysed period in all three risk assessment scenarios. Health risk resulting from the presence of metals in water is mostly related to the ingestion exposure route. Dermal contact does not produce a considerable risk.     

基于层次分析和风险矩阵法的城市供水系统风险评估

以J市供水系统为研究对象,运用风险矩阵法和层次分析法对该市供水系统的风险进行了分析.结果表明,J市供水系统的风险等级接近Ⅲ级;原水系统和制水系统的风险等级达到Ⅲ级,且风险因素主要集中在自然因素、基础设施与设备设施三个方面;输配水系统及二次供水系统的风险等级为Ⅱ级,需要加强管理.同时,根据风险评估结果提出了相应的风险对策...     

Do we all face the same risk when bathing in the estuary?

With the development of coastal areas, microbial water quality is an emerging public health issue though few studies have focused on risks according to age. A survey was undertaken of faecal contamination in relation to recreational activities in the Peel Harvey estuarine system, Western Australia. Levels of exposure to contaminated water were estimated though social surveys. Follow-up was also conducted to estimate the incidence of disease associated with bathing in the estuary. Pathogen levels exceeded the guideline values recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) at most locations throughout the year. The social survey provided information about exposure of the population in age groups. Only 31% of the recreational users belonged to the healthy adult group upon which the WHO quantitative microbial risk assessment model is based. A correlation was established between microbial water quality and incidence of respiratory diseases for children as well as for adults. Exposure to recreational water increased the incidence of respiratory illnesses for the whole population almost by a factor 2. Behaviours which resulted in increased exposures were associated with increased incidence of illnesses were observed, particularly among children aged 11-15 yr, who exhibited the highest odd ratio (OR 4.23 [2.44-6.01], CI 95%, p=0.05). There is a need for combining epidemiology studies with risk assessment processes and complementing them with social surveys for understanding the risk of recreational activities to public health.     

浅谈管网水质安全的风险管理

管网水质安全是城市供水系统安全管理的重要一环,本文结合实际对管网水质风险的管理方法进行探讨,认为在风险识别分析的基础上,对主要影响环节集中优势资源实施重点监控,可明显减少或消除这些危险因素,提高管网水的水质。     

人工景观水体健康状况的综合评价方法

针对人工景观水体的特点,建立了水体健康状况的综合评价指标体系和模糊层次评价模型,并对整治前的同济大学三好坞人工景观水体进行健康诊断。结果表明,三好坞水体处于亚健康状态,水质保障是整治重点。研究成果可为2010年上海世博会园区景观水体建设与管理提供科学决策的依据,也可为其他景观水体的维护和修复提供参考。     

城市给水管网的水质变化规律研究

给水安全输配是保障饮用水水质的重要环节，对管网水质变化规律进行研究可为改善管网水质、建立水质模型提供基础数据。以天津市的给水管网为研究对象，沿水流路径开启消火栓放水进行测试，考察了余氯、浊度、TOC和三卤甲烷等主要水质参数在管网中的变化规律。结果表明，管道属性对水质有较大影响，并呈现出明显的规律性；为防止水质恶化，应定期排放管网末梢的死水。     

纯净水水质及生产企业风险评价系统

本文把层次分析法和灰色分析方法结合起来用于纯净水水质风险评价,用最差判别法对纯净水生产企业进行评价,并用Visual Basic计算机语言开发设计了一个水质风险评价系统。结果显示所给组合方法不仅可以判断纯净水是否符合标准,还可以评估符合标准的纯净水存在的潜在风险,最差方法在生产企业水质风险评价过程中具有一定实用性。所构建的纯净水水质风险评价系统,可以为纯净水水质监管部门提供方便的服务,自动生成的图形分析结果可以为监管部门提供直观、有效的数据。     

The Microbiological Quality of Private Water Supplies

This paper provides a detailed assessment of the microbiological quality of a selection of private water supplies. Samples were taken from 91 supplies and analyzed for total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci. The microbiological quality of the samples was generally poor, with almost 50% of the supplies failing to meet the required standards on at least one occasion. Given the high level of sanitary microbiological failures, there is the possibility that harmful microorganisms could be present and a significant risk to health cannot be discounted.     

The Microbiological Quality of Private Water Supplies

This paper provides a detailed assessment of the microbiological quality of a selection of private water supplies. Samples were taken from 91 supplies and analyzed for total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci. The microbiological quality of the samples was generally poor, with almost 50% of the supplies failing to meet the required standards on at least one occasion. Given the high level of sanitary microbiological failures, there is the possibility that harmful microorganisms could be present and a significant risk to health cannot be discounted.