载金属离子的13X分子筛吸附噻吩的动态特性

采用13X分子筛及负载Cu2 、Zn2 、Ni2 、Ag 的13X分子筛等五种吸附剂,对噻吩进行动态吸附特性研究.在φ10.5 mm×200 mm的吸附柱测定了五种吸附剂吸附正己烷溶液中的噻吩的穿透曲线.采用加热法对Zn2 -13X、Ni2 -13X、Ag -13X三种吸附剂进行再生,测定了再生后吸附剂的穿透曲线,对吸附剂再生前后的吸附性能进行了比较.结果表明Ag -13X吸附性能优于其它吸附剂,其对噻吩的吸附容量为60.20 mg·g-1.再生后的Ag -13X对噻吩仍有很好的吸附能力,吸附容量相比新鲜吸附剂的仅下降了5%.穿透点以前出口噻吩含量为0.这些结果为工业吸附装置的设计提供了必要的吸附数据.     

金属有机骨架结构MIL-101的合成及其吸附脱硫的工艺研究

采用水热合成方法合成金属有机骨架化合物MIL-101,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),对其产品表征,并研究提高合成产率的影响因素;以MIL-101做为吸附剂,研究吸附脱除汽油模型油中噻吩的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,晶化时间提高到10h,pH值为1.5时,MIL-101的合成产率达到60%,产率比文献值提高10%;在空速150h-1,MIL-101质量为0.075g,噻吩质量分数为1×10-3时,噻吩在正辛烷中的穿透容量为0.69%,饱和吸附量为4.62%;MIL-101和4A分子筛分层装柱,并利用N2在100℃对床层进行活化处理,消除了溶解水对吸附脱硫过程的影响;以甲苯为脱附剂,在100℃,空速为100h-1对吸附剂进行再生处理,再生率为96.38%。     

Cu（Ⅰ）-13X吸附噻吩/苯并噻吩的动态性能

采用液相离子交换法制备Cu（Ⅰ）-13X分子筛,进行噻吩（T）、苯并噻吩（BT）双组分的固定床动态吸附研究,考察模拟汽油原料中噻吩与苯并噻吩初始质量分数、床层停留时间、床层高度等条件对床层净化效果的影响.结果表明：随着模拟汽油原料中噻吩初始质量分数的增大,吸附剂饱和吸附容量增大,原料中噻吩初始质量分数为1 000μg/g时的吸附剂吸附容量比噻吩初始质量分数800μg/g时提高7.2%,增大原料中噻吩的初始质量分数,有利于苯并噻吩的脱除;床层停留时间较长有利于固定床吸附,停留时间由24 min增加至30 min时,吸附总容量增加19.2%,噻吩、苯并噻吩的饱和吸附量分别增加26.5%和25.5%;床层高度由16 cm增加至20 cm时,吸附剂饱和吸附容量增加8.9%,噻吩、苯并噻吩的饱和吸附量分别增加15.3%和6.6%.     

Ni/ZnO吸附剂反应吸附脱硫过程研究

对Ni/ZnO吸附剂脱除模拟汽油中噻吩硫的性能进行了评价,在温度400℃,压力1.0 MPa,液时空速(LHSV)60 h-1,氢气与模拟油的体积流量比为200(氢气体积为标准状态下的气体体积)条件下,Ni/ZnO吸附剂对硫含量为100μg/g的模拟汽油(A)和模拟汽油(B)的穿透硫容分别达到360 mg-S/g-sorb和292 mg-S/g-sorb。通过实验测定了模型化合物在吸附剂上的吸附热,结果显示吸附热的高低顺序为:3-甲基噻吩﹥甲苯﹥2-甲基-2-丁烯﹥噻吩﹥2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯。两种模拟汽油中噻吩硫在吸附剂上吸附性能和吸附热的不同,均表明Ni/ZnO吸附剂与汽油中噻吩硫相互作用形成了S—M键而不是π络合键。     

活性炭负载铜吸附剂的制备与脱除噻吩的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以活性炭为载体的Cu/AC吸附剂,并进行了模型柴油中噻吩的吸附脱除性能研究。采用N2吸附、SEM、TEM及XRD技术对吸附剂进行了表征。考察了浸渍时间、负载量、焙烧时间、焙烧温度对吸附脱硫效果的影响,得出吸附剂的最佳制备条件:浸渍时间为12 h,Cu负载量为5%(wt),焙烧温度为400 oC,焙烧时间为2 h。在此条件下制备的吸附剂对模型油中噻吩的脱除率达95.7%。最后对吸附机理进行了初步探讨,一价铜对噻吩的吸附作用较强,可能是通过π键配位作用对噻吩进行脱除的,具体的吸附机理仍待于进一步研究。     

乙醇脱水吸附剂吸附-脱附性能的研究

研究了乙醇脱水吸附剂对水和乙醇的气相吸附性能.在φ50 mm×700 mm的吸附柱中测定了乙醇脱水吸附剂吸附乙醇溶液中水的穿透曲线,考察了进料流速、进料浓度和床层高度对吸附穿透曲线的影响.采用热空气对吸附剂进行再生,测定了再生后吸附剂的穿透曲线,找出了最佳再生条件.用环境扫描电镜和热重-差示扫描量热分析仪对吸附剂的性质进行了表征.结果表明:吸附剂对水的吸附比乙醇强烈地多,可以选择性吸附水分,达到脱水目的.吸附剂吸水的最大吸附量可达20%,再生后的吸附剂对水仍有很好的吸附能力,体现了该吸附剂具有较高的工业应用价值.     

PEI改性SBA-15吸附分离COS/N2

聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性SBA-15的吸附剂用于脱除低浓度羰基硫(COS),吸附剂采用XRD、化学吸附仪和红外光谱进行表征.PEI改性SBA-15后,SBA -15结构没有太大变化,比表面积有所下降,吸附过程中存在化学吸附.在28℃下,PEI负载量为50％(质量分数)时对COS吸附效果最佳,穿透吸附量可达5.383 mg/g,饱和吸附量可达11.698 mg/g;60℃为最佳吸附温度,穿透吸附量可达11.724 mg/g,饱和吸附量可达32.38 mg/g;吸附剂可在100℃下用氮气吹扫再生.     

活性炭的改性条件及其对硫化氢吸附性能的影响

以工业活性炭为载体制备改性活性炭,对比研究了未改性活性炭,NaOH、Na2CO3、Fe(NO3)3、Cu(Ac)2改性活性炭及挂膜硫氧化细菌后活性炭在相同条件下对硫化氢穿透时间及吸附容量的影响。结果表明：在相同控制条件下,NaOH改性活性炭明显优于其它改性剂;不同梯度改性剂条件下,20% NaOH改性活性炭对硫化氢的吸附效果最好,吸附穿透容量为78.25 mg/g,穿透时间可以达到2000 min以上;不同改性剂挂膜硫氧化细菌后对硫化氢均有一定的处理效果,其中对已达到饱和吸附的NaOH改性活性炭挂膜后的再生效果可以达到100%以上,说明挂膜硫氧化细菌活性炭对硫化氢的处理具有很好的效果。     

2－萘酚在新型聚苯乙烯－二乙烯苯吸附树脂上的吸附

合成了用邻羧基苯甲酰基修饰的新型聚苯乙烯一二乙烯苯吸附树脂ZH—03和ZH-05．利用瓶点法研究了它们和Amberlite XAD-4树脂对288—318K下水溶液中2-萘酚的静态吸附和静态脱附特征。结果表明,ZH-03和ZH-05对水溶液中2-萘酚的吸附过程在合适温度时会使酚羟基和吸附剂表面的羧基发生作用,穿透吸附容量和饱和吸附容量显著提高,吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程：ZH-03和ZH-05对2-萘酚的穿透吸附容量为XAD-4的120％～133．3％．饱和吸附容量分别达到0．0868和0．105g／mL：用1mol/L的NaOH溶液再生时,比用甲醇作脱附剂具有明显优势。     

CuCl2-PdCl2/AC吸附剂的制备及其用于柴油脱硫的研究

以盐酸处理后的活性炭（AC）为载体制备了负载金属钯的PdCl2/AC吸附剂,用于对柴油中的噻吩进行吸附脱硫,并考察了CuCl2的加入量对PdCl2/AC吸附剂脱硫率的影响.结果发现：当Cu与Pd的摩尔比为2∶1时,制备的吸附剂对模型油中噻吩的脱除率达95.7％,明显高于未负载的活性炭.采用SEM及XRD对吸附剂进行了表征,并对吸附机理和吸附等温线进行了初步探讨.     

活性炭填充床脱除水中苯酚及填充床的再生

实验研究了活性炭填充床脱除水中苯酚的吸附性能,探讨其饱和吸附填充床的再生方法,结果表明当平衡浓度范围为0－0．8kg/m^3时,活性炭对水中苯酚的吸附能力达230kg/kg（吸附剂）,吸附等温线符合Langmuir型,填充床的穿透曲线和穿透时间强烈依赖于实验条件,较高的进料浓度,较大的进料速度,以及较短的床层长度都将使填充床穿透较快;用热的NaOH稀溶液可再生被苯酚饱和的活性炭纤维填充床,再生效率达90％以上。     

Gas-phase mercury removal through sulfur impregnated porous carbon

Gas phase mercury removal is a vital unit operation in gas processing industries. The present work attempts to prepare a sulfur impregnated carbon at optimized experimental conditions and compares its elemental adsorption capacity with the number of commercially available carbon based adsorbents. The effect of adsorption temperature on mercury adsorption capacity has been estimated for the prepared sulfur impregnated carbon. The adsorption capacity was found to increase with increase in adsorption temperature owing to the chemisorption nature of the adsorption. The adsorption isotherms were generated at three different temperatures and were found to close adhere to the Langmuir Isotherm model. The adsorption capacity was found to increase until 140 °C, while decrease beyond, which was attributed to the softening and agglomeration of sulfur. The maximum adsorption capacity of 4325 μg/g was observed at a temperature of 140 °C. A comparison of the relative adsorption capacity of various adsorbent at 30 °C, revealed the adsorption capacity of the sulfur impregnated carbon prepared in the present work much higher than the commercially available carbons. The high adsorption capacities with simple preparation techniques favor the commercial mercury adoption process.     

超声法制备Ce^4＋/13X分子筛的吸附脱硫性能

采用在离子交换过程中引入超声的方法制备了Ce4 /13X分子筛,考察了超声法对分子筛的制备及脱硫性能的影响,并考察了静态吸附条件对Ce4 /13X在低硫模型汽油(硫含量为23 mg/kg)中的脱硫性能影响。结果表明,超声法可显著缩短分子筛离子交换平衡的时间,提高离子交换度,且能有效地提高活性组分Ce在分子筛表面的含量,脱硫实验结果也显示吸附容量有明显的提高。常温常压,吸附时间为2.5 h,剂油质量比为0.0072的条件下,Ce4 /13X对噻吩的脱硫效果最好,吸附量为0.07653mmol/g,脱硫率可达到76.5%。Freundlich等温式能很好地关联噻吩在Ce4 /13X上的吸附平衡数据。450℃空气气氛中焙烧4 h的方法,可较好地再生Ce4 /13X。     

复合吸附剂MWCNT/MgCl2的水蒸气吸附性能

通过研磨将多壁碳纳米管分别与质量分数为30%、40%和50%的无水氯化镁复合,制备了3种不同配比的复合吸附剂MWCNT/MgCl₂。采用数字化扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察复合吸附剂表面材质的结构样貌,通过Hot Disk热常数分析仪测得复合吸附剂的热导率,使用恒温恒湿箱选取具有代表性的温湿度,测试复合吸附剂在不同工况下的水蒸气吸附性能,并采用准二级动力学模型对25℃、50% RH工况下的实验数据进行拟合,应用Autosorb-IQ全自动气体分析仪测试了三种样品在25℃下的等温吸湿曲线。实验结果表明,相同温湿度工况下,随着氯化镁含量增加,复合吸附剂的吸附量提高,25℃、50% RH下氯化镁含量为30%、40%和50%的复合吸附剂M1、M2和M3的吸附量分别为0.62、0.79和0.94 g/g;恒定湿度为50% RH,温度变化为15~35℃时,复合吸附剂吸附量受温度和饱和水蒸气分压力的双重影响,表现为先增加后减小;温度固定为25℃,相对湿度从50% RH增加到80% RH时,复合吸附剂吸附量均大大提升;复合吸附剂在35℃、25% RH中高温、低湿条件下仍表现出较好的吸附能力;在相对压力P/P₀为0.3时,M1、M2和M3的吸附量分别为0.24、0.25和0.30 g/g,随着吸附压力的增加,复合吸附剂的吸附量也不断提升,最大吸附量分别达到3.54、3.75和4.42 g/g。复合吸附剂MWCNT/MgCl₂的制备研究,为吸附剂的性能研究提供了基础,对太阳能吸附式空气取水的研究具有潜在意义。     

Removal of Tartrazine From Water by Adsorption with Electrochemical Regeneration

An innovative process has been developed at University of the Manchester in order to remove organic contaminants from wastewater using graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) as adsorbents with electrochemical regeneration. The present study has demonstrated the removal of tartrazine, from water by adsorption and electrochemical regeneration. The adsorption of tartrazine onto GIC adsorbent was shown to be a quick process, however, with extremely low adsorption capacity compared to porous adsorbents. Low adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is being compensated by rapid electrochemical regeneration associated with low energy consumption that makes the process cost-effective. Regeneration efficiency of around 100% could be obtained in an electrochemical cell by passing a charge of 18 C g^?1 for 18 min through a 10-mm thick adsorbent bed. A series of adsorption and regeneration cycles showed that there was little loss in adsorbent capacity, demonstrating that tartrazine loaded GIC adsorbent could be effectively regenerated electrochemically.     

磁性互花米草吸附剂对水中Cu2+吸附性能研究

以入侵植物互花米草为原材料通过化学改性的方法制备出磁性磺酸基吸附剂。利用红外光谱、X射线光能谱分析对吸附剂进行表征,以静态、动态吸附实验考察对Cu^2+的吸附性能。结果表明,吸附剂具有磁性,易于固液分离。静态吸附优化条件为:吸附剂投加量为2.0 g/L,pH为5,温度303 K,60 min达到吸附平衡,吸附量为9.62 mg/g。吸附过程为吸热过程,属于多分子层吸附。准2级动力学方程能更好地拟合MSMSA对Cu^2+吸附,计算所得的饱和吸附量与实验所得结果更为相近,323 K时饱和吸附量最大,为27.38 mg/g。重复3次吸附去除率仍大于93%,具有循环利用价值。动态穿透时间随填充柱柱高增高而增大,随溶液流量、Cu^2+含量的增大而减小。     

Adsorption/desorption of NOx on MnO2/ZrO2 oxides prepared in reverse microemulsions

A series of MnO₂/ZrO₂ mixed oxides were prepared in reverse microemulsions for NOx adsorption and abatement. The results show that the amount of NOx adsorbed was increased with increasing MnO₂ content in various MnO₂/ZrO₂ samples. The maximum uptake value of NOx was 27.66 mg NOx/g adsorbent on the 40% Mn–Zr sample at 200 °C with NOx initial adsorption rate as 2.63 mg/(g adsorbent min). TPD results show that the complete desorption of NOx was easily obtained by heating the sample to 450 °C, and the temperature for the complete desorption can be further decreased to 210 °C by adding carbon monoxide into the argon desorption streams. Furthermore, water vapor was found to reduce NOx adsorption capacity because of its stronger competitive adsorption with NOx species. It is noteworthy that a small amount of sulfur dioxide could significantly increase the initial rate of NOx adsorption although it slightly decreased the NOx adsorption capacity.     

Enhanced adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution by polyethyleneimine modified palygorskite

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified palygorskite (Pal) was used for the adsorption of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution. The absorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Characterized results confirmed that the Pal has been successfully modified by PEI. The modification of PEI increased the Cr(VI) adsorption performance of the Pal by the adsorption combined reduction mechanism, and amino groups of the adsorbent play the main role in the enhanced Cr(VI) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity was 51.10 mg·g⁻¹ at pH 4.0 and 25 °C. The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) on the adsorbent conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption occurs at pH 3, and then the adsorption capacity of PEI-Pal was decreased with the increase of pH values. The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) on PEI-Pal was modeled with pseudo-second-order model. The addition of Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and PO₄³⁻ reduced the Cr(VI) adsorption by competition with Cr(VI) for the active sites of PEI-Pal. The Cr(VI) saturated PEI-Pal can be regenerated in alkaline solution, and the adsorption capacity can still be maintained at 30.44 mg·g⁻¹ after 4 cycles. The results demonstrate that PEI-Pal can be used as a potential adsorbent of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions.     

Investigation of Cationic Dye Adsorption from Water onto Acetic Acid Lignin

An adsorbent was prepared from acetic acid lignin (AAL) to investigate the adsorption mechanism of methylene blue (MB) from water. AAL was first deacetylated in NaOH aqueous solution and then fractionated by methanol to prepare adsorbents with various acidic hydroxy groups. The adsorption capacities of MB increased with the increase in initial pH and with the decrease in adsorbent dosage. The results of adsorption kinetics indicated the dye uptake process is a chemisorption. The adsorption capacity of lignin for MB adsorption increased from 18.2 to 63.3 mg g^?1 as AAL was deacetylated and fractionated.     

柴油氧化吸附脱硫工艺的研究

以过氧化氢为氧化剂,甲酸为催化剂,Al2O3为吸附剂,研究柴油氧化吸附脱硫工艺条件。实验结果表明,在n（氧）∶n（硫）=10.0,氧化时间为40min,氧化温度为70℃,V（吸附剂）∶V（油）=1∶5.5,吸附时间为30min,吸附温度为40℃时,吸附柴油的脱硫率为97.32%,柴油w（硫）=20.5μg/g,达到欧洲Ⅳ柴油标准：w（总硫）〈50μg/g。