总图专业在玻璃工厂投资控制中的作用

总图专业在工厂投资控制中，需要注意以下几个方面：严格执行规范规程，提高总图专业人员的设计水平，注重设计前期方案，抓好细节四个方面的问题。     

化工厂总图竖向设计探讨

在进行工业企业项目设计的过程中,应该关注总图设计的合理性,根据当地自然环境、安全指标以及生产作业要求等因素进行总图设计,从而给后期企业生产提供良好的生产环境条件。基于这样的生产设计情况,主要对总图竖向设计的概念进行理解,分析在进行总图竖向设计过程中应该坚持的几项原则,最后进行地面连接形式的设计思考,以提高人们对总图竖向设计的理解程度,通过关注多种设计因素提供总图设计的合理性。     

水泥工厂总图设计方法探讨

介绍了水泥工厂总图设计的内容及相关要求,结合福建漳平某2500t／d水泥厂总图设计实例,总结了水泥工厂总图设计的步骤和注意事项。     

浅谈硫酸装置总图竖向设计布置与合理用地

简要概括了工厂总图设计的基本概念和发挥的作用,结合硫酸装置的工程建设总平面设计案例,阐述了总图竖向设计布置和远近期结合布置的设计概念,达到了节省投资既经济又合理的效果。     

石化企业总图设计要求研究

总图设计涉及专业较多,设计过程中能否及时发现各专业之间的冲突及错漏并进行统筹协调直接影响到设计项目的整体质量、设计项目的施工进度及企业建设的效益等问题。正确认识总图设计的常见典型问题,熟悉总图设计的基本流程,理解总图设计的内容及深度,掌握总图设计的基本技术要求对设计出实用经济、合理美观的总图设计方案具有决定性作用。     

关于某化工项目装置合并布置的总图设计探讨

在工业项目的建设过程中,总图设计尤为重要。结合某化工项目装置合并布置的总图设计方案,对工厂平面布置节约用地进行了探讨,总结了总图布置过程中装置合并建设的依据。     

在化工项目总图运输设计中的节省投资策略探讨

本文从化工企业总图运输设计角度,结合工作中的设计经验,探讨在总平面布置、竖向设计和道路设计等方面对土地、管线、土方、道路的节省投资策略,并强调总图设计人员要提高并形成建设项目投资控制意识。     

浅析石油化工总图运输设计的节约用地措施

进行总图设计工作时,应充分地认识到节约用地问题的重要性,将节约用地的理念贯穿于设计工作中的每一个环节中,更加科学合理的使用每一寸土地,从而尽可能的提升土地的利用率。总图运输设计工作是一项非常复杂的工作,下面笔者根据多年的设计实践经验,总结出了石油化工企业总图运输设计过程中的几项有效的节约用地措施。     

总图优化与厂区的合理节约用地

从总图的角度阐述了我国土地面积的现状,可耕地面积较少,怎样优化土地占有率,节约土地。提出了管道优化,合理布置绿化带等措施。在总图设计中应该尽可能的节约用地,合理利用土地,使之带来最大化的经济效率。为了保证按总图设计付诸实施,一要建立总图专业会签制度,二要搞好工程用地治理。     

俄罗斯乙烯装置总图设计要点及与中国标准的对比分析

俄罗斯某大型乙烯装置总图设计是项目通过该国政府审批的关键文件之一。研究俄罗斯总图设计的相关强制性规范,与中国总图设计规范对比,发现两者存在很多联系及差异。本文重点对比分析了中国和俄罗斯总图设计中关于适用规范、建构筑物火灾危险类别分类、装置防火间距和装置总平面设计要点等,以便快速熟悉和理解俄罗斯总图设计相关规范,提高中国工程公司在俄罗斯市场的竞争力。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.