烷基糖苷组成分析研究

采用高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法和液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法对烷基糖苷组成进行了分析。结果表明,气相色谱法可以分离烷基单糖苷、二糖苷、三糖苷及四糖苷;高效液相色谱法可以将烷基单糖苷、烷基多糖苷分离,并计算烷基糖苷各组分的含量;液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法是分析烷基糖苷组成最有效的方法,既可以定性也可以定量。     

草铵膦原药杂质3-氨基-4-甲氧基-4-羰基丁基(甲基)膦酸铵的鉴定和定量分析

采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用和液相色谱法对草铵膦原药中的有机杂质进行定性和定量分析。建立了草铵膦有机杂质的定量分析方法:采用高效液相色谱法,使用ZORBAX-SAX色谱柱和紫外检测器,以13.6 g磷酸二氢钾溶于970 mL水中,加30 mL甲醇为流动相,在195 nm波长下测定杂质3-氨基-4-甲氧基-4-羰基丁基(甲基)膦酸铵的含量。该分析方法的线性相关系数为0.999 98,标准偏差为0.009,变异系数为0.71%,平均回收率为99.42%,最低检出浓度为0.01%。建立了草铵膦原药中有机杂质的定性和定量的分析方法,可以为草铵膦原药质量分析和控制提供依据。     

氟嘧菌酯分析方法述评

总结了文献报道的氟嘧菌酯的分析方法。氟嘧菌酯制剂的分析主要采用高效液相色谱法,残留物的分析主要采用高效液相色谱-质谱法、超高效液相色谱法以及气相色谱-质谱分析方法。     

羰基化合物的检测方法及在生物质液化产业中的应用分析

综述了近年来羰基化合物的检测方法,主要包括分光光度法、荧光法、示波极谱法、色谱法等,重点介绍了毛细管电色谱法、固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法、衍生化-液相色谱法、固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱法、液相微萃取-液相色谱法等色谱法各自的优缺点,为生物质液化产物及其树脂胶黏剂中羰基化合物的检测提供理论基础。     

环境水样中双酚A检测与分析方法的研究进展

总结了双酚A的物理、化学性质,以及对人体健康的危害等,介绍了环境水样中双酚A提取、分离以及检测方法,并对分光光度法、荧光法、毛细管电泳法、气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、电化学分析法及酶联免疫法等检测与分析方法进行了综述。     

喹啉磷钼酸盐重量法测定HEDP主含量及其正磷酸的研究

近十年来,羟基乙叉二膦酸(以下简称为HEDP)已被广泛用作水处理剂。但其产品的分析方法仍无标准可循,从而难以评定各厂产品质量之优劣。目前国内分析方法很不统一,有硝酸钍络合滴定法、钼兰比色法、重量法、酸碱滴定法以及紫外辐射分解法等。硝酸钍是放射性物质,损害人体健康并造成环境污染;比色分析与紫外分解法皆属微量分析方法,用于常量分析误差较大;酸碱滴定法亦欠妥。因此选用比较稳定可靠的喹啉磷钼酸盐重量法在全国推广较为适宜。     

调节膦分析方法研究

一、前言调节膦(甲氧甲酰基膦酸乙酯铵盐),是一种安全、多用途的植物生长调节剂、灌木、杂草防除剂。分析方法除国外报道用火焰离子光度法及液体色谱法以外,未见有其他方法报道。我们研究了铵滴定法及离子交换定氮法,用离子交换定氮法,可以排除杂质的干扰,且达到较高的准确度和精密度。现将离子交换法介绍如下:     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱法分析人参皂甙

利用反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱(HPLC-ESI/MS)方法,分离分析了人参皂甙。液相色谱采用乙腈-水流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱法利用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI/MS)研究了3种人参皂甙的一级质谱(主要给出分子量)和二级、三级质谱(提供碎片离子信息),并通过质谱图的差异对其结构进行了鉴别,建立了高效液相色谱-质谱联用法分析人参皂甙的方法。     

化妆品中糖皮质激素检测方法研究进展

糖皮质激素是一类具有抗炎、抗过敏等疗效的药物，禁止添加到化妆品中，但仍有违法商家将其加入到化妆品中，长久使用会对皮肤造成损害。本文综述了近年来分光光度法、薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法、超高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法、液相色谱-高分辨质谱法、毛细管电泳法、免疫分析法等检测方法在化妆品糖皮质激素成分检测上的应用，以期为检测化妆品中非法添加糖皮质激素的含量提供技术参考。     

荧光增白剂分析方法研究进展

综述了近年来国内外荧光增白剂的分析方法,主要包括白度法、荧光分光光度法和色谱法,色谱法又主要包括高效液相色谱法和高效液相色谱法-串联质谱法。分析了各种检测方法的特点并进行了比较,展望了未来荧光增白剂分析方法的研究方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。