槐花米中清除自由基活性成分的提取及其性能研究

用体积分数75%的乙醇提取了槐花米中具有清除自由基活性的粗提物,然后用碱提酸沉法从槐花米中提取了芦丁,并制备了芦丁的水解产物槲皮素.测定了不同质量浓度的粗提物、芦丁和槲皮素对DPPH自由基的清除能力,它们对DPPH自由基均有良好的清除作用,清除能力大小顺序为槲皮素＞粗提物＞芦丁＞BHT;0.5 mg/mL的槲皮素、芦丁、粗提物对DPPH自由基的最高清除率分别为83.75%、80.16%、80.89%;而1.0mg/mL的槲皮素最高清除率可高达88.95%.     

毛细管电泳法测定美多芭片剂中的左旋多巴和羟苄丝肼

建立了毛细管电泳紫外检测测定美多芭片剂中左旋多巴和羟苄丝肼的方法,优化了缓冲溶液浓度和pH、分离电压和进样时间等条件。在优化的条件下,15min内实现了左旋多巴和羟苄丝肼两种物质的基线分离。左旋多巴和羟苄丝肼分别在0．06～1．0mg／mL和0．05～0．90mg／mL浓度范围内和电泳峰高成线性关系,左旋多巴和羟苄丝肼的检出限分别为0．021mg／mL和0．017mg／mL。方法用于分析实际样品,得到令人满意的结果。     

橙皮苷酶解液中橙皮素单糖苷的树脂分离

橙皮苷酶解液组分复杂，含糖类、橙皮素和橙皮素单糖苷（hesperetin-7-O-glucoside，HMG）等。采用了6种大孔吸附树脂和半制备液相色谱分离纯化橙皮苷酶解液中的HMG，并通过红外、紫外和XRD手段表征产物结构，同时采用羟基自由基清除试验探讨其抗氧化活性。结果表明：HPD300大孔树脂最适于酶解液中HMG的分离；HPD300大孔树脂对酶解液中主要组分的静态和动态总吸附量分别为48.35 mg/g和35.82 mg/g，主要用于分离糖类杂质；以10 BV的45%乙醇为洗脱剂，洗脱流速1.2 mL/min，洗提物中HMG纯度从80.37%提高到97.83%；洗提物经半制备液相进一步分离纯化后得到单体HMG，最终纯度可达98.21%, 经紫外、红外和XRD手段验证产物为HMG；且HMG的羟基自由基清除能力略高于橙皮素，远高于橙皮苷。     

芦丁水解制备槲皮素的实验条件比较研究

为了寻找芦丁水解制备槲皮素的最佳实验条件,为槲皮素的生产提供实验数据,采用在不同溶液中,使用不同的酸,不同浓度,加热不同的时间,观察芦丁水解的情况。实验发现：芦丁在水溶液中,使用盐酸或硫酸,酸的浓度在0．5％时,芦丁水解制备槲皮素的生产成本最低、收率高、综合效益最好。实验结果表明：在0．5％的盐酸或硫酸水溶液中,加热1h,芦丁水解制备槲皮素的收率为91．0％。     

HPLC法测定牙膏中银杏叶提取物总黄酮苷的含量

以槲皮素、山奈素和异鼠李素为指标,建立HPLC法测定牙膏中银杏叶提取物总黄酮苷的含量。采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱（Analytical 4．6×250mm 5-Micron）;流动相为甲醇-0．4％磷酸（55／45,V/V）;流速为1．0mL／min;检测波长为360nm;柱温为40℃;进样量为20μL。结果表明,槲皮素、山奈素和异鼠李素浓度分别在2．1～21．0、1．8～18．0和0．42～4．2μg／mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为：0．9999、0．9999和0．9998;槲皮素、山奈素和异鼠李素回收率分别为：97．7％、98．3％和97．6％。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,可用于牙膏中银杏叶提取物总黄酮苷含量的测定。     

气相色谱测定消心痛中有机溶剂的残留量

建立了C．C测定消心痛原料药中氯仿、乙酸、乙酸乙酯残留量的方法。采用色谱柱为PEG-20M不锈钢柱(4m×2mm),柱温采用程序升高,起始柱温50℃维持3 min,然后以10℃/min的速率升至180℃维持5 min,再以10℃/min的速率升至280℃维持10 min。FID检测器,检测器温度320℃,进样口温度320℃,氮气为载气,流速50mL/min,氢气流速30 mL/min。空气流速400 mL/min。可使三种有机溶剂完全分离,氯仿在0．0005～0．003 mg/mL的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0．9994),回收率为100．3％(RSD＜1．0％)；乙酸乙酯在0．005～0．03 mg/mL的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0．9999),回收率为100．5％,(RSD＜1．0％)；乙酸在0．005～0．03 mg/mL的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0．9997),回收率为98．7％,(RSD＜1．0％)。     

HPLC波长切换法测定不同产地紫菀中芹菜素、槲皮素和紫菀酮的含量

建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定紫菀中芹菜素、槲皮素和紫菀酮的含量。色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6×250mm,5μm)柱;流动相：乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;柱温40 ℃;流速1.0mL/min;检测波长：0～30min设为360nm(测定槲皮素和芹菜素),30～55min设为200nm(测定紫菀酮)。结果表明,芹菜素、槲皮素和紫菀酮分别在8.23～131.71μg/mL(r=0.9999)、11.08～177.29μg/mL(r=0.9998)、12.58～201.29μg/mL(r=1.000)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为99.53%(RSD=1.51%)、99.38%(RSD=1.68%)、99.75%(RSD=1.74%)。     

橙皮苷酶解液中橙皮素单糖苷的分离纯化

采用6种大孔吸附树脂和半制备液相色谱分离纯化橙皮苷酶解液中的橙皮素单糖苷(hesperetin-7-O-glucoside,HMG),并通过红外、紫外和XRD验证了产物结构,同时采用羟基自由基清除实验探讨其抗氧化活性。结果表明:HPD300大孔树脂最适于酶解液中HMG的分离,且其对酶解液中主要组分的静态和动态总吸附量分别为48.35和35.82mg/g,主要用于分离糖类杂质;以10BV的体积分数45%乙醇为洗脱剂,洗脱流速1.2 mL/min,洗提物中HMG的质量分数经HPLC测定从80.37%提高到97.83%;洗提物经半制备液相进一步分离纯化后得到单体HMG,最终质量分数可达98.21%,且HMG的羟基自由基清除能力(72.31%±1.00%)略高于橙皮素,远高于橙皮苷。     

RP-HPLC测定山竹花不同部位芦丁、木犀草素的含量

建立测定山竹花不同部位芦丁、木犀草素含量的高效液相色谱法。采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC),其中芦丁以甲醇:0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,进样量20μL,检测波长为358 nm;木犀草素以甲醇:0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,进样量20μL,检测波长为350 nm。结果表明,芦丁的进样量在0.007 8⁰.124 8 mg范围内,其峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),样品平均回收率为97.51%。木犀草素的进样量在0.003 40.124 8 mg范围内,其峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),样品平均回收率为97.51%。木犀草素的进样量在0.003 4⁰.054 4 mg范围内,其峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 1),样品平均回收率为96.03%。实验方法准确度较高,切实可行。最终测得山竹花不同部位芦丁的含量分别为:叶0.6 mg/g,茎0.53 mg/g,根0.11 mg/g;木犀草素的含量分别为:叶0.52"10-2mg/g,茎0.18"10-2mg/g,根未检出。     

三甲基吲哚的气相色谱分析方法研究

建立了三甲基吲哚的气相色谱含量测定分析方法。采用CBP1-W25-100型大口径毛细管色谱柱，内标法定量。样品和内标质量浓度分别为5～25mg／mL，2～10mg／mL时与峰面积呈良好的线性关系，相关系数R=0．999以上。三甲基吲哚的相对标准偏差在0．15％～0．20％之间。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。