太子参皂甙提取工艺研究

主要对太子参块茎中皂甙组分的浸提工艺进行了研究。结果表明,太子参皂甙最佳浸提条件为:太子参块茎粉碎后,用10倍水沸腾浸提3次,1h/次,同时超声波处理20min。浸提液经壳聚糖澄清后,对DPPH表现出有较好的抑制活性。      

苦瓜皂甙的提取工艺优化研究

研究苦瓜皂甙的提取工艺和测定方法.以人参皂甙Rg1标准品为参照,采用分光光度法对苦瓜中皂甙进行定量分析;以料液比、浸提温度、乙醇的质量分数、提取时间为考察因素,采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验方法对苦瓜皂甙提取工艺条件进行优化.通过贡献率法分析表明,各因子对浸提率影响的相对大小依次为:提取时间＞料液比＞乙醇浓度＞浸提温度;经频率分析得到苦瓜皂甙浸提率＞2.18%的优化条件为:料液比10.190～11.016倍,浸提温度68.80～72.33℃,乙醇浓度71.32～74.32%,提取时间13.484～19.396h,且所建立的数学模型在此范围内能够较准确的预测皂甙的浸提率.料液比1:10,浸提温度70℃,乙醇浓度70%,提取时间为12h,这个条件比较贴近实际生产应用,且比较接近理论值.     

绞股蓝保健成分浸提条件研究

采用正交设计实验研究了绞股蓝干、鲜样浸提条件对浸提液人参皂甙、黄酮、多糖的影响。结果表明,两种材料最适宜的提取条件为:浸提温度75℃,固液比(质量比)1∶50,pH值8,浸提时间90min(鲜样提取人参皂甙的浸提时间为60min),共浸提3次。直接采用鲜样为原料开发绞股蓝系列产品,不仅可以降低成本,而且还可以充分提取绞股蓝保健成分。     

苦瓜皂甙的提取及其对胰脂肪酶抑制活性的研究

苦瓜皂甙可有效抑制胰脂肪酶的活力,是一种潜在的减肥辅助食物补充剂。通过响应面法对苦瓜皂甙的最佳提取工艺进行优化,并测定其对胰脂肪酶的抑制率。研究结果表明:苦瓜皂甙的最佳提取工艺为乙醇提取液的浓度为50%、料液比1∶13.5(g/mL)、提取温度38℃、浸提时间77 min、浸提次数1次,此条件下苦瓜皂甙的提取产率为1.419 1%,其对胰脂肪酶抑制的IC50值为0.384 7 mg/mL。     

山药皂甙均匀设计法优化提取及其体外抗氧化活性研究

皂甙具有抗炎、解毒等作用。本文利用超声法提取山药皂甙,并对山药皂甙进行体外抗氧化作用研究。以皂甙得率为考察指标,采用均匀设计法考察料液比、浸提温度、乙醇体积分数、浸提时间等4个因素对山药皂甙提取率的影响。所得最佳提取工艺条件:料液比1∶7,浸提温度80℃,乙醇体积分数100mL/L,提取时间2h。此时皂甙的最大提取率为0.2401%。在一定范围内,山药皂甙具有较强的铁还原能力和清除DPPH自由基能力。山药皂甙是一个天然、安全和有效的抗氧化剂。     

苦瓜皂甙快速分离纯化方法研究

用乙醇浸提葫芦科植物苦瓜(MomordicacharantiaL.),通过改变浸提液浓度,浸提时间和洗脱液浓度等,确定一种提取苦瓜总皂甙的优化工艺。用人参皂甙Rg1为对照品,通过选择最大吸收波长,绘制标准曲线定量测定苦瓜皂甙总量。     

藜麦皂甙提取及萌芽对皂甙含量的影响

利用响应面分析法对藜麦籽粒皂甙的提取条件进行探索,并研究萌芽对藜麦皂甙含量的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇提取分数、料液比和浸提温度进行三因素三水平的Box- Behnken试验设计,通过响应面分析法对提取条件进行了优化;同时在优化条件下测定萌芽144 h藜麦中的皂甙含量变化。结果表明,在560 nm波长下,最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数65%,料液比1∶40,浸提温度60℃,皂甙提取量为5.56 mg/g。萌芽试验结果表明,萌芽初期（6 h内）皂甙含量迅速下降,在6～42 h期间含量保持平稳,42 h后逐渐升高直至96 h时达最高值7.80 mg/g,萌芽120 h后皂甙含量开始下降。     

脱脂大豆中B组大豆皂甙Ⅳ的HPLC-MS检测

采用乙醇浸提、正丁醇萃取、丙酮沉淀的方法从脱脂大豆中提取大豆皂甙,并利用树脂柱层析分离得到B组大豆皂甙,进而通过HPLC-MS法对B组大豆皂甙Ⅳ进行了检测。     

脱脂大豆中B组大豆皂甙V的HPLC-MS检测

采用乙醇浸提、正丁醇萃取、丙酮沉淀的方法从脱脂大豆中提取大豆皂甙,并利用树脂柱层析分离得到B组大豆皂甙,进而通过HPLC-MS法对B组大豆皂甙Ⅴ进行了检测。     

微波辅助提取栀子皂甙的工艺优化及其抗氧化性

以栀子粉末为原料,运用微波辅助提取栀子中的皂甙,并对其抗氧化性进行研究。在单因素试验基础上,以微波时间、浸提时间、液固比和乙醇浓度为因素,皂甙得率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken试验设计进行响应面分析。并以抗坏血酸为对照,用铁氰化钾还原法和DPPH自由基的清除率考察栀子皂甙的抗氧化活性。实验结果表明,栀子皂甙微波辅助提取最优条件为微波功率450 W、微波时间40 s、浸提时间9.6 min、浸提温度50 ℃、液固比21:1 (mL/g)、乙醇浓度80%,所得最佳得率为13.92%±0.04%,与模型预测皂甙得率相对误差仅为2.05%。微波辅助法提取栀子皂甙简便、提取得率高,回归模型合理可靠,可用于实际预测。抗氧化活性研究表明,栀子皂甙对羟基自由基的还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力均较好,但其总体抗氧化性低于抗坏血酸。     

纸浆清洁漂白过程中非过程金属元素富集态的研究

采用外加非过程金属离子的方法模拟苇浆生产过程金属离子的富集,进行纸浆清洁漂白非过程金属元素在过程流中的富集状态研究.研究表明:约50%的过渡金属离子以游离态存在,易被洗涤除去;Mn2 、Ca2 和Fe3 为纤维素纤维化学吸附态＞木素螯合态,Gu2 则相反;酸性条件下预处理对去除金属离子富集有良好效果,对Mn2 尤其有效;N助剂(pH值4)对消除不同富集态金属离子效果服从木素螯合＞纤维素纤维化学吸附的关系.浆中残余富集的金属离子中,Mn2 、Fe3 和Ca2 以纤维素纤维化学吸附态居多;浆中金属离子的富集随浆中木素含量的提高而增加.     

Effect of substituting pork backfat with rind on quality characteristics of pork sausage

A study was conducted in which pork backfat in pork sausage was replaced with rind at 0, 33, 66 and 100% levels. The high moisture and high protein content of rind consequently influenced the moisture and protein content of the final products. The fat level decreased with increase in the level of rind in the sausage. The lowest fat content of 7.99% was recorded on batch 4 sausage with 100% rind replacement level. Replacement of pork backfat with rind decreased refrigeration and cooking weight losses. The values obtained for sensory properties decreased with increase in the level of rind in the sausage. Up to 66% pork backfat can be replaced with rind in pork sausage without adverse effect on processing yield.     

微酸性电解水对苦荞芽活性成分及抗氧化能力的影响

以苦荞为原料,将不同有效氯浓度（available chlorine concentration,ACC）的微酸性电解水（slightly acidic electrolyzed water,SAEW）应用于芽苗菜生产,研究其对苦荞芽活性成分及其抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：SAEW处理组苦荞芽活性成分含量相比对照组有所增加,ACC为20 mg/L的SAEW处理的苦荞芽总酚、总黄酮及芦丁含量相比自来水对照组分别提升了28.69%、26.19%和29.08%。SAEW处理萌发的苦荞芽在生长7 d内苯丙氨酸解氨酶比活力均高于自来水对照组。苦荞芽的抗氧化活性物质含量与其抗氧化能力间呈显著正相关。     

高效液相色谱法测定烟草及烟草制品中的三种水溶性糖

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)/示差折光检测器(RID)测定烟草和烟草制品中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的方法。样品用0.01 mol/L 氢氧化钠溶液振荡提取60 min,以高度交联的铅型磺化苯乙烯-二乙烯苯(SDVB)树脂为填料的阳离子交换色谱柱为分离柱,用纯水作流动相进行等梯度洗脱,外标法定量。方法线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999。方法回收率98.9%～101.8%,精密度0.44%～0.90%。方法测定值与离子色谱法的检定结果一致。方法适用于各种烟草和烟草制品中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的分析测定。     

Lipid oxidation in n-3 fatty acid enriched Dutch style fermented sausages

Dutch style fermented sausages were manufactured with a substitution of 10%, 15% and 20% of pork backfat by flaxseed oil and canola oil, pre-emulsified with soy protein isolate. The 15% and 20% substitution were also reached by adding encapsulated flaxseed oil and encapsulated fish oil and by adding flaxseed oil, pre-emulsified with sodium caseinate, respectively. The products were sliced, packaged in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere and stored in the dark for 12 weeks at 7°C. No differences were detected in moisture, protein and fat content between control and modified sausages, with the exception of the formulation with sodium caseinate. The PUFA/SFA ratio increased from 0.30 in the control to 0.42-0.48 in the sausages with canola oil and to 0.49-0.71 in the sausages with flaxseed oil. The n-6/n-3 ratio decreased from 11.20 in the control to 6.94-5.12 in the sausages with canola oil and to 1.93-1.05 in the sausages with flaxseed oil. The addition of canola oil and encapsulated flaxseed oil resulted in a comparable shelf life as the control in terms of lipid oxidation. In the samples with addition of pre-emulsified flaxseed oil, especially with sodium caseinate, lipid oxidation clearly increased during storage. Physical and sensory analysis showed that the sausages with encapsulated fish oil and flaxseed oil resembled the control most.     

Quality of Sour Cream Packaged in Cups with Different Light Barrier Properties Measured by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Sensory Analysis

ABSTRACT:  In this study, photooxidation of sour cream packaged in cups with different light barrier properties was investigated. The sour cream was light exposed for 36 h with a standard fluorescent light tube, simulating storage conditions in many Norwegian grocery stores. Three different cups were evaluated: a white cup, a cup with medium light barrier (LB), and a cup with high LB. The quality of the sour cream was evaluated by sensory analysis and front face fluorescence spectroscopy. The sour cream stored in white cups became very rancid during the light exposure, with a rancid flavor score of 7.8 on a scale from 1 to 9, where 9 is the highest intensity. Cups with high LB gave best protection against the light. The sensory assessors could not distinguish between sour cream stored in cups with high LB and sour cream stored in the dark. The rancid flavor intensity for the cups with medium LB was significantly different ( P  < 0.05) from both the white cup and the cup with high LB. The sensory flavor intensities indicated that with 36 h of light exposure, only a cup with high LB will protect the sour cream sufficiently. The fluorescence measurements corresponded well with the sensory analysis as the photosensitizers were somewhat degraded for sour cream stored in cups with medium LB and most degraded in the white cups. For the cups with high LB, the fluorescence peaks that originated from the photosensitizers were all intact.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Dairy products such as sour cream will develop off-odor and taste faults ("sunlight taste") in a few hours if exposed to sufficient fluorescent lightning in the grocery stores. A light barrier can be incorporated in the packaging material to protect the dairy products from the light. Our experiment showed that the incorporation of a black pigment into 1 of the 3 plastic layers in the cup for packaging of sour cream protected the sour cream from degradation when exposed to light.     

肝素钠乳膏联合皮质类固醇软膏治疗剥脱性唇炎的临床观察

目的观察肝素钠乳膏(海普林)联合皮质类固醇软膏治疗剥脱性唇炎的效果。方法治疗组联合用药,对照组单独用药,均外涂于患处。结果联合用药效果优于单独用药。结论肝素钠乳膏联合皮质类固醇软膏治疗剥脱性唇炎疗效满意。     

Determination of trace amounts of cobalt in foods by polymer-phase fluorophotometry with thiamine

A selective and sensitive method for the determination of trace amounts of cobalt has been developed by polymer-phase fluorophotometry with thiamine as an emission reagent. The method is based on the fact that cobalt reacts with thiamine to form a strong fluorescent compound in 0.65% sodium hydroxide medium. The fluorescence intensities show a good linearity with the concentration of cobalt in the range of 2–56 μg/L. The fluorescence intensities were measured in 5-mm quartz cells with excitation and emission wavelengths at 375 and 438 nm, respectively. The detection limit is 0.61 μg/L and the RSD is 1.70%. The sensitivity of the method is four times the conventional fluorophotometry in solution. The fluorescent life of thiamine is longer in polymer than that in solution. The general coexisting ions have no interference to the reaction of cobalt and thiamine except for copper and iron ions. The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace amounts of cobalt in food samples with satisfactory results.     

辅助材料设计参数对烤烟型卷烟烟气焦油、烟碱和CO释放量的影响

为探索辅助材料与卷烟烟气化学成分之间的关系,研究了卷烟纸定量、卷烟纸透气度、成形纸透气度、接装纸透气度和滤棒吸阻对卷烟主流烟气焦油、烟碱和CO释放量的影响,并通过辅材设计参数的组合设计,建立了辅材设计参数预测焦油、烟碱和CO释放量的数学模型.结果表明:①卷烟纸定量增加CO释放量增加;②卷烟纸透气度增加,焦油、烟碱和CO释放量降低;③滤棒吸阻增加,焦油和烟碱释放量降低;④接装纸透气度增加,焦油、烟碱和CO释放量显著降低;⑤成形纸透气度增加,焦油、烟碱和CO释放量降低,降低程度与配合使用的接装纸透气度有关;⑥焦油、烟碱和CO释放量预测模型的预测值与实测值基本吻合.     

海藻酸钠对氯霉素在滴眼液中缓释作用研究

目的研究海藻酸钠对氯霉素在滴眼液中释放的影响。方法配制影响因素不同的氯霉素溶液,采用side-bi-side扩散池,测定药物渗透速率。结果氯霉素释放速率随溶液黏度增加而降低,随氯霉素浓度增加而提高。结论氯霉素在滴眼液中的释放速率与溶液黏度和药物浓度有关,适当增加海藻酸钠含量可延缓其释放速率。