料浆法磷铵料浆二次氨中和生产磷酸二铵的研究

在实验模试装置上，研究了料浆法浓缩料浆二次氨中和生产磷酸二铵（ＤＡＰ）管式反应器的结构特性，建立了该反应器的液相返混参数Ｐｅ表达式和体积传质系数ＫＧａ的计算式。据此设计的管式反应器，在３万吨／年ＭＡＰ装置上生产ＤＡＰ，经７２ｈ运行考核，生产稳定可靠，达到了预定目标。     

二次氨中和生产磷酸二铵管式反应器的研究

在模试装置上,研究了料浆法浓缩二氨中和生产磷酸二铵（ＤＡＰ）的管式反应器结构特性,建立了该反应器相返混参数。Ｐｅ表达式和气膜体积传质系数ＫＧａ的计算式。由此设计的管式反应器在３万ｔ／ａ料浆法磷铵装置上生产ＤＡＰ,经７２ｈ运行考核,生产稳定可靠,达到了预定目标。     

料浆法浓缩磷铵料浆的氨二次中和生产DAP研究

研究了中品位磷矿制湿法磷酸得到的浓缩磷铵料浆进行氨二次中和的特性,在实验模式装置上,确定了该料浆用氨二次中和生产磷酸二铵的管式反应器结构,设计参数及氨二次中和的工艺条件。     

磷铵料浆浓缩加热器堵塞原因及对策

我厂３０ｋｔ／ａ料浆法磷铵装置,采用“中和浓缩一体化—双效蒸发”流程完成稀磷酸氨中和、中和料浆浓缩操作。原来采用的中和浓缩一体化设备是将“气氨—磷酸管式反应器”安装在Ⅱ效料浆加热器出口的变径管上。生产中管式反应器本身和Ⅱ效加热器列管都容易发生堵塞。特别是当生产负荷较低、装置耗氨量小于６００ｋｇ／ｈ时,堵塞频繁。Ⅱ效加热器列管在一个生产周期中少则堵塞十几根,多则堵塞几十根,大大减少了换热面积,使浓缩系统的生产能力下降。分析加热管堵塞的原因,主要有：①管内沸腾、冲刷不力造成的杂质过饱和析出形成结垢,…     

氨中和湿法磷酸料浆的粘性及除垢方法的研究

用氨中和以金河磷矿生产的湿法磷酸,在维持中和温度２０℃、５０℃、１１０℃下,中和度１．１～２．０范围内,酸中镁含量一定,铁、铝含量分别增大,铁、铝含量同时增大时,得到了料浆粘性的规律以及结垢物质溶解性。为该酸采用管式反应器进行一次中和及一次中和、料浆二次中和提供了基本依据。     

15万吨／年料浆法磷铵流程的方案比较

１５万吨／年料浆法磷铵流程的方案比较刘代俊，钟本和，张允湘（四川联合大学化工系）自“七五”以来，应用“料浆浓缩法”生产磷铵的流程，我国已建立了７０套３万吨／年规模的装置，两套６万吨／年规模的装置。磷铵料浆法流程的生产、管理、研究和设计已积累了丰富的经...     

关于磷酸,磷铵,复混肥装置工程设计的若干意见（续）

中图分类号ＴＱ４４２．１４ＴＱ４４４３磷铵（１）磷铵生产方法的选择应以业主对产品要求而决定，如果产品为磷酸一铵（ＭＡＰ），规模不超过１２万吨／年，推荐用内筛分、内返料、内破碎喷浆造粒干燥技术。如果产品要求为磷酸二铵（ＤＡＰ）和ＭＡＰ，可采用预中和—氨...     

用预中和反应器和管式反应器混合流程生产NPK复合肥

根据我公司现有磷铵生产装置,从工艺上论述了采用混合流程－即在现有装置同时使用预中和反应器和管式反应器生产ＮＰＫ复合肥的可行性。该法可减少料浆含水量,降低系统返料比,以达到节能,增产的效果,特别是使用混合流程生产ＮＰＫ比单独使用预中和反应器生产ＮＰＫ在原设计能力的基础上可增产２０％－３０％《     

管式反应—喷浆造粒干燥工艺的开发应用

开发一种在喷浆造粒干燥机前省去造粒机、中和槽而直接用管式反应器生产磷酸二铵的新工艺，即管式反应──喷浆造粒干燥工艺。并就该工艺在１２万吨／年磷铵装置上的应用情况进行了生产技术小结和经济效益分析。     

稳定造粒机通氨量的意义和方法

以云峰公司３６ｔ／ｈ负荷生产ＤＡＰ（１８－４６－０）为例,介绍装置各点进出氨量。详细分析造粒机通氨量与料浆量不相匹配的各种影响因素及其不良后果,提出稳定造粒机通氨量使之与料浆量相匹配的方法。     

大型磷铵装置尾气洗涤系统专有技术

介绍大型磷铵装置尾气洗涤系统的专有技术,包括:工艺流程,设备,洗涤装置特点。分析技术的创新点与先进性。该技术尘、氟、氨回收率高,60万t/a的DAP装置每年可多回收氨933 t、氟26 t,连续运行周期从7～10 d延长到15 d,相当于每年增产DAP 1万t。     

磷铵生产中流化床冷却器操作气速范围的确定

根据铜化公司磷铵厂流化床冷却器改造的经验，探讨流化床冷却器用于磷酸二铵冷却时（处理物料为２５ｔ／ｈ），选择操作气速的影响因素，确定了流化数为２．４２及操作气速为１．６ｍ／ｓ。     

大型DAP装置节能方面的工艺优化和改造

介绍对DAP装置若干工艺优化和改造措施,达到了节能减排效果,DAP装置能耗逐年下降,从最高40．62kgce／t降至34．118kgce／t。     

8万吨级中低低变换系统设计与运行工况分析

就８万吨级中，低，低变换系统的工艺设计、设备选型及运行工况进行总结分析。     

Cure kinetics and thermal properties of tetramethylbiphenyl epoxy resin/phthalazinone‐containing diamine/hexa(phenoxy)cyclotriphophazene system

Inherently flame retardant epoxy resin is a kind of halogen‐free material for making high‐performance electronic materials. This work describes an inherently flame retardant epoxy system composed of 4,4′‐diglycidyl (3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbiphenyl) epoxy resin (TMBP), 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐4‐(4‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl) (2H) phthalazin‐1‐one (DAP), and hexa(phenoxy) cyclotriphophazene (HPCTP). The cure kinetics of TMBP/DAP in the presence or absence of HPCTP were investigated using isoconversional method by means of nonisothermal differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Kinetic analysis results indicated that the effective activation energy (E_α) decreased with increasing the extent of conversion (α) for TMBP/DAP system because diffusion‐controlled reaction dominated the curing reaction gradually in the later cure stage. TMBP/DAP/HPCTP(10 wt %) system had higher E_α values than those of TMBP/DAP system in the early cure stage (α < 0.35), and an increase phenomenon of E_α ～ α dependence in the later cure stage (α ≥ 0.60) due to kinetic‐controlled reaction in the later cure stage. Such complex E_α ～ α dependence of TMBP/DAP/HPCTP(10 wt %) system might be associated with the change of the physical state (mainly viscosity) of the curing system due to the introduction of HPCTP. These cured epoxy resins had very high glass transition temperatures (202–235°C), excellent thermal stability with high 5 wt % decomposition temperatures (>340°C) and high char yields (>25.6 wt %). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

A Study of Nitrogen – Phosphorus Synergism in the Flame–retardant Finishing of Resin–treated Polyester–Cotton Blends

The effects of N–methylol finishing treatments on the flammability of a range of polyester–cotton blends treated with a flame retardant, namely diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate (DAP), are reported. Of the three resin systems studied only urea–formaldehyde (UF) in the UF–DAP–treated fabrics gives rise to nitrogen–phosphorus (N–P) synergism. The mechanism for N–P synergism in this treatment is shown to depend on a dual phase or (1–*2) Inter Step mode of flame inhibition.     

DAP超分子水凝胶驱动自修复水泥基材料

为了延长混凝土的使用寿命,发展了一种2,6-二[N-(羧乙基羰基)氨基]吡啶(DAP)超分子水凝胶驱动自修复水泥基材料和诱导羟基磷灰石自修复技术。DAP超分子水凝胶通过负载NH₄H₂PO₄,在碱性条件下实现修复剂的智能化响应释放。将负载修复剂的DAP超分子水凝胶和中空玻璃管复合制备自修复构件,并开展了裂缝修复和护筋性能试验。结果表明:经过28 d的修复,0.592 mm宽的裂缝表面被修复,修复产物为羟基磷灰石;加入修复构件后,能够减缓钢筋锈蚀。在裂缝处,自修复成分释放后生成的修复产物使得裂缝的底部被填堵,阻隔了有害离子和气体的入侵通道。     

Synthesis of novel bisphenol containing phthalazinone and azomethine moieties and thermal properties of cured diamine/bisphenol/DGEBA polymers

A novel bisphenol(1,2-dihydro-2-(4-((4-hydroxy)phenyliminomethylidene)phenyl)-4-(4-((4-(4-hydroxy)phenyliminomethylidene)phenoxy)phenyl)(2H)phthalazin-1-one, DPP) and a diamine(1,2-dihydro-2-(4-aminophenyl)-4-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)(2H)phthalazin-1-one, DAP) were synthesized and characterized. The novel epoxy polymers containing phthalazinone and/or azomethine moieties were prepared by binary polymerization of DAP (or DPP) with diglycidyl ether of biphenyl A (DGEBA) and ternary polymerization of hybrid curing agents, DAP/DPP (DAP and DPP under different molar ratios) with DGEBA. The cure behaviors of these new epoxy systems were studied by dynamic differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Infrared (IR) scans. Especially, the activation energy of DAP/DGEBA calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods were 73.8 and 77.4 kJ/mol, respectively. For ternary epoxy system, it was found that hybrid curing agents of DAP/DPP exhibited significant associated effect on their reactivity towards the oxirane group. Glass transition temperatures (T_g's) of these new epoxy polymers were all above 150 °C from the results of DSC, and the initial thermal decomposition temperatures (T_d,5%'s) and integral procedure decomposition temperatures (IPDT's) of these new epoxy polymers are above 350 and 850 °C, respectively from results of thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). These results show that new epoxy polymers containing phthalazinone and/or azomethine moieties exhibited excellent thermal properties. Especially, thermal properties of the ternary epoxy polymers could be modified by changing the content of DAP and DPP. The linear relationships between char yield (Y_c,wt%) and the structural compositions of these new polymers (weight percentage of phthalazinone, azomethine and nitrogen, C/H weight ratio) were built.     

添加尿素提高磷酸二铵产品中总氮含量的性行性研究

介绍磷酸二铵和尿素2种化学肥料的特性,从农作物吸收铵态氮和酰胺态氮的原理、添加尿素对磷酸二铵生产工艺的影响、选择尿素添加方式等3方面分析提高磷酸二铵产品中总氮含量的可行性,并质疑GB/T10209.1—2008总氮含量测定方法不能测出尿素所增加的氮,故建议修订相关国标。