交直流电压下绝缘子放电紫外脉冲与泄漏电流对比分析

绝缘子污闪是威胁电力系统安全可靠运行的主要因素之一,如何有效检测绝缘子污秽状态成为污闪防治的关键。本文基于搭建的污秽绝缘子放电紫外脉冲检测系统,利用人工气雾室开展了不同污秽分布与空气湿度下陶瓷绝缘子放电紫外脉冲检测与泄漏电流对比实验研究。实验结果表明:直流电压下,不同污秽分布与空气湿度下绝缘子放电紫外脉冲数与泄漏电流具有相似的规律,可采用绝缘子放电紫外脉冲数替代泄漏电流检测污秽绝缘子,实现绝缘子污秽状态的非接触检测与评估;交流电压下,不同污秽分布绝缘子放电紫外脉冲数区别不大,难以通过紫外脉冲检测实现不同污秽分布绝缘子的区分。研究工作为输电线路绝缘子污秽状态非接触检测与评估提供了参考。     

基于紫外脉冲法的陶瓷绝缘子污秽状态检测及评估方法

基于紫外脉冲检测法,搭建了污秽绝缘子放电紫外脉冲检测系统,在人工雾室内进行了不同污秽分布下陶瓷绝缘子放电紫外脉冲检测与泄漏电流检测试验。试验结果表明:全污秽绝缘子泄漏电流明显大于其他污秽分布绝缘子;存在非连续污秽分布时,污秽绝缘子泄漏电流与洁净绝缘子相近,此时通过泄漏电流检测绝缘子污秽状态将产生较大误差;紫外脉冲检测系统具有较好的放电检测性能,能有效检测不同污秽分布绝缘子放电状态。构建了包含紫外脉冲数、污秽分布、温度与湿度、气象环境、绝缘子类型与材质、运行电压等影响因素的绝缘子状态评估指标体系,基于评价指标层次结构建立关系矩阵及模糊一致矩阵,获取项目层及指标层各因素权值;按照绝缘子状态安全等级构建各指标隶属度函数,采用模糊综合评估法判断被测绝缘子样品的安全等级。     

湿度可控的绝缘子泄漏电流智能测控系统研制

为了防止污闪事故的发生,需要对线路外绝缘污秽状态和污闪风险进行评估。泄漏电流法由于其在线实时性越来越受人们关注。泄漏电流主要受绝缘子染污程度和受潮程度的影响。目前研究大多集中在饱和受潮下的泄漏电流特性,而对于非饱和受潮的研究较少。为了对绝缘子泄漏电流和湿度关系进行研究,研制了一套湿度可控的绝缘子污秽试验的智能测控系统。该系统能精确测量试验过程中绝缘子上的电压、电流及温湿度;对实现泄漏电流在0.1mA～2A内精度为2%的测量;采用模糊控制调节湿度,实现相对湿度在80%～99%内精度为2%的调控。同时对不同污秽的绝缘子在不同湿度下的受潮进行了研究分析,给出了加湿的参考时长为40min。     

变电站设备外绝缘状态在线评估系统研发

为了有效预防变电站设备闪络事故的发生,根据最大泄漏电流和污闪电压关系建立了变电站设备外绝缘状态评估模型。该模型以一段时间内测得的绝缘子泄漏电流最大值为基础,综合地考虑了绝缘子形状系数、爬电总距离和现场相对湿度的影响。利用这个评估模型研发了变电站设备外绝缘状态在线评估系统。该系统在人工试验和现场运行中显示,能实时、正确地评估设备的污秽状态。     

绝缘子污秽放电的声发射核主成分诊断法

为了提高污秽绝缘子外绝缘状态的诊断准确度,利用绝缘子污秽放电时产生的声发射信号评定其外绝缘状态。通过绝缘子污秽试验,由高灵敏度声信号监测装置检测绝缘子的污秽放电声发射信号;对提取的声发射信号进行核主成分分析,将样本从低维的状态空间非线性的映射到高维核空间,在核空间采用随机森林方法训练得到分类器群,根据分类器群的分类结果对每个测试样本进行投票表决决定其最终分类。分析和诊断试验结果表明,声发射信号的3个原始特征量经核主成分分析后,变换为65个核特征量,有效地提高了分类器群之间的差异性。基于核主成分分析的随机森林模型的状态诊断结果具有很高的准确性。利用污秽放电声发射信号可进行污秽放电阶段的划分,以达到监测绝缘子的外绝缘状态的目的。     

绝缘子污秽放电声发射的统计指纹分析

在深入研究绝缘子污秽放电声发射信号的基础上,提出采用统计指纹参量来评定绝缘子外绝缘状态的新方法。提出将污秽绝缘子外绝缘状态划分为3个阶段,即安全、报警和危险,为发布污闪预警信息提供依据。绝缘子污秽放电的强度和声发射信号之间存在对应关系,根据绝缘子污秽放电声发射信号的放电幅值分布和频谱分布图提取了17个统计指纹参量,绘制了绝缘子污秽放电不同发展阶段的统计指纹图谱,显著地表征了不同放电阶段的差异。并从17个统计参量中提取了3个主成分特征量。最后设计了基于最小二乘支持向量机的污秽绝缘子外绝缘状态分类器。实验结果证明了该统计指纹分析方法的可行性。     

污秽绝缘子高频泄漏电流特征的研究

泄漏电流和污闪放电的发展过程密切相关,监测泄漏电流是评估绝缘污秽状态的重要手段。为克服传统泄漏电流法的缺点,笔者通过人工污秽试验方法,研究了玻璃绝缘子的高频泄漏电流,并对几种污秽表面状态的高频泄漏电流的幅值、波形和频谱特征进行了分析,提出了污秽绝缘子的高频泄漏电流特征,以及高频泄漏电流特征参数与等值盐密的相关性。     

污秽中CaSO_4质量分数对瓷绝缘子串泄漏电流特性的影响

泄漏电流是表征绝缘子绝缘状态的重要参量之一,国内外进行了较多研究工作,但分析污秽中CaSO_4质量分数对染污绝缘子泄漏电流特性影响的研究较少。为此,以7片双伞型悬式瓷绝缘子XWP2-160为试品,在人工雾室中进行了人工污秽试验,研究了CaSO_4对绝缘子泄漏电流的影响规律。研究结果表明:由于CaSO_4是微溶的电解质,所以未能溶解的CaSO_4等效为灰的作用,随着CaSO_4质量分数的增加,泄漏电流峰值呈负指数幂形式降低;泄漏电流峰值出现时间呈正指数幂形式增加;闪络电流值略微减小;泄漏电流脉冲次数呈线性减小;临闪电流呈负指数幂形式减小。研究结果对污秽绝缘子闪络特性的分析、机理的认识有着重要意义,可为输电线路外绝缘设计和运行维护提供参考。     

绝缘子安全区泄漏电流频谱特征提取及污秽状态预测

针对现有染污绝缘子在线检测系统基于泄漏电流时域特征预测绝缘子污秽状态，而忽略了泄漏电流频域成分中含有丰富信息量的问题，提出了利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)与功率谱估计相结合的分析方法，提取出泄漏电流的2个频谱特征量：3次谐波与基波幅值比k和功率谱中高频能量与总能量之比a，作为污秽状态预测参量。该文主要研究运行电压下安全区(<20mA)内，分别改变湿度和污秽度情况下，泄漏电流的频谱特征，泄漏电流受湿度以及污秽变化的频谱特征，目的是将绝缘子污秽状态预测提前到安全区来。现有的试验结果表明，利用频谱特征量k和a的变化规律，能有效预测绝缘子表面的湿度和污秽度状况。     

基于BP人工神经网络的绝缘子泄漏电流预测

外绝缘泄漏电流和绝缘子的污闪过程存在密切的对应关系，相对湿度是影响泄漏电流产生和发展的关键因素之一。首先对两种常用悬式绝缘子进行人工污秽试验，利用泄漏电流测量系统记录其在运行电压作用下、不同相对湿度时的泄漏电流波形并对此进行分析；采用BP人工神经网络的方法，建立了不同湿度下的泄漏电流最大值之间的对应关系；选择Levenberg-Marquardt快速学习算法对建立的BP神经网络进行训练。利用部分试验数据进行的验证以及采用不同方法获得的泄漏电流随相对湿度变化曲线均表明，使用该神经网络来建立不同表面受潮状态时泄漏电流最大值之间的关系是准确有效的。     

Experimental verification of HVDC test sources requirements forpollution tests

This paper presents the results of tests conducted to verify the effect of the voltage source on the critical flashover voltage of DC insulators under pollution. Tests were performed under 3 pollution levels using voltage sources with different voltage drop x leakage current characteristics. A data acquisition system was used to record all current pulses above a certain pre selected current level and the corresponding voltage evolution during current pulse duration, which made possible a complete analysis of current pulses and voltage drops characteristics. The experimental results show that the present restrictions imposed on the DC voltage sources can probably be relaxed. Also from the experimental data collected it was found that the insulator tested presents a constant impedance x current characteristic. This characteristic can be useful in checking theoretical models for polluted insulator flashover     

污秽绝缘子表面电场分布仿真及绝缘特性试验

In this paper,the electrical fields along the insulator surface under different scenarios,such as asymmetric pollution on top/bottom surface,and uneven circumferential distribution of surface pollution,have been calculated with finite element method for field simulation.Tests on artificial pollution insulators are conducted to study the 50% withstand voltage U50 of artificial pollution suspension insulators under different NSDD(non-soluble deposit density)and asymmetric pollution on the top/bottom surface,and study the change of leakage current with air humidity under different voltage and different ESDD(equivalent salt deposit density).The result shows that asymmetric top/bottom surface pollution has a greater impact on the insulator electrical field distribution,and the leakage current will jump under low air humidity,if had large ESDD,which has practical meanings to the anti-pollution design of the transmission line under different pollution levels across the country.     

污秽绝缘子在线监测系统的设计与实现

介绍了基于遥测技术的污秽绝缘子在线监测系统的设计与实现。利用泄漏电流沿面形成的原理，通过特殊的引流装置卡，在线实时测量输电线路上绝缘子串的泄漏电流，通过统计算法求得一段周期内泄漏电流的峰值平均值、峰值最大值及大电流脉冲数，通过接力式无线传输与有线传输相结合，将数据上传到数据分析总站，运用专家知识和自学习算法对上述3类数据进行综合分析，对各污区绝缘子的积污状况做出正确的评估和预测，实现故障预警，并为准确划分污区和实现状态检修提供科学依据。     

现代功率谱估计在绝缘子污秽诊断中的应用

针对现有绝缘子在线监测系统基于泄漏电流时域特征分析的诊断和预警很难分析其表面的污秽放电状况的问题。提出了绝缘子泄漏电流信号的功率谱分析法。它采用现代功率谱估计中的AR参数模型在MATLAB中运用Burg算法估计不同污秽状况下的绝缘子泄漏电流数据,并结合泄漏电流时域特征进行了联合分析。结果表明,不同污秽状况下绝缘子泄漏电流的功率谱特性有显著区别,将现代功率谱估计与时域特征分析相结合综合分析可以更好地掌握绝缘子表面污秽放电状况并做出较准确的预警。     

Flashover of discontinuous pollution layer on HV insulators

This paper deals with discontinuous pollution layers deposited on the insulator surface. Two zones are known to form: a clean (dry) zone and a polluted (wetted) zone. The influence of the length and position of the dry zone on the leakage current and the arc length are investigated. These were made on a plane experimental model under ac voltage. Two configurations were studied: pollution deposited near the HV electrode, and pollution deposited near the ground electrode. This study was made using pollution layers with different conductivities. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model allowing us to calculate the gap impedance, the transferred (gap) voltage and the leakage current was established. This model enables to predict the pollution severity based on the sample's equivalent impedance     

基于运行电压下泄漏电流的交流污闪电压预测(英文)

This paper presented a model to predict the AC flashover voltage of contaminated suspension insulators.The prediction method is based on the maximum leakage current under AC operating voltage.Three kinds of widely used suspension insulators were tested in various contamination states such as pollution layers with different equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD),different composition of the conductive components,different non-soluble deposit density(NSDD) and different pollution distribution states to simulate the contamination states in nature.The effective ESDD was proposed and calculated.Influences of contamination states to maximum leakage current and flashover voltage were studied.Then,the relationships between flashover voltage and leakage current in these states were presented.Finally,considering the difference of insulator profiles,a new parameter is defined and a model to estimate the flashover voltage based on this parameter is developed.The model could be used in all kinds of suspension insulators in different contamination states and was validated by the test results.     

基于BP人工神经网络的绝缘子等值附盐密度预测

等值附盐密度是确定污秽等级和绘制电网污区分布图的主要依据,但是,它易受测量用水量的影响,且测量只能在停电状态下进行.通过对3种常用悬式绝缘子进行人工污秽试验,采用BP人工神经网络的方法,建立了以泄漏电流最大值、泄漏电流5个脉冲主成分、环境湿度、温度等8个变量作为输入参数,等值附盐密度作为输出参数的智能预测模型.使用Levenberg-Marquardt快速学习算法对建立的神经网络进行训练.其试验数据验证了该方法的可行性.     

Performance Evaluation of Insulating Links Used for Worker Protection in Cranes

Insulating links are used to protect crane workers from accidentally contacting a transmission line. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests that determined the leakage current produced by sudden energization of polluted and wet insulating links. Two different manufacturers' links were tested at heavy and light pollution. The results show that the short duration transient or the root mean square (rms) leakage current is the measure of the ability of the links to provide protection. The leakage current can endanger the life of a crane worker before flashover occurs. The dependence of leakage current on test voltage under heavy and light pollution conditions was determined. Obtained leakage current data was compared with IEC 479-1 standard, that provides health effect data. The link protects the crane worker, if the line voltage is less than the maximum voltage determined from the correlated test results. The results were used to assess the efficiency of worker protection.     

基于泄漏电流基波阻性分量的绝缘子污秽度表示方法的研究

绝缘子污秽状态判断对电网安全工作意义重大。基于污秽绝缘子串等效电路的理论分析,建立了绝缘子串泄漏电流试验回路,对洁净及不同污秽情况下的绝缘子串泄漏电流进行了测量,并利用FFT变换分析绝缘子泄漏电流频谱,提取了泄漏电流基波阻性分量,研究了泄漏电流基波阻性分量同污秽度及相对湿度间的关系。结果表明,污秽干燥情况下,绝缘子泄漏电流较小且主要为容性电流;与洁净时相比,绝缘子串染污时总的泄漏电流及其基波分量的变化并不明显,而泄漏电流基波阻性分量同污秽盐密及相对湿度呈非线性关系,低湿度情况下变化更显著,可以通过泄漏电流基波阻性分量来表示绝缘子的污秽程度,这比利用总泄漏电流进行判断更有效;高湿度情况下泄漏电流基波阻性分量法已不适合判断绝缘子污秽度。且该方法无需对绝缘子串安装集流环,保证了系统安全性。