VGG13卷积神经网络在刀具磨损监测中的应用

刀具磨损对工件加工精度和表面质量有很大影响,为保证零件加工质量,需对刀具磨损状况进行监测。在实际加工生产中采集工件铣削时的振动信号和力信号,利用短时傅里叶变换,将一维信号转化为二维谱图,建立刀具磨损阶段与频谱图的对应关系,利用Pytorch搭建VGG13卷积神经网络,将频谱图作为卷积神经网络模型输入进行训练,得到刀具磨损监测模型。通过实验对方案可行性及模型准确度进行测试,实验结果表明,利用卷积神经网络进行刀具磨损状态监测的准确度能够达到98%以上,可为实际生产中的刀具磨损状态监测提供参考。     

HMM技术在数控镗刀状态监测中的应用

通过对声发射传感器采集的刀具磨损状态信号进行分析,提取出反映刀具磨损状态的特征向量MFCC系数及差分系数,然后利用HMM进行信号处理。建立了检测镗刀刀具状态的监测系统。实验结果表明,该监测系统在刀具的正常磨损阶段,可以实现刀具大致磨损量的预报;在刀具破损或损坏情况下,能够及时监测和预报刀具损坏状态。这种监测方法能够进行实时在线监测,为刀具的磨损监测提供了一条切实可行的途径。     

精密数控机床铣刀故障监测方法的研究

刀具在加工过程中不可避免的存在着磨损和破损现象,刀具的消耗直接导致工件精度下降和生产成本增加。开展了一系列实验,深入研究刀具状态监测方法,构建了新型铣削过程刀具磨损监测试验系统。通过振动传感器和声发射传感器对铣削过程中不同磨损程度刀具的信号进行检测、采集、分析。选择对刀具磨损状态反映敏感的特征量。采用BP神经网络,建立刀具磨损特征向量与刀具磨损状态之间的非线性映射关系。     

基于长短期记忆神经网络的刀具磨损状态监测

刀具磨损状况的实时检测是目前机床加工状态监测的难点,而对刀具的振动信号分析的常用方法是利用神经网络模型来判断刀具磨损状态。为解决循环神经网络(RNN)模型训练过程中梯度容易消亡的现象,提出基于长短期记忆神经网络的刀具磨损状态在线监测。刀具在进行切削加工时,首先通过加速度传感器采集刀具振动信号,然后对振动信号小波包变换进行分解是让信号通过不同的滤波器进行有条件的选择,由此形成不同的能量值,用作为长短期记忆神经网络的特征输入,从而诊断出刀具磨损状态的3种状态故障;最后利用长短期记忆神经网络模型对处理时间序列的数据有比较好的效果,它可以捕捉长期的依赖关系和非线性动态变化。此外,通过与多层(BP)神经网络和(BP)神经网络故障诊断方法进行比较,结果表明,LSTM网络对刀具磨损状态在线监测更加有效。     

对刀具磨损获取信号处理方法的探讨

建立了监测信号与刀具磨损之间的关系,利用监测信号直接或间接反映刀具磨损状态。针对磨损信号多种的处理方法(建立刀具磨损的关系),总结了近几年来学者对监测信号采用的不同处理方法。     

不同信号融合的立铣刀刀具磨破损状态监测方法研究

首先对比研究了不同监测信号的特点,选择了振动信号、切削力信号、声发射信号作为研究信号,然后采用经典信号分析方法对三类监测信号进行分析并提取了相应的统计特征;接着对非平稳性较强的振动信号和声发射信号进行了非平稳特征分析;在此基础上,分别引入相对向量机算法与概率神经网络算法对刀具磨损状态进行识别,基于单一传感器信号的最佳特征向量进行特征层融合,建立了不同信号融合的刀具状态监测模型;最后通过对比不同信号融合方式下的刀具状态监测模型,得到最佳的振动信号与切削力信号融合的监测方式。     

基于故障数据库的高速铣削诊断的研究

通过对高速铣削过程中各种铣刀状态下采集的振动信号进行时域、频域分析,对比不同磨损程度刀具的振动信号,找出与刀具状态对应的信号特征。基于LabVIEW平台,开发出在线分析监测系统。由于铣削加工过程的复杂性以及监测系统中得到的特征数据结构复杂、种类繁多,因此将数据库技术应用于在线监测系统中,从而实现对监测系统中数据有效集中管理,提高系统的即时反应速度和运行效率,实现对刀具状态的准确判断。     

异型螺杆铣削过程刀具磨损状态检测研究

针对异型螺杆铣削加工，采用振动信号特征值作为检测刀具磨损的参量。利用小波分析构建滤波器组，对振动信号进行多尺度分解和多分辨率逼近，提取出刀具磨损特征信号。特征信号处理结果反映了刀具磨损变化规律，振动幅值大小反映了刀具磨损状况，从而实现了刀具磨损状态在线实时检测。     

基于卷积神经网络的铣刀后刀面磨损状态预测方法研究

为了监测高温合金材料加工时的铣刀后刀面磨损状态,提出了基于卷积神经网络的刀具磨损状态预测方法,建立了基于机床主轴电流与功率信号实时监测的刀具磨损状态预测系统。通过建立与机床数控系统的通信,采集加工过程中的电流和功率信号,采用主成分分析法(PAC)对采集的参数进行特征提取,选择对刀具磨损值影响较大的主成分作为卷积神经网络的输入,实现对刀具磨损状态的准确预测。铣削实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的预测准确率。     

基于多源同步信号与深度学习的刀具磨损在线识别方法

为提高刀具状态监测系统的实用性、避免实际加工过程中工序变换产生的信号干扰,提出一种基于多源同步信号与深度学习的刀具磨损在线识别方法。该方法利用自动触发的方式实现了机床运行在特定工序时的刀具振动、主轴功率、数控系统参数等多源信号的同步在线采集,保证信号同步性的同时有效避免了因工序变换而产生的信号波动干扰;进一步利用高频振动特征实现了 “切削过程”与“切削间隙”采集样本的准确划分,并基于皮尔逊积矩相关系数筛选出强关联特征,保证了多源监测信号融合样本的可用性;最后基于一维卷积神经网络建立了刀具磨损在线识别模型。实验结果表明,该方法无论从识别精度还是诊断效率,均能实现实际加工过程中刀具磨损状态的在线识别。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.