基于SIMULNK的单轴重型燃气轮机建模与仿真研究

通过面向对象的模块化建模方法,在MATLAB／SIMULINK软件中建立了燃气轮机部件模块库,并进行了燃气轮机系统变工况仿真研究。为了提高仿真精度,本文采用变比热容的计算方法,并考虑气体组分的变化对整个系统模型的影响,建立了一种考虑容积惯性和转动惯性的、非线性的单轴重型燃气轮机实时动态仿真模型。仿真结果表明,该模型设计合理、结构清晰,可应用于重型燃气轮机控制系统的研制和测试,并具有很好的通用性和扩展性。     

基于Simscape的重型燃气轮机建模与仿真研究

现代重型燃气轮机的二次空气约占总空气通流量的20%左右,对燃气轮机整体性能有着不可忽略的影响。为研究二次空气对重型燃气轮机的影响,采用Simscape语言编写了燃气轮机通用模块库,利用模块库搭建了重型燃气轮机模型,并验证了模型的正确性。最后,进行了变工况仿真实验,结果表明二次空气冷却系统可以在保护高温透平的同时提高压气机效率,从而优化了燃气轮机整体性能。     

高精度燃气轮机控制器在回路的仿真研究

采用容积法建立了非迭代和模块化的燃气轮机实时模型,并提出其实时求解算法;同时还建立了通用的燃气轮机控制器在回路的实时仿真平台,并在PC机上获得了高精度实时时钟.基于该实时模型和平台,进行了高、低压压气机和涡轮共轴的燃气轮机起动、升降负荷和甩负荷仿真试验,并通过整定PID控制器参数获得了理想的燃气轮机动态响应特性.结果表明:该实时模型、算法和平台可满足高精度燃气轮机控制器在回路的仿真需要,具有工程应用价值.     

基于生物质气的固体氧化物燃料电池-燃气轮机混合动力系统的性能分析

以生物质气为燃料,建立了固体氧化物燃料电池-燃气轮机混合动力系统的仿真模型.利用所建立的模型进行仿真,根据燃料电池特性参数和压气机、透平特性曲线,分析了燃料质量流量、空气质量流量等参数对混合动力系统性能的影响.结果表明:基于生物质气的固体氧化物燃料电池-燃气轮机混合动力系统的发电效率最高可达61.55%,但在这种情况下系统的寿命和可靠性急剧下降;在设计点工况下,系统的发电效率可达55.31%.燃料质量流量不变,空气质量流量可以在0.084 0~0.179 9kg/s内调节,系统效率变化范围为61.55%~51.43%;空气质量流量不变,为防止压气机发生喘振,燃料质量流量变化范围为0.062 3~0.084 6kg/s,功率变化范围为124.9~187.3kW.     

逆流板翅式换热器动态性能的建模与仿真

对间冷回热燃气轮机关键部件逆流板翅式换热器进行了动态性能的仿真研究。在考虑气体工质压缩性的基础上，根据换热器内部冷、热流体的压力、流量和温度的变化和冷热流道间隔板的热平衡，建立了逆流板翅式换热器的动态数学模型，在EASY5平台上搭建了逆流板翅式换热器的分布参数模型，并进行了动态的仿真试验计算。分析结果表明该逆流板翅式换热器模型较好地实现了对换热器内部流体流动和换热的模拟，可以作为部件模块，用来时间冷回热燃气轮机系统性能的仿真研究。     

基于非线性模型的燃气轮机热参数故障诊断及仿真

燃气轮机气动部件故障的发生会导致机组性能参数的变化,且为复杂的非线性变化。在建立燃气轮机标准模型的基础上,研究了系统的故障性能参数的变化及建立了系统的故障模型。首先通过标准模型仿真数据和机组故障运行数据的对比分析,初步定位机组的故障部件,进而提出了修正部件特征性能参数的方法,通过模块实现机组故障的非线性表达,在EASY5仿真平台上建立了燃气轮机系统的故障模型。利用该模型可通过机组非线性模型定量表达部件性能参数的变化,准确地实现机组的故障定位和仿真。以某联合循环机组的燃气轮机为例对此方法进行了验证,实现了机组故障工况的重现,为机组性能特性研究、故障诊断和故障分析奠定了一定的基础。     

重型燃气轮机通流部分热力特性计算与仿真研究

以某F级单轴重型燃气轮机通流部分热力特性为研究对象,通过模块化建模方法在MATLAB/Simulink平台中建立燃机系统仿真模型,对燃气轮机典型截面上压缩空气和高温燃气沿转子轴向的特性进行仿真研究。提出了一种结合表征压气机级特性的基元级算法和根据抽气点位置划分的压缩级建模方法的压气机仿真模型。由于燃机通流部分工质的温度变化较大,而且伴随着燃烧反应及燃气与冷却空气混流问题,为保证仿真精度,该模型采用变比热容公式计算空气和燃气的热力参数,并对工质组分质量分数进行详细计算,还考虑了容积惯性和转动惯性对整个系统模型的影响。结果表明,该仿真模型在实际应用中能够满足建模精度的要求。     

一种考虑变几何特性的重型燃气轮机建模方法

在传统燃气轮机仿真模型的基础上,对比分析模型计算结果与机组性能试验数据,定量地得到了可转导叶(IGV)开度变化对燃气轮机性能的影响,建立了考虑IGV开度变化对机组性能影响的重型燃气轮机性能仿真模型.结果表明:所建模型的稳态计算结果与试验数据相吻合,正确反映了燃气轮机参数随燃气轮机功率的变化关系,可以应用于系统动态特性分析以及控制系统的设计和验证.     

工质加湿后简单燃气涡轮循环的动态响应

在传统燃气轮机循环的动态仿真研究中，对涡轮部件的处理一般都采用涡轮特性图或曲线的方法来完成；但如果进入涡轮的工质发生变化，由纯燃气变成高温高压高湿的燃气，那么涡轮特性图或曲线在无法获得的情况下要建立湿工质循环的动态仿真模型，对涡轮部件需作特殊处理。本文根据涡轮的工作原理建立了基于逐级计算的涡轮部件性能仿真模块：利用此涡轮模块，搭建完成了发电用简单燃气轮机循环动态仿真模型，同时燃烧室考虑注湿，计算在不同注湿情况下涡轮部件的性能变化以及整个循环的动态响应过程。     

一种重型燃气轮机通用模型的建立

建立一种面向对象的重型燃气轮机通用仿真模型,利用该通用模型建立了2种不同重型燃气轮机的动态模型,通过对燃气轮机模型稳态、动态仿真结果和实测数据进行对比,验证了该通用仿真模型的准确性和通用性,利用该通用模型可以方便地建立各种不同结构的重型燃气轮机模型.利用强跟踪滤波器对基于模型的重型燃气轮机气路故障进行诊断仿真,结果证明,利用建立的通用仿真模型并结合强跟踪滤波器,可以对重型燃气轮机气路故障进行诊断.     

基于Dymola/Mbdelica的航空燃气涡轮访真研究

设计开发新的航空发动机是一项复杂耗时的工程．而计算机仿真是一种有效的解决办法，因此开发比较通用的仿真模型已成为一种发展趋势。本文利用模块化建模的方法．把航空燃气涡轮分为流动模块和容积模块两部分．并采用新型仿真软件Dymola／Modelica编制了相关仿真程序库。该模型库具有层次化的结构，以及可扩展、标准化的特点。以涡轮为例建立了可扩展的航空燃气涡轮程序库，并利用该程序库与其它模型库结合．搭建了一个带开关磁阻电机的混合排气航空发动机模型，得到了合理的仿真结果．验证了该方法的可行性及推广应用价值。     

基于Modelica语言的燃气涡轮建模及应用

为了对燃气涡轮的性能进行更好的仿真研究，利用模块化建模的方法，并根据质量和能量守恒的原理，把燃气涡轮分为流动模块和容积模块两部分。其中．容积模块看作是质量和能量的集聚，流动模块看作是质量和能量的流动。采用新型的、面向对象的仿真软件Modelica编制了燃气涡轮的仿真模型，建立了可扩展的燃气涡轮程序库，并利用该程序库与其它模型库结合，搭建了单轴燃气涡轮发动机模型，得到了合理的仿真结果，验证了该方法可行及推广应用价值。图11参8     

广东台山核电站稳压器卸压箱热工设计方法

根据理想气体状态方程、质量守恒定律、能量守恒定律,假定热力平衡态卸压箱中为饱和蒸汽,推导了核电站稳压器卸压箱的容积设计方法,探讨了不同温度和压力限值对卸压箱容积设计的影响,以及如何确定水位控制范围,并对台山一期核电站的稳压器卸压箱和鼓泡管喷嘴处的热工参数进行了核算．结果表明：推导出的稳压器卸压箱的热工参数完全符合工程设计实际情况,为国内压水堆核电站稳压器卸压箱的热工设计提供了思路．     

变几何多级轴流压气机动态仿真模型的研究与应用

首先采用基于级平均直径上的一维流动逐级叠加法建立了变几何多级轴流压气机全工况性能预估模型,在此基础上,将压气机的级作为控制体,运用一维非稳态质量、动量和能量平衡微分方程来描述级出口截面处热力学参数动态特性,采用模块化方法建立各级集总参数模块,按照工质流程将各级的仿真模块连接起来即形成压气机通流部分机理性动态仿真模型.仿真试验表明:该仿真模型能够正确反映燃气轮机启动过程中与压气机有关的热力学参数变化过程,模型的动态响应特性与实际压气机热力参数的变化趋势基本一致.     

SOFC cogeneration system for building applications, part 1: Development of SOFC system-level model and the parametric study

A thermal and electrochemical model is developed for the simulation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) cogeneration system in this study. The modeling algorithms of electrochemical and thermal models are described. Since the fuel cell stack itself is only a single component within the whole SOFC system, the modeling of the balance-of-plant (BOP) components is also performed to assess the system-level performance. Using the new model, a parametric analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of fuel flow rate, extent of methane gas pre-reforming, fuel utilization factor, recycling rate of cathode gas and cell voltage on the overall system performance. As a result of the parametric study, fuel flow rate, cell voltage, fuel utilization and recycling rate of cathode gas turned out to improve system power output. In addition, the internal reforming turned out to have advantage over external reforming in terms of system power supply.     

Elevated temperature hydrogen/carbon dioxide separation process simulation by integrating elementary reaction model of hydrotalcite adsorbent

An elementary reaction kinetics model related with Elovich equation is developed to predict the CO₂ adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetic behavior for potassium promoted hydrotalcite-like compound (K-promoted HTlcs). The elementary reaction kinetics model is comprehensively validated by experimental data from both atmosphere pressure thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and a high pressure adsorption apparatus. The elevated temperature pressure swing adsorption s(PSA) system modeling framework is then developed on the gPROMS commercial simulation platform by further considering comprehensive coupling effects from mass, momentum and energy transport processes, integrated with dynamic boundary condition and realistic operating procedures. The effects of adsorption time, residence time, purge to feed ratio, working pressure and adsorbents capacity on PSA cycling gas separation performance are studied with the proposed modeling framework based on a four-bed two-pressure-equalization PSA process.     

Modeling of molten carbonate fuel cell based on the volume-resistance characteristics and experimental analysis

The real-time dynamic simulation of MCFC is still difficult up to now. This work presents a one-dimensional mathematical model for MCFC considering the variation of local gas properties, and the experimental analysis for the validation of model. The volume-resistance (V-R) characteristic modeling method has been introduced. Using the V-R modeling method and the modular modeling idea, the partial differential equations for cell mass, energy and momentum balance can be modified in order to develop a model for quick simulation. Experiments have been carried out at Shanghai Jiaotong University Fuel Cell Research Institute. The experiments have been done under different operating pressures, and the results are used to validate the model. A good agreement between simulation and experimental results has been observed. Steady- and dynamic-state simulation results are analyzed. The results indicate that the V-R characteristic modeling method is feasible and valuable. The model can be used in the real-time dynamic simulation.     

船用低速电控柴油机实时仿真模型开发研究

在分析低速机控制系统功能的基础上,确定了船用低速电控柴油机实时仿真模型功能,利用模块化建模方法开发了低速机缸内工作过程、进排气过程、涡轮增压器、中冷器等各个子模型,并针对电控系统的控制需求,建立了燃油喷射、排气门、辅助风机等独立的仿真子模型作为电控系统的受控对象,可使仿真得到的性能参数随控制参数的改变而实时变化,最后将实时仿真模型与硬件在环硬件进行了集成,对开发的低速机实时仿真模型进行了精度及实时性的验证。通过仿真数据与试车报告中的试验数据进行对比,实时仿真模型模拟的稳态工况下数据与试验数据最大误差在5%以内,运行在实时仿真机中的实时因子小于1。开发的低速机实时仿真模型精度和实时性满足硬件在环仿真测试要求,可将其用在低速机硬件在环仿真系统,开展低速机电控系统的功能测试。     

Dynamic modeling of a PEM fuel cell with temperature effects

With the aim of dynamic simulation and control, a new non-linear state-space dynamic non-isothermal polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model is developed in this paper. This mathematical model is developed based on mass and energy equation. The present model takes in account subsequent factors as the effects of charge double layer capacitance, the geometrical capacity and the effect of temperature gradient. In this paper, the authors propose a combination of several dynamic equations to study the effect of suddenly variation of some operating parameters like load resistance, gas pressure and gas temperature input. The results are compared to those of an isothermal model. This model will be extremely functional for the best possible design and real-time control of PEMFC systems. The present model is executed in MATHCAD software and the fuel cell is symbolized by an equivalent circuit which incorporates gas diffusion layer, membrane and electrodes. The analysis results show that the main elements that influence the performance of the cell are load resistance and functioning temperature.     

Optimal analysis of a space solar dynamic power system

The major purpose of the present study is the theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and optimal analysis of a space solar dynamic power system. Using the method of system analysis, a mathematical and physical model is developed to describe the process of energy transfer and conversion in a space solar dynamic power system. As a new assessing criterion for total launch mass, it is proposed to combine the system mass and aerodynamic drag area into a unified criterion. The effects of the configurations and operating parameters on the system performance are analyzed and the optimal scheme of a space solar dynamic power system is obtained by numerical simulation.