生物强化法在屠宰废水处理中的应用

屠宰废水是中等浓度有机废水,含氮量高,适宜用厌氧-好氧工艺处理。通过投菌对其生物系统进行强化,考察了菌株对屠宰废水生物处理的强化作用。试验结果表明,经投菌强化后的厌氧-好氧系统,对比未投菌的空白系统,出水COD的质量浓度从129mg/L降低到96.9mg/L,去除率提高2.08%;NH3-N的质量浓度从64.9mg/L降到14.4mg/L,去除率提高76.4%。生物强化可有效提高生物系统对屠宰废水的处理效果。     

屠宰废水处理技术的现状及进展

从分析国内外屠宰类废水的处理工艺方法及各自的优缺点入手,针对屠宰废水高含油量、高碳磷比和高碳氮比等特点,对屠宰废水处理工艺的选择和生化处理中应注意的问题进行了分析,得出了处理屠宰废水最经济有效的方法应以生物法处理为主,辅助以必要的物理、化学等预处理方法的结论。     

屠宰废水处理方法研究进展

为了探讨屠宰废水处理方法的发展方向,对屠宰废水处理方法——物理法、化学法,以及组合工艺进行了综述.物理法、化学法一般用于屠宰废水的预处理阶段,而组合工艺则可对屠宰废水进行有效处理.针对屠宰废水处理组合工艺的出现为屠宰废水的有效处理提供了新思路.     

三鸟家禽市场废水的治理

介绍了生物接触氧化工艺在禽类屠宰加工废水中的工程应用。结果表明,该工艺具有自动控制,处理效率好,运行费用低等特点。     

关于禽畜屠宰废水的处理工艺

禽畜屠宰废水具有机物含量高、可生化性较好等特点,因此生化处理是禽畜屠宰废水的主要处理工艺。文章概述了禽畜屠宰废水的处理工艺和目前我国禽畜屠宰废水处理工艺的应用,介绍了常用的禽畜屠宰废水处理工艺的优缺点,实现禽畜屠宰废水的有效治理对人类健康和保护水体环境具有重要意义。     

厌氧处理含动植物油废水的设计和运行

介绍了大豆蛋白废水和屠宰废水的水质和性质特征,分析了污水、污泥、沼气工艺设计和工程的调试运行状况.实践表明大豆蛋白和屠宰废水混和处理,利于均衡生物处理系统营养,降低油脂和长链脂肪酸的影响,优化厌氧系统工艺设计及参数,使COD总去除率达95.0%以上;尽快从间歇进水变为连续进水,利于基质和污泥的混和接触,可促进油脂和脂肪酸的降解,防止油和脂肪酸的积累.     

水解酸化-好氧生物法处理工业废水

水解酸化—好氧生物处理法是近年提出的一种新型处理工业废水的方法。列举了水解酸化工序在生物处理工业废水中的优点，并就其在啤酒废水、屠宰废水、乳品废水、制浆废水以及制药废水中的应用作了介绍。     

屠宰废水处理技术研究

本文拟对现有屠宰废水处理技术及工程应用进行充分分析研究,寻求不同处理工艺的特点,结合我国屠宰废水的特性,运用动力学理论,比较SBR工艺和生物接触氧化工艺的优缺点,并在实际工程项目中加以运用,比较两者的可行性条件。     

屠宰场废水处理工艺优化刍议

目前我国屠宰废水处理已经广泛采用厌氧—好氧生物处理工艺,但是不同的生物处理组合工艺具有各自的优缺点。介绍了广东某屠宰场废水UASB厌氧工艺后的接触氧化法和SBR法两种好氧工艺,并在对比的基础上得出UASB+SBR工艺更适宜中小型屠宰场废水处理的结论。     

焦化废水生物处理技术的发展

焦化废水是一种氨氮和有机物浓度较高的难生化降解的有机废水.随着排放指标的日益严格,出现了很多焦化废水处理技术,而焦化废水生物处理技术的发展是其中一个非常重要的方面,主要包括传统活性污泥法、生物脱氮缺氧/好氧法等.本文系统分析了近年来国内外在焦化废水生物处理技术的研究进展,并简要介绍了国内外一些生物处理新技术,包括以活性污泥法为基础的序批式反应器(SBR)工艺、生物强化技术、同步硝化-反硝化工艺及短程硝化-反硝化工艺等.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.