A new 4G architecture providing multimode terminals always best connected services

In recent years, wireless communication technology has undergone a tremendous change. Various radio access technologies have been deployed all over the world. The 4G mobile system was proposed to integrate all of these radio access technologies into a common network called the open wireless architecture (OWA) platform. As one of the main features of a 4G mobile system, always best connected (ABC) services enable users to choose the best available access networks in a way that best suits their needs. A new architecture capable of supporting ABC service is proposed in this study. There are three parts to the proposed architecture. First, a novel access discovery mechanism that integrates service location protocol and location-based service is presented. Second, a new personalized network selection scheme is put forward. Users can select their personalized "best" network by changing weight factors and constraints in a single objective optimization problem. Third, a seamless handover mechanism based on Mobile IPv6 is proposed. The mechanism supports end-to-end quality of service. Through analysis, this architecture demonstrates that it has benefits not only for network operators, but also for users     

基于QoS的3G网络系统设计与研究

为了有效地解决无线通信网络在宽带业务不断增加时产生的拥塞问题,提出了将区分服务模型应用于第三代移动通信网络以满足不同业务对QoS的需求。详细分析了区分服务模型的关键技术以及区分服务模型的系统结构,将区分服务模型和第三代移动通信分组域核心网系统结合起来,设计了支持QoS的第三代移动分组域核心网络。实验表明提出的模型较好地解决了第三代移动网络分组域核心网的QoS问题,提高了对不同业务的服务质量。     

Native intelligence for 6G mobile network: technical challenges,architecture and key features

The application of the artificial intelligence(AI) technology in the 5 th generation mobile communication system(5 G) networks promotes the development of the mobile communication network and its application in vertical industries, however, the application models of “patching” and “plug-in” have hindered the effect of AI applications. Meanwhile, the application of AI in all walks of life puts forward requirements for new capabilities of the future network, such as distributed training, real-time...     

3G IP Multimedia Subsystem based framework for lawful interception

Issues related to lawful interception, such as invasion of privacy and efficient investigation, are presently at the forefront of social consciousness. Interception technology has to consistently evolve in order to keep pace with new and varied network structures. Thus, standard lawful interception documents that are appropriate for the existing PSTN, 2G and 3G, and packet-based communication are being proposed. In particular, newly arising services based on IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMSs) that support multimedia streaming, data transmission, and voice over IP, make lawful interception even more imperative. In this paper, we propose an architecture for IMS/Session Initiation Protocol based Lawful Interception (LI) in wireless 3G networks. We also propose LI techniques that are differentiated according to the IMS characteristics where content service providers are separated from network providers. Using the standards of dynamic triggering technologies for commissioning the authority to intercept among multiple network providers as a basis, we analyze IMS architecture and service operation methods. We then propose an LI architecture that is appropriate for IMS services. In addition, we present the results of a quality of service performance analysis conducted on our proposed interception architecture for various numbers of IMS users.     

The network paradigm of the 21st century and its key technologies

This article proposes a network paradigm called the single-server-view network as the basis for networks in the 21st century, when the value of a network to users will be based on the services provided rather than data communication capability. Based on our paradigm, we propose a double-plane network architecture, consisting of a simplified data forwarding plane and a service control plane, that performs all the complex processing tasks. The data forwarding plane uses an advanced photonic network as its basis. The service control plane consists of agent, service, and policy control layers with open interfaces between layers. Leading-edge information processing technologies, such as active node, agent, distributed processing, and policy-based management, are used in this plane. Since mobile communication is becoming a major access technology, an approach to integrating mobile and fixed networks into this framework is also proposed. The current status of key technologies, such as photonic networks, agent technology, and policy-based management, are reported.     

6G网络智能内生的思考

面向6G时代,网络将迎来新的应用场景和新的性能需求,多样化的应用和通信场景、超异构的网络连接以及极致性能的服务需求,都对移动通信网络提出了更高的要求。在总结阐述 5G 和 5G-Advanced 网络智能化的基础上,面向6G网络给出了6G网络智能内生的定义,提出了6G网络智能内生架构的四大特征,并分析了6G网络智能内生的潜在关键技术,最后结合两个应用场景进一步探讨了智能内生架构理念。     

Dynamic composition of services for end-to-end information transport - [Service-oriented broadband wireless network architecture]

An increasing number of communication technologies in access and core segments of the network belonging to different providers and subject to different network design criteria are making networks complex and difficult to manage. In such networks it is also more difficult to guarantee requested levels of quality of service. Service oriented design can be the answer to problems facing the providers of services for information transport. In this article we propose an end-to-end service composition for information transport based on principles from service oriented architecture (i.e., dynamically composing transport services with characteristics matching the requirements of a given application). SOA principles are similar to those behind the division of labor, and therefore should give providers incentive to adopt them to make better use of resources and increase revenue. As we show, some SOA concepts are similar to concepts in the open systems interconnection reference model, with the key advantages of dynamism and flexibility. We discuss service oriented networks based on transport service composition across access and core segments, and describe access network selection for online gaming. In particular, we show how semantic technologies can be used for layer 2 queries and discuss the advantages of using knowledge bases over traditional approaches.     

Transparent IP radio access for next-generation mobile networks

Advances in network architecture, enhancements in signaling protocols, provisioning of end-to-end QoS, worldwide seamless mobility, and flexible service provision are among the major research challenges toward next-generation wireless networks. The integration and interoperability of all these technologies, along with new truly broadband wireless innovations and intelligent user-oriented services will lead toward the so-called 4G wireless networks. In this article we identify the key issues of an innovative transparent IP radio access system that targets 4G networks.     

Provision of quality of service in wireless fourth generation networks

A key word describing next generation wireless networks is ‘seamless’. Wireless fourth generation (4G) networks represent a set of new technologies that will enable seamless integration of various wireless access systems, while targeting to support various sophisticated and quality of service constraining applications, such as high‐speed data services and multimedia services. This paper first proposes an architecture for 4G networks. The most significant feature of this architecture is its flexibility, openness and ability to enable seamless handoff in a single logical overlay network composed of many heterogeneous access networks. A medium access control (MAC) protocol for basic access networks is then introduced. A generic scheduling scheme, named CS‐EDF (channel state‐earliest deadline first) and the details of an efficient handoff management method are also briefly introduced. The bandwidth utilization, handoff resources reservation, and scheduling scheme performances of the proposed schemes are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Service‐oriented 5G network architecture: an end‐to‐end software defining approach

With the ever‐increasing mobile demands and proliferation of mobile services, mobile Internet has penetrated into every aspect of human life. Although the 4G mobile communication system is now being deployed worldwide, simply evolving or incrementally improving the current mobile networks can no longer keep the pace with the proliferation of mobile services. Against this background, aiming to achieve service‐oriented 5G mobile networks, this article proposes an end‐to‐end software defining architecture, which introduces a logically centralized control plane and dramatically simplifies the data‐plane. The control plane decomposes the diversified mobile service requirements and, correspondingly, controls the functions and behaviors of data‐plane devices. Consequently, the network directly orients towards services, and the devices are dynamically operated according to the service requirements. Therefore, the proposed architecture efficiently guarantees the end‐to‐end QoS and quality of experience. The challenges and key technologies of our architecture are also discussed in this article. Real traces‐based simulations validate the performance advantages of proposed architecture, including energy efficiency and the whole performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

5G邻近服务关键技术

随着移动通信网络的发展,邻近服务功能为提高用户服务质量提供了更大的实现空间,同时存在更大的挑战。本文结合当前3GPP中邻近服务功能的标准研究情况,主要描述了5G邻近服务的关键技术,介绍了基于邻近服务的授权和直接发现流程,并分析了不同邻近服务中继通信方式的技术特点和适用的应用场景,研究了尚待解决的问题,并从多个角度分析了今后技术发展的趋势,同时提出相应的建议,可为5G邻近服务技术的后续发展和部署提供参考。     

Programming telecommunication networks

The move toward market deregulation and open competition has sparked a wave of serious introspection in the telecommunications service industry. Telecom providers and operators are now required to open up their primary revenue channels to competing industries. The competition for product differentiation increasingly depends on the level of sophistication, degree of flexibility, and speed of deployment of services that a future provider can offer. These factors in turn depend heavily on the flexibility of the software architecture in place in a provider's operational infrastructure. Within this context, we examine the service architecture of two major global communication networks-the telephone network and the Internet and explore their weaknesses and strengths. We discuss the realization of an open programmable networking environment based on a new service architecture for advanced telecommunication services that overcomes the limitations of the existing networks. Our approach to network programmability stems from two angles-one conceptual, the other implementational. In the first, we attempt to develop a service model that is open and reflects the economic market structure of the future telecommunications service industry. Furthermore, we introduce an extended reference model for realizing the service marketplace and present it as a vehicle for creating multimedia services with QoS guarantees. In the second, we investigate the feasibility of engineering the reference model from an implementation standpoint. We describe a realization of the open programmable networking environment as a broadband kernel. Called xbind, the broadband kernel incorporates IP and CORBA technologies for signaling, management, and service creation, and ATM for transport. We also address some of the important QoS, performance, scalability, and implementation issues     

An agent‐based perspective to handover management in 4G networks

In 3G or earlier generation networks handovers are usually initiated and decided by the base station, on the basis of measurements of RSS or SNR received by the terminal, cell congestion, terminal speed etc. In 4G, due to the diversity of available radio access services, additional factors, for example user profile, application requirements, and terminal device capabilities, need also to be taken into account. We propose an agent‐based architecture that determines the timing and target network for handovers in a 4G network setting. The capabilities of the architecture are provided as a value‐added service on top of network operators' wireless access infrastructure. Network selection spans both wireless access and core routing services and is performed by user agents executing in the network side. In order to deal with trust issues we study the integration of the regulatory authority in the architecture. A performance study of the architecture's impact on handover latency is provided through a simulation system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RAT selection for a low battery mobile device for future 5G networks

The growth of wireless communication toward fifth generation will lead to the existence of number of access technologies to provide seamless connectivity and form heterogeneous network environment. Earlier, there was single access technology to run applications, but 5G will have heterogeneous network environment and provide separate network for each application. As compared with 4G, 5G will provide increase in data rate, decrease in delay, increase in quality of service, and so on because of its various enabling technologies. Therefore, for each application, selection of best access network via its enabling technology is an important task. This selection is done either at user terminal side or at network operator side by combining preferences for network attributes and network parameters. In this paper, to enjoy 5G, selection is done in a heterogeneous networks environment for enabling technologies like device‐to‐device communication, spectrum sharing, enhancing quality of experience, energy efficiency, and so on. This selection is done via optimization techniques for a fixed duration video clip that is to be transmitted from a device running low in battery. The selection environment composed of UMTS, WLAN1, and WLAN2 as available networks. The simulation results show that the network selected for each enabling technology supports various features of 5G. Also, error analysis of selection results is done using confidence interval estimate at 90%, 92%, and 95% confidence level. From results obtained, it is seen that different optimization techniques used to access network for different enabling technologies (providing 5G features) prove to be useful for future 5G network.     

未来移动通信业务模型及架构

B3G时代的未来移动通信系统将是一个以用户为中心，提供个性化业务体验的开放融合的信息基础设施，因此面向B3G的业务模型及业务架构的研究对未来移动通信网络建设具有基础性指导作用。基于B3G演进趋势及业务特征，业务参考模型及业务架构可分解为业务支撑范围、业务能力定义和适配特征元素维度的三维业务参考模型，从而形成B3G分层业务架构；相应地，业务提供支撑技术包括虚拟归属环境（VHE）、业务支撑环境、业务能力开放、分布式计算、智能技术、轮廓（Profile）等。VHE体系在结合功能分布、能力开放粒度、智能元素支持、体系结构等方面的研究进行扩展后，将成为B3G时代业务提供的主流架构。     

A seamless context-aware architecture for fourth generation wireless networks

The integration of a multitude of wireless networks is expected to lead to the emergence of the fourth generation (4G) of wireless technologies. Under the motivation of increasing the levels of user satisfaction while maintaining seamless connectivity and a satisfactory level of QoS, we design a novel cross-layer architecture that provides context-awareness, smart handoff and mobility control in heterogeneous wireless IP networks. We develop a Transport and Application Layer Architecture for vertical Mobility with Context-awareness (Tramcar). Tramcar presents a new approach to vertical handoff decisions, which is not exclusively based on network characteristics but also on higher level parameters which fall in the application and transport layers. Tramcar is tailored for a variety of different network technologies with different characteristics and has the ability of adapting to changing environment conditions and unpredictable background traffic. Furthermore, Tramcar allows users to identify and prioritize their preferences. Tramcar is a smart and practical system, which is more capable of dealing with 4G challenges. Simulation results demonstrate that Tramcar increases user satisfaction levels and network throughput under rough network conditions and reduces overall handoff latencies.     

Issues in integrating cellular networks WLANs, AND MANETs: a futuristic heterogeneous wireless network

The popularity of wireless communication systems can be seen almost everywhere in the form of cellular networks, WLANs, and WPANs. In addition, small portable devices have been increasingly equipped with multiple communication interfaces building a heterogeneous environment in terms of access technologies. The desired ubiquitous computing environment of the future has to exploit this multitude of connectivity alternatives resulting from diverse wireless communication systems and different access technologies to provide useful services with guaranteed quality to users. Many new applications require a ubiquitous computing environment capable of accessing information from different portable devices at any time and everywhere. This has motivated researchers to integrate various wireless platforms such as cellular networks, WLANs, and MANETs. Integration of different technologies with different capabilities and functionalities is an extremely complex task and involves issues at all layers of the protocol stack. This article envisions an architecture for state-of-the-art heterogeneous multihop networks, and identifies research issues that need to be addressed for successful integration of heterogeneous technologies for the next generation of wireless and mobile networks.     

面向5G业务的乡镇SPN规划及组网架构

切片分组网凭借其技术优势已成为5G业务主流传送承载网的技术之一。伴随乡镇、农村5G业务高速发展及各类5G垂直行业对5G业务的更高更广需求,前期在市区县城区域部署的SPN已无法完全满足业务需求。为满足乡镇、农村的5G业务发展需求,需考虑将SPN下沉至乡镇层级。基于乡镇5G业务发展趋势,综合考虑乡镇SPN建设条件,结合SPN架构、组网拓扑等条件,搭建乡镇SPN架构模型并深入分析获得某地市实际应用场景建设方案,为后期乡镇SPN建设提供参考和思路。     

Integrated open service node for active networks and services

The changing business scenario for telecommunication services requires higher levels of openness compared to current technologies. The realization of a programmable and open network intelligence fosters the transition toward an open telecom market. This extended openness is requested to allow flexible component-based service integration; extended control/management capabilities are needed for new electronic business infrastructure, more service personalization and programmability, and integration and management of heterogeneous networks (Internet/B-ISDN/mobile, etc.). We present an integrated architecture for active and programmable networks and services based on the concept of an integrated service node. We study the business point of view, the B-ISDN/ATM point of view, and the Internet point of view. Each of these technologies is supported by an adapted and adaptive service node to introduce advanced service composition, control, and management capabilities. We present a possible implementation infrastructure, and discuss related issues     

HotTown, enabling context-aware and extensible mobile interactive spaces

This article introduces a novel, open, and scalable service architecture for context-aware personal communication. In contrast to the network-centric open service access in third-generation mobile networks, this architecture moves the point of integration for user services out to the mobile devices, where we can create support for context-aware computing and communication. Support for peer-to-peer service negotiation with minimal a priori shared knowledge, context representation, and reasoning about context enables the mobile agents (that represent users and other entities) to be aware of and react to any event and thus context. Hence, the delivery of context-aware applications to users intertwining digital and physical objects in mobile interactive spaces leverages events from sensors, mobility support, and digital entities. Finally, a presentation of our prototype and experiences from the HotTown project demonstrates the feasibility of the approach and provides some examples of the enabled user communication for large-scale mobile networks.