尖晶石LiMn2O4容量衰减的原因及解决方法

尖晶石LiMn2O4被认为是最具发展前景的锂离子电池正极材料,但其容量衰减快和循环性能差是制约其商品化的主要原因.分析了尖晶石LiMn2O4容量衰减快和循环性能差的原因,将其归结为内因和外因;在此基础上,从离子掺杂、表面修饰、电解液改性、合成工艺优化几个方面讨论了改善尖晶石LiMn2O4性能的解决方法.     

稀土掺杂锂锰氧化物LiMn2-xNdxO4(X=0.005～0.1)的结构和电性能研究

采用微波与传统加热相结合的方法首次合成了稀土掺杂基锂锰氧化物LiMn2-xNdxO4(x=0.005～0.1)材料,电化学性能测试结果表明材料在掺杂量为x=0.01时表现出最大放电比容量,同时具有很好的循环稳定性,经过100次循环其容量衰减仅为14.9%;XRD测试结果表明在LiMn2O4尖晶石晶格中掺入合适量的Nd对稳定尖晶石骨架结构起重要作用;FTIR分析技术揭示了容量少量衰减的原因.     

稀土掺杂锂锰氧化物LiMn2-xNdxO4(X=0.005～0.1)的结构和电性能研究

采用微波与传统加热相结合的方法首次合成了稀土掺杂基锂锰氧化物LiMn2-xNdxO4(x=0.005-0.1)材料，电化学性能测试结果表明材料在掺杂量为x=0.01时表现出最大放电比容量，同时具有很好的循环稳定性，经过100次循环其容量衰减仅为14.9%；XRD测试结果表明在LiMn2O4尖晶石晶格中掺入合适量的Nd对稳定尖晶石骨架结构起重要作用；FTIR分析技术揭示了容量少量衰减的原因。     

钛掺杂尖晶石LiMn2O4的制备及电化学性能

为解决锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的容量衰减的问题,以TiO2为掺杂体采用固相法制备了LiMn2-xTixO4,并与未掺杂的LiMn2O4进行性能比较.X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明:制备的LiMn2-xTixO4(x≤0.1)具有与LiMn2O4同样的尖晶石结构,并且颗粒形貌随钛的引入得到改善.电化学测试结果显示:钛掺杂能使LiMn2O4的循环性能提高,电化学容量衰减得到抑制.其中LiMn1.995Ti0.005O4具有较好的初始比容量和高温循环性能.     

尖晶石型LiMn2O4容量衰减因素及改性研究进展

本文论述了锂离子蓄电池正极材料尖晶石型LiMn2O4的结构、性质及容量衰减的原因.从体相掺杂、表面修饰、电解液优化、添加剂的使用及材料比表面积几个方面,对改善LiMn2O4循环及高温性能的技术或方法进行了综述.     

LiMn2O4锂离子电池正极材料结构稳定性的初步研究

用XRD、原子吸收光谱等方法研究了向尖晶石型LiMn2O4正极材料结构中引入Ni、Mg对LiMn2O4正极材料结构稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在LiMn2O4正极材料结构中引入Ni、Mg以后,其结构稳定性大大提高,但电极材料的起始容量有所下降。     

锌掺杂正极材料尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的制备及电化学性能

为改善锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的电化学循环性能,以乙酸锂、乙酸锰和乙酸锌为原料,采用固相法制备了LiMn2-xZnxO4(x=0.02、0.04、0.06),并与未掺杂的LiMn2O4进行性能比较。X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明所制备的LiMn2-xZnxO4具有与LiMn2O4同样的尖晶石结构,锌的掺入细化了尖晶石颗粒,增强了Li+在固相中的扩散能力。电化学测试结果显示锌掺杂能抑制LiMn2O4的电化学容量衰减现象,使其循环性能得到显著提高。其中LiMn1.96Zn0.04O4表现出最佳的循环性能,循环20次后放电容量可保持在106.6mAh/g。     

以Mn3O4为前驱体的LiMn2O4及其电化学性能

对传统的固相反应进行了改进,以控制结晶法合成出来的Mn3O4为前驱体,和LiOH混合煅烧,制备出锂离子电池正极活性材料尖晶石LiMn2O4。对由此方法得到的尖晶石LiMn2O4的结构和电化学性能进行了研究。通过X线光衍射和扫描电镜分析表明,该材料为纯相尖晶石LiMn2O4,不含其它杂质相,而且晶粒大小比较均匀;通过电化学性能测试表明,该尖晶石LiMn2O4具有良好的电化学性能：其首次放电比容量为128mAh/g,经过10次充放电循环后,其放电比容量仍有124mAh/g。     

尖晶石LiMn2O4的容量衰减及掺杂改性研究

分析了锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石LiMnO4在应用中容量衰减的难点,并对主要的影响因素如Mn溶解,Jahn-Teller效应,电解液的分解等,从机理上作出探讨,对尖晶石LiMn2O4的掺杂能够从改变d电子结构,缩小晶胞参数,减小从表面,改变Mn的平均氧化态等方面改变其结构,从而抑制其容量衰减,改善循环性能。     

机械活化氧化法制备锰酸锂及其性能研究

以高纯金属锰粉和碳酸锂为原料,通过机械活化氧化法合成了尖晶石LiMn2O4材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对LiMn2O4样品结构及形貌进行表征,用充放电测试和交流阻抗技术对LiMn2O4样品进行电化学性能研究。结果表明,所制备的LiMn2O4具有完整的尖晶石型结构,且颗粒形貌规整,颗粒大小均匀。所制备的LiMn2O4材料室温(25℃)在3.0~4.3V电压范围,在0.1C倍率下首次放电比容量为125.8mAh/g;2C首次放电容量为120.1mAh/g,300次循环后放电容量保持103.9mAh/g,容量保持率为86.51%。且样品具有较好的高温性能和较小的阻抗。     

Enhancing Ionic Transport and Structural Stability of Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes via Local Structure Regulation

Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LRM) have garnered considerable attention as cathode materials due to their superior performance. However, the inherent structural degradation and obstruction of ion transport during cycling lead to capacity and voltage decay, impeding their practical applications. Herein, an Sb-doped LRM material with local spinel phase is reported, which has good compatibility with the layered structure and provides 3D Li⁺ diffusion channels to accelerate Li⁺ transport. Additionally, the strong Sb-O bond enhances the stability of the layered structure. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry indicates that highly electronegative Sb doping effectively suppresses the release of oxygen in the crystal structure and mitigates successive electrolyte decomposition, thereby reducing structural degradation of the material. As a result of this dual-functional design, the 0.5 Sb-doped material with local spinel phases exhibits favorable cycling stability, retaining 81.7% capacity after 300 cycles at 1C, and an average discharge voltage of 1.87 mV per cycle, which is far superior to untreated material with retention values of 28.8% and 3.43 mV, respectively. This study systematically introduces Sb doping and regulates local spinel phases to facilitate ion transport and alleviate structural degradation of LRM, thereby suppressing capacity and voltage fading, and improving the electrochemical performance of batteries.     

Co^3＋—modified Surface of LiMn2O4 Spinel for its Improvementof Electrochemical Properties

Cobalt was used to modify the surface of spinel LiMn2O4 by a solution technique to produce Co^3 -modified surface material (COMSM). Cobalt was only doped into the surface of LiMn2O4 spinel. XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis confirms the valence state of Co^3 . COMSM has stable spinel structure and can prevent active materials from the corrosion of electrolyte. The ICP(inductively coupled plasma) determination of the spinel dissolution in electrolyte showed the content of Mn dissolved from COMSM was smaller than that from the pure spinel. AC impedance patterns show that the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) for COMSM is smaller than that for pure spinel. The particles of COMSM are bigger in size than those of pure spinel according to the micrographs of SEM(scanning electron microscopy). The determinations of the electrochemical characterization show that COMSM has both good cycling performance and high initial capacity of 124.1 mA/h at an average capacity loss of 0.19 mAh/g per cycle.     

Electrochemical Performance of Surface-Modified LiMn2O4 Prepared by a Melting Impregnation Method

The surface of as-prepared LiMn2O4 was modified with ZnO, Al2O3, CoO and LiCoO2 using a simple nitrate melting impregnation method. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） studies indicated that oxide nano- particles in the range of 10～50 nm are coated on the surface of the spinel. The surface modified samples show better capacity retention than the unmodified LiMn2O4 spinel at both room temperature and 55℃. Among these samples, the ZnO-modified LiMn2O4 shows the best combination of a high capacity and a low capacity fading rate of 0.036% per cycle at room temperature and 0.064% per cycle at 55℃. The improvement for surface modified LiMn2O4 can be attributed to the inhibition of Mn dissolution and O losses on the surface.     

Li1+xCoyMn2-x-yO4的结构及电化学性能研究

利用溶液相合成技术把钴掺入到主尖晶石相中制得掺钴尖晶石相材料。所合成的材料具有颗粒分布均匀及结晶性能好等特点。利用X射线粉末衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外分光光度计及扫描电子显微镜对所合成掺杂锂材料的结构性能进行表征。研究表明掺杂钴可提高材料的结构稳定性能，减少锰在电解液中溶解，减少锂离子在材料中迁移电阻。电化学性能测试结果表明所合成掺钴材料Li1.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4具有较好的初始容量及循环稳定性能。     

In Situ Formation of a Cathode–Electrolyte Interface with Enhanced Stability by Titanium Substitution for High Voltage Spinel Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Although LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (LNMO) high‐voltage spinel is a promising candidate for a next generation cathode material, LNMO/graphite full cells experience severe capacity fading caused by degradation reactions at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and consequent active Li⁺ loss in the cells. In this study, it is first reported that in situ formation of a Ti–O enriched cathode/electrolyte interfacial (CEI) layer on a Ti‐substituted LiNi_0.5Mn_1.2Ti_0.3O₄ (LNMTO) spinel cathode effectively mitigates electrolyte oxidation and transition metal dissolution, which improves the Coulombic efficiency and cycle life of LNMTO/graphite full cells. The Ti–O enriched CEI layer is produced in situ during an initial cycling of LNMTO as a result of selective Mn and Ni dissolution at its surface, as evidenced by various surface characterizations using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron‐based soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The Ti–O enriched CEI has an advantage over traditional LNMO powder coatings, namely the formation of conformal CEI without compromising electronic conduction pathways between cathode particles.     

锂离子二次电池正极材料氧化锰锂的研究进展

综述了最近几年对于锂离子二次电池正极材料氧化锰锂的研究。研究的氧化锰锂材料主要有尖晶石结构的ＬｉＭＮ２Ｏ４、Ｌｉ４Ｍｎ５Ｏ９和Ｌｉ４Ｍｎ５Ｏ１２以及层状结构的ＬｉＭｎＯ２。对于ＬｉＭＮ２Ｏ４,通过引入适当的杂原子和采用新的溶胶－凝胶法制备复相 可以有效地克服Ｊａｈｎ－Ｔｅｌｌｅｒ效应所造成的容量衰减现象。Ｌｉ４Ｍｎ５Ｏ９display structure     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn_2O_4制备新工艺

采用球磨湿混和旋转合成相结合的新工艺来制备锂离子电池正极材料ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４,并对制备的材料进行了粒度、化学成分以及电化学性能测试．制备的ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４为正尖晶石结构,而且物质纯净．同一批次制备的材料化学成分均匀,粉末粒度分布范围窄,中粒径为１０．６７μｍ,首次充电容量为１２４ｍＡｈ／ｇ,放电容量为１１５ｍＡｈ／ｇ．循环次数达３０次时,放电容量还大于１００ｍＡｈ／ｇ,循环稳定性良好．球磨湿混工艺能将原料混合均匀,并能有效地使原料粒度细化而且粒度均匀．旋转合成工艺能使反应物和反应产物的温度均匀、粒度均匀、晶型结构与成分均匀．球磨湿混和旋转合成相结合的固相合成新工艺能制备出电化学性能性能良好的ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的研究进展

具有尖晶石相的LiMn₂O₄因价格低、无毒、无环境污染、制备简单、研究较成熟,因此有着很好的应用前景,被看作最有可能成为新一代商用锂离子二次电池正极材料.由于LiMn₂O₄电化学循环稳定性能不好,表现在可逆容量衰减较大,尤其在高温下(>55℃)使用衰减更严重,从而限制了它的商业化应用.经过近十几年的研究,人们对其衰减机理有了比较清晰的了解,提出了造成容量衰减的几种可能原因如Jahn-Teller畸变效应、Mn²⁺在电解质中的溶解、出现稳定性较差的四方相以及电解质的分解等.通过掺杂、表面包覆、制备工艺的改进,人们已能制得循环稳定性能较好的尖晶相材料.本文结合我们研究小组的最新研究成果对锂离子二次电池正极材料LiMn₂O₄的最新研究进展进行综述和评论.     

软化学法合成正交结构LiMnO_2及其电化学性能

研究以氢氧化锂和三氧化二锰为原料,用软化学法制备具有正交结构的锂离子电池正极材料LiMnO2。用X射线衍射法确定了材料的结构,用扫描电镜考察了材料形貌和反应时间的关系,观察结果显示得到的LiMnO2的粒子尺寸在300~500nm。结合循环伏安法和交流阻抗分析研究了合成条件对材料组织结构、尺寸与电化学性能的影响。材料的电化学性能测试结果表明,合成的正交扭曲结构LiMnO2(o-LiMnO2)材料在电化学过程中初期表现了较好的电化学性能。但材料在电化学过程中逐步向尖晶石结构相LiMn2O4转变,容量产生衰减,其循环寿命有待更进一步改善。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiCrxMn2-xO4的合成及性能研究

采用Pechini法制备了尖晶石LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄正极材料,并用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、充放电测试等手段研究了其晶体结构、表观形貌和电化学性能.结果表明,该法制备的尖晶石LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄(0≤x≤0.1)正极材料为单一尖晶石结构,形貌较好,粒径分布均匀;晶胞参数随着Cr含量的增加而减小,但是Cr掺杂量对于产物的相结构和晶体形貌影响不大;Cr含量的增加使得LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄的比容量减小,但却提高了尖晶石结构的稳定性和循环性能.