窗墙比和体形系数对办公建筑能耗的影响

济南地区某公共办公建筑,其围护结构按照高效节能的设计方法进行设计。运用Dest软件对该建筑进行能耗模拟,模拟该建筑的逐时能耗,分析不同体形系数和窗墙比对建筑物能耗的影响,以及两者共同作用下的影响。通过模拟结果得出:窗墙比对夏季负荷的影响要大于对冬季的影响,冬季窗墙比越大,能耗变化率相对较小;而体形系数的不同对建筑物空调能耗的影响变化较小。     

南京地区窗户的传热系数和窗墙比对住宅能耗的影响

使用清华大学研发的建筑能耗模拟软件DeST,对南京地区某典型住宅进行动态能耗模拟,分析了不同窗户传热系数和窗墙比对住宅能耗的影响规律,得出南京地区住宅类建筑节能中的一些注意点。     

山东村镇居住建筑窗墙比的研究

以寒冷地区山东省某农村住宅建筑为案例模型,利用Dest软件模拟南北向窗墙比的变化对建筑物供暖和空调能耗的影响。结果表明:对于寒冷地区来说,南北向窗墙比的增大,都会导致供暖和空调能耗的增加。根据模拟结果,并结合农村的生活习性,建议南向窗墙比在0.5以下,北向窗墙比在0.4以下。用户也可以根据自己的需要和建筑物的节能指标,选择合适的窗墙比。     

兰州地区住宅建筑供暖能耗影响因素分析

为研究影响兰州地区住宅建筑供暖能耗的因素,在围护结构参数完全符合国家现行寒冷地区住宅建筑节能要求的前提下,以兰州市2栋住宅建筑为基准模型,运用De ST-h软件对供暖季的热负荷进行逐时模拟计算,分析窗墙比、体型系数、朝向三大因素对总供暖热负荷的影响,得到了兰州地区住宅建筑南偏西30°朝向与南偏东30°朝向、正南方向相比,总热负荷最小,但最大热负荷最大的结论,为南偏西建筑进行供热调节实现节能提供依据。南向墙面内凹的住宅建筑不宜通过面积热指标法来估算热负荷。     

温和地区窗墙比对居住建筑能耗影响分析

本文主要研究温和地区居住建筑合理的窗墙比。以昆明某居住建筑为研究对象,基于模拟软件DeST-h对建筑全年能耗进行动态模拟,研究居住建筑照明负荷和冷热负荷在不同朝向不同窗墙比时的变化规律。结果表明温和地区居住建筑南向窗墙比宜为0.5,北向窗墙比宜为0.4,东向窗墙比宜为0.5,西向窗墙比宜为0.3。采用上述窗墙比设置,有利于降低建筑能耗,对工程设计有参考价值。     

建筑形式对太阳能热利用的影响研究

以上海地区的住宅建筑为研究对象,通过模拟分析的方法,采用DeST软件计算确定建筑逐时的采暖、空调能耗,研究分析窗墙比对建筑全年采暖能耗、全年空调能耗以及全年采暖、空调总能耗的影响规律,研究分析太阳辐射热增加所导致采暖能耗的降低幅度与外围护结构保温性能两者之间的定量关系。计算结果表示在夏季外窗遮阳和夜间通风的条件下,加大南向窗墙比可增强太阳能的热利用效率,降低建筑全年的采暖、空调总能耗;而外围护结构保温性能的增强则可降低室内向室外散热的程度,相应提高对冬季太阳辐射的热利用程度,从而达到降低采暖能耗的目的。     

冷墙技术对夏热冬暖地区建筑能耗的影响研究

为了研究冷墙技术的节能效果,首先利用Sketchup软件建立了广州市住宅建筑几何模型,再利用建筑能耗模拟软件Open Studio对建筑利用冷墙技术的情况进行了模拟,最后通过分析模拟结果研究了冷墙技术对夏热冬暖地区建筑能耗的影响.结果表明,随着冷墙太阳能反射率的增加,节能量也增加.研究对于在夏热冬暖地区应用冷墙技术具有...     

内蒙古西部农牧区住宅冬季室内热环境优化研究

为提升内蒙古西部农牧区住宅的室内热环境、降低采暖能耗,选取具有代表性的生土住宅、砖混住宅和被动式住宅进行调研,并对室内外的空气温度、相对湿度等参数做的测试。通过分析数据得出,被动式住宅的室内热环境优于砖混住宅也优于生土住宅。对影响能耗的住宅朝向、南向窗墙比、北向窗墙比、透明围护结构材质、保温层厚度、非透明围护结构材质、附加阳光间进深、东向窗墙比等8个因素进行单因素优化和正交优化,计算出优选方案。研究结果可为内蒙古西部农牧区住宅冬季室内热环境的改善提供依据。     

窗墙面积比对建筑能耗的影响

在影响建筑能耗的因素中,因外窗的绝热性能最差,从而成为影响室内热环境质量和建筑能耗的主要因素之一.为实现建筑节能的目的,需要对窗墙比进行优化.本文利用清华大学开发的DeST(Designer's Simulation Toolkits)软件对西安地区一办公楼在不同窗墙面积比下的能耗做了模拟计算分析,总结出了西安地区建筑能耗随窗墙面积比的变化规律,并在此基础上给出了西安地区此类建筑的最佳窗墙面积比.     

窗墙比与外窗类型对皖南办公建筑负荷影响分析——以安庆市某办公建筑为例

基于DeST-c软件,以皖南地区安庆市某办公建筑为研究对象,模拟研究建筑窗墙比与外窗类型对建筑负荷的影响。结合采光、美观和节能等因素,采用分配权重法得到皖南地区东西向窗墙比的设置应介于0.341～0.351之间为优;北向窗墙比的设置应当介于0.406～0.416之间为优;南向窗墙比的设置应当介于0.439～0.449之间为优。结合窗墙比分析结果,研究建筑模型装配不同类型节能门窗的建筑负荷。结果表明:对于皖南地区制冷能耗,玻璃种类影响显著,装配Low-e中空玻璃的铝合金、断桥铝合金、塑钢、集成木材外窗相比于装配普通中空玻璃,其空调节能率分别提高了44.14%、76.72%、78.22%、50.00%。而窗框系统的保温性则对于采暖能耗具有重要意义。建议皖南地区使用塑钢门窗装配Low-e中空玻璃的外窗系统,当以铝合金单玻外窗系统为基准时,其采暖节能率为26.08%,空调节能率为78.22%,全年累计总负荷节约了11.21%。     

严寒地区农村住宅围护结构保温改造分析

严寒地区多数农村住宅建筑围护结构热损失严重,造成其采暖能耗增加,强化建筑围护结构的保温性是提高建筑采暖效率的方式之一。以位于严寒地区的安达市某传统农宅为研究对象,采用EnergyPlus对该住宅围护结构的保温性能进行研究,并分析了建筑能耗情况,获得了建筑墙体、玻璃、屋顶等围护结构部位采用保温后的节能效率。研究结果表明：安达地区节能效率较好的墙体和屋顶保温材料为XPS保温板、玻璃窗结构形式为6mm+12mm+6mmLow-E低辐射玻璃;传统农宅采用建筑保温材料后,其节能率可达72.0%,从而降低了农村住宅采暖能耗,并可维持室内良好的热环境。     

Energy performance of residential buildings in Singapore

Energy consumption of buildings takes up about a third of Singapore's total electricity production. In this paper, we present a pioneering study to investigate the energy performance of residential buildings. Beginning with an energy survey of households, we established the air-conditioning usage patterns and modelled residential buildings for computer simulations. An ETTV equation for residential buildings was developed. Employing this equation, we demonstrated how to achieve improved energy efficiency in residential buildings. Two types of residential buildings, namely, point block and slab block, were modelled and parametric runs performed. ETTV impacts the energy consumption of residential buildings and thus lowering the ETTV will result in reduced building heat load. Results from the developed equation showed that a unit decrease in ETTV resulted in 4% and 3.5% reduction in annual cooling energy for point block and slab block residential buildings, respectively. In addition, a set of simple energy and load estimating equations were developed using computer simulation and local climatic data. These equations provided a means of estimating the annual cooling energy consumption of residential buildings in Singapore.     

Energy savings of office buildings by the use of semi-transparent solar cells for windows

The study investigated a PV window that consists of a double glazed window with semi-transparent solar cells. The window provides natural light transmission as well as electricity production. The effect of the PV window on energy consumption of office buildings was analyzed in terms of heating and cooling loads, daylighting, and electricity production. The purposes of the study were to find the optimum solar cell transmittance and window to wall ratio (WWR), and to estimate energy savings of the building. A standard floor of an office building was modeled to run computer simulation, and annual energy simulation was performed with EnergyPlus. The results showed that the solar cell transmittance of 40% and WWR of 50% achieved the minimum electricity consumption in the building when artificial lighting was controlled with daylighting. The optimum solar cell transmittance for PV windows in different orientation was also presented. By using the optimum PV window, the electricity consumption was reduced by 55% compared to the single glazed window with WWR of 30% and no lighting control.     

Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.     

Reassessment of fenestration characteristics for residential buildings in hot climates: energy and economic analysis

This paper attempts to resolve the reported contradiction in the literature about the characteristics of high-performance/cost-effective fenestration of residential buildings, particularly in hot climates. The considered issues are the window glazing property (ten commercial glazing types), facade orientation (four main orientations), window-to-wall ratio (WWR) (0.2–0.8), and solar shading overhangs and side-fins (nine shading conditions). The results of the simulated runs reveal that the glazing quality has a superior effect over the other fenestration parameters and controls their effect on the energy consumption of residential buildings. Thus, using low-performance windows on buildings yields larger effects of WWR, facade orientation, and solar shading than high-performance windows. As the WWR increases from 0.2 to 0.8, the building energy consumption using the low-performance window increases 6.46 times than that using the high-performance window. The best facade orientation is changed from north to south according to the glazing properties. In addition, the solar shading need is correlated as a function of a window-glazing property and WWR. The cost analysis shows that the high-performance windows without solar shading are cost-effective as they have the largest net present cost compared to low-performance windows with or without solar shading. Accordingly, replacing low-performance windows with high-performance ones, in an existing residential building, saves about 12.7 MWh of electricity and 11.05 tons of CO₂ annually.     

北京市住宅小区建筑全年能耗分析

通过对北京市某住宅小区全年能耗,按不同能源种类进行分项统计分析,研究了住宅建筑全年的能耗构成,为全面掌握北京市住宅建筑全年能耗、探讨北京市住宅建筑的节能潜力与节能途径,提供参考和数据基础.     

城市住宅结构及耗能设备节能潜力的调查分析

于2007年9月对中国七个典型城市住宅的住宅结构、主要耗能设备、生活方式、舒适性及空气品质和能源使用情况等方面进行了详细的问卷调查,本文分析了住宅结构和主要耗能设备两方面的情况,从而得知户型过大,围护结构保温性能差,住户节能意识不高等已成为实现我国建筑节能必须解决的问题。