Bactericidal paper impregnated with silver nanoparticles for point-of-use water treatment

There is an urgent need for cheap point-of-use methods to purify drinking water. We describe a method to deactivate pathogenic bacteria by percolation through a paper sheet containing silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles are deposited by the in situ reduction of silver nitrate on the cellulose fibers of an absorbent blotting paper sheet. The aim is to achieve inactivation of bacteria during percolation through the sheet, rather than removal of bacteria from the effluent by filtration. The silver-nanoparticle containing (AgNP) papers were tested for performance in the laboratory with respect to bacteria inactivation and silver leaching as suspensions of bacteria percolated through the paper. The AgNP sheets exhibited antibacterial properties toward suspensions of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, with log reduction values in the effluent of over log 6 and log 3, respectively. The silver loss from the AgNP sheets was minimal, with values under 0.1 ppm (the current US EPA and WHO limit for silver in drinking water). These results show promise that percolation of bacterially contaminated water through paper embedded with silver nanoparticles could be an effective emergency water treatment.     

叠片式过滤器在水刺工艺水处理上的应用

介绍了叠片式过滤器的结构、工作原理、技术特点和应用效果。通过实际生产的应用数据对比,说明叠片式过滤器应用于水刺生产线中的水处理系统时具有高效、节能、投资少和运行成本低等优点。     

高效压滤机处理造纸白水初探

论述了采用高效压滤机处理造纸机白水的实用技术。介绍了高效压滤机的构造、工作原理、处理工艺流程及工艺操作要点,并通过工程实例对几种不同处理方法的处理成本及处理后白水的回用品质进行了对比分析。     

净水器过滤纸的研制

采用木质活性炭为主要原料,利用植物纤维提供网状结构,再添加涤纶纤维来改善纸页的过滤性能,制备了可以满足过滤要求的净水器专用活性炭过滤纸。研究成果如下:确定了抄造活性炭过滤纸的各项工艺条件,各组分的比例参数(按绝干量计)活性炭48%;针叶木浆42.6%;涤纶纤维9.4%;CPAM0.08%;AKD0.2%;PAE0.7%。对自制的活性炭过滤纸按最优工艺条件抄造后,检测其技术指标,其抗张指数为14.25N.m/g,湿抗张指数为5.65N.m/g,Cobb值正反面分别为28.9g/m2和15.5g/m2,过滤速度为32.15ml/(m2.s),滤前余氯量≥0.5mg/L,CODCr值≥16mg/L,滤后余氯量≤0.05mg/L,滤后CODCr值≤7.4mg/L,使用寿命为15天。     

圆盘过滤机用于白水回收的运行实践

本文介绍了圆盘过滤机用于纸机白水回收的运行参数及使用实践，表明该设备是纸机白水回收的理想设备。     

Comparison of byproduct formation in waters treated with chlorine and iodine: relevance to point-of-use treatment

Due to their efficacy in deactivating a range of microbial pathogens, particularly amoebic cysts, iodine-based disinfectants have been a popular option for point-of-use (POU) drinking water disinfection by campers, the military, and rural consumers in developing countries. Recently, concerns regarding the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) have arisen during chloramine disinfection of iodide-containing waters in the developed world; similar concerns should pertain to iodine-based POU disinfection. Because there are alternative POU disinfection techniques, including chlorine-based disinfectants, this paper compared disinfection byproduct formation from a range of iodine-based disinfectants at their recommended dosages to chlorination and chloramination under overdosing conditions. Just as chloroform was the predominant trihalomethane (THM) forme during chlorination or chloramination, iodoform was the predominant THM formed during iodination. Conditions fostering THM formation were similar between these treatments, except that THM formation during chlorination increased with pH, while it was slightly elevated at circumneutral pH during iodination. Iodoform formation during treatment with iodine tincture was higher than during treatment with iodine tablets. On a molar basis, iodoform formation during treatment with iodine tincture was 20-60% of the formation of chloroform during chlorination, and total organic iodine (TOI) formation was twice that of total organic chlorine (TOCl), despite the 6-fold higher oxidant dose during chlorination. Based upon previous measurements of chronic mammalian cell cytotoxicity for the individual THMs, consumers of two waters treated with iodine tincture would receive the same THM-associated cytotoxic exposure in 4-19 days as a consumer of the same waters treated with a 6-fold higher dose of chlorine over 1 year. Iodoacetic acid, diiodoacetic acid, and other iodo-acids were also formed with iodine tincture treatment, but at levels <11% of iodoform. However, testing of a Lifestraw Personal POU device, which combines an iodinated anion exchange resin with activated carbon post-treatment, indicated minimal formation of I-DBPs and no iodine residual. Although N-nitrosamines have been associated with oxidant contact with anion exchange resins, N-nitrosamine formation rapidly declined to low levels (4 ng/L) using the Lifestraw device after the first few flushes of water.     

Hycofil--新型的过滤袋材料

介绍了一种新型过滤袋材料——Hycofil。描述了Hycofil的特性和过滤效率的测试。作为众所周知的针刺工艺的替代工艺,射流缠结工艺可用来生产新型Hycofil过滤介质。与针刺非织造布相比,Hycofil的用量可减少三分之一。Hycofil的潜在应用是对垃圾焚化、木材燃烧和水泥生产中产生的粉尘散发物的控制。     

无机陶瓷膜处理的碱炼废水用于大豆油酶法脱胶

采用无机陶瓷膜过滤技术处理食用油脂加工的废水,并将处理后废水应用于油脂脱胶工艺中,通过单因素试验及正交试验确定油脂废水酶法脱胶的最优工艺条件:陶瓷膜处理后的碱炼水洗废水添加量2%,加酶量30 mg/kg,温度45℃,时间4 h,搅拌速度100 r/min。在最优工艺条件下进行脱胶试验,测定脱胶油中的磷含量为4.15 mg/kg,同时在表压300 kPa条件下,采用陶瓷膜处理后的碱炼水洗废水脱胶,加工大豆油可节省蒸汽消耗0.016吨/吨油。     

大型纸机通过多圆盘过滤机回收白水

多圆盘过滤机能有效地降低浆、纸产品的水耗,不但可以回收白水中纤维、填料,而且还可以实现白水循环利用,多余的白水可以送至制浆公司,达到降低浆、纸产品清水消耗的目的。     

150m2压滤机的洗水问题

我公司清净工艺为冷主灰热反应的双碳法工艺流程。一碳汁用6台150m^2压滤机过滤，二碳汁用7台90m^2GP增稠器过滤，即全汁过滤流程。150m^2压滤机由吉林市第一机械厂生产，机头压紧压力为11Mpa，糖汁工作压力0．4-0．6Mpa，滤饼厚度为35mm。此压滤机具有密封严密、滤液清澈、滤泥干、节省滤布等优点。但在生产中也出现了一些问题，其中首要问题就是洗水阻力大、洗水时间长。     

自2011年7月1日起,废水排放指标更加严格:废水深度处理迫在眉睫

国家环境保护部2008年6月25日颁布的《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准(GB3544-2008)》,分两阶段执行,第一阶段为2009年5月1日至2011年6月30日,执行过渡性的水污染物排放浓度限值(见表1);第二阶段自2011年7月1日起,执行较严格的排放浓度限值(见表2);     

HGJ黑液过滤机的使用及其节能降耗效果

采用不同工艺和设备提取的蒸煮黑液中,均含有少量纤维和各种无机物杂质,是造成蒸发过程结垢堵管的主要原因之一,直接影响碱回收的蒸发效率.本文介绍新型HGJ压力式黑液过滤机的使用性能、应用效果以及时碱回收节能降耗的作用.     

印染废水的陶瓷膜深度处理及回用

利用无机陶瓷膜价格低、耐高温、化学稳定性好和使用寿命长等优点,将其用于针织印染废水深度处理.经全棉针织印染废水处理工程的实践证实,无机陶瓷膜在印染废水深度处理及回用中的效果较好,废水在达标排放的同时,回用率可达40%.回用水主要用于漂洗,生产的产品质量能满足要求.     

大直径滤用聚合物单丝的热处理

将大直径聚丙烯(PP)、聚己内酰胺(PA6)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)单丝进行热处理,测试纤维的拉伸强度及勾结强度.数据表明:PP纤维的强损温度为120～130℃,PA6纤维的强损温度在150℃左右,PET纤维的强损温度为160～170℃,而PPS纤维的强损温度为220～230℃.因此PPS单...