水环境下剑麻纤维/玻璃纤维/聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究

以聚丙烯树脂(PP)为基体,剑麻纤维(SF)、玻璃纤维(GF)为增强材料。采用熔融共混、模压成型工艺制备PP/SF/GF复合材料。室温条件下,将试样在水中浸泡不同时间,分析其吸水率及性能的变化。结果表明,复合材料的吸水率均随浸泡时间的延长和SF/GF含量的增加而逐渐增加,其冲击强度和弯曲强度均随浸泡时间和SF/GF含量的增加呈下降趋势。同时,复合材料的热稳定性、PP相的结晶速率及结晶度也有所降低。     

高压静电场对玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料预浸料浸渍和断裂的影响

采用熔融浸渍工艺生产连续纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料,纤维预分散至关重要。结合现有机械分散装置,根据纤维束在高压静电场受静电场力的原理,设计并引入高压静电场分丝装置,对纤维束进行二次分散。结果显示,经过高压静电场分丝,促进了纤维束分散和纤维单丝之间的均匀性,改善了连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯（GF/PP）复合材料预浸料纤维和聚合物表面结合,降低了纤维分丝过程中的磨损和断裂,使通过此法制得的GF/PP复合材料预浸料的力学性能得到显著提升。实验表明,当静电场上下极板之间距离为20 cm、高压静电场电压30 kV时,GF/PP复合材料预浸料力学性能最优。     

相容剂对长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

采用熔体浸渍工艺制备长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料;以苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)作为相容剂,热塑性弹性体聚氨酯作为增韧剂,聚乳酸为基体树脂,考察苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量对长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,加入苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能改善长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的相容性;长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和模量等力学性能及储能模量随着苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,而长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的损耗因子则随苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯含量的增加呈现降低后增加的趋势;通过复合材料的形态分析表明,加入相容剂的复合材料中玻璃纤维与基体树脂界面强度增加,且玻璃纤维表面有一层包覆的树脂基体;通过分析得出,当相容剂添加量为6%时,长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量、缺口冲击强度等力学性能最优。     

GF/PCBT复合材料熔融连接接头失效分析的实验研究与数值模拟

为了解决高黏度热塑性树脂难以制备高强度、大尺寸纤维增强热塑性复合材料构件的问题,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺与热压工艺相结合的方法,以环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)在催化剂作用下聚合成的聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)为基体,制备了纤维体积分数达70%的连续玻璃纤维(GF)/PCBT复合材料层合板及熔融连接件,并测得其力学参数。采用数值模拟方法对连接界面层数分别为1、2、3层的A、B、C型3种不同方案的GF/PCBT复合材料熔融连接接头的承载能力和失效模式进行了预测。结果表明:不同的结构设计方案对GF/PCBT复合材料接头性能的影响较大,当连接长度在一定范围内时,接头区域主要发生界面分层失效,接头处复合材料的翘曲为界面裂纹加速扩展的主要因素,C型连接方式的接头结构承载能力相比于A型连接方式有明显提高;增加C型接头连接长度,试件承载能力提高,直至接头处界面分层失效和纤维、基体失效同时发生;继续增加连接长度,纤维与基体失效将成为接头区域的主要失效模式,此时承载能力无明显提升。     

湿热老化对玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能的影响

为研究玻璃纤维(GF)/环氧树脂复合材料湿热老化机制, 首先, 利用称重法、动态热机械分析仪(DMA)、SEM和矢量网络介电分析仪研究了湿热老化对GF/环氧树脂608(EP608)复合材料性能的影响;然后, 分析了复合材料的吸湿率、力学性能、介电性能与老化时间的关系, 并对其老化机制进行了探讨。结果表明:随老化时间延长, GF/EP608复合材料的力学性能和介电性能均有不同程度的下降;湿热老化对GF/EP608复合材料吸湿率的影响符合Fickian扩散定律;树脂基体的塑化、水解和基体-纤维界面的破坏是造成GF/EP608复合材料力学性能和介电性能下降的主要因素。所得结论可为GF增强环氧树脂基复合材料的应用提供科学依据。      

连续玻璃纤维/聚丙烯热塑性复合材料拉挤成型中的工艺参数

采用复合纱拉挤方法制备连续玻璃纤维/聚丙烯(GF/PP)热塑性复合材料,研究了复合纱拉挤成型过程中模具温度及拉挤速度对GF/PP复合材料截面中心温度的影响。以傅里叶定律为理论基础,分析了拉挤过程中模腔内的瞬态传热过程;建立了工艺参数矩阵,通过有限元数值计算,预测了不同模具温度、拉挤速度下GF/PP复合材料截面中心的温度变化,优选了工艺参数组合。通过实验制备不同温度、不同拉挤速度的GF/PP复合材料,并进行弯曲模量测试及截面形貌观察。结果表明:在GF/PP复合纱拉挤过程中,拉挤速度不宜超过350 mm/min,模具熔融区温度设定应高于180℃;GF/PP复合材料在150℃-230℃-50℃成型温度、100 mm/min拉挤速度的工艺参数设定下获得最优的制品力学性能;在设定拉挤参数时,拉挤速度相较于熔融区温度更重要。      

电子束辐射对玻纤/尼龙6复合材料性能的影响

利用电子束对30wt%玻璃纤维(GF)/尼龙6(PA6)复合材料进行辐射交联改性,研究了敏化剂的用量、辐射剂量等对GF/PA6复合材料的结构、力学性能、吸水性能以及热稳定性的影响,并通过SEM对复合材料的交联结构及燃烧后形成的炭层进行了观察。结果表明:当三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)含量为1wt%、辐照剂量为50kGy时,GF/PA6的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、常温及低温冲击强度分别提高了15.7%、43.2%、18.7%和17.3%;随着辐照剂量的增加,GF/PA6复合材料的交联密度不断增大;GF/PA6复合材料燃烧后会形成致密炭层,可以有效地减缓乃至消除尼龙6燃烧时形成的熔滴。     

TLCP/GF/PP复合材料中纤维的主承载与微纤的作用

本文对热致液晶聚合物（TLCP）／玻璃纤维（GF）／聚丙烯（PP）原位混杂复合材料的形态结构，破坏过程，力学性能进行了研究，显微镜的观察结果表明，TLCP的加入使得加工过程中玻纤的破断减弱，TLCP／GF／PP原位混合复合材料中GF的平均长度是GF／PP复合材料的2．36倍。这使其主承载作用更显著，使用带拉伸实验台的扫描电镜观察到了TLCP微纤或微球对微裂纹扩展的阻滞及延缓作用。TLCP／GF／PP（5／15／85）样品拉伸强度度及断裂伸长度分别比GF／PP（15／85）样品提高了22．6％和321％，PP-g-MAH的加入使得原位混杂复合材料的拉伸强度进一步得到提高。     

连续纤维增强PPESK树脂基复合材料的界面性能

用SEM观察了复合材料的微观断面结构,用横向拉伸强度和层间剪切强度表征玻璃纤维(GF)、T700碳纤维(CF)、芳纶纤维(F-12)增强PPESK树脂基复合材料的界面性能,研究了界面性能对三种复合材料耐湿热性能的影响.结果表明,T700/PPESK和F-12/PPESK复合材料的界面粘接性能均优于GF/PPESK复合体系.三种纤维复合材料的破坏机理不同:玻璃纤维发生纤维与树脂的界面脱粘破坏,碳纤维复合材料在破坏时,树脂与纤维并没有完全脱粘,破坏发生在树脂内;而芳纶纤维复合材料的破坏总伴随着纤维本身横向的撕裂破坏.三种复合材料体系均具有较低的吸湿率和良好的耐湿热性能,T700/PPESK复合材料在湿热条件下的性能保持率最高.     

GF对SPTW/PP电商包装复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究玻璃纤维(GF)对聚丙烯(PP)/六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW)复合材料力学性能的影响。方法首先选用硅烷偶联剂KH550对六钛酸钾晶须进行改性,采用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)作为相容剂,通过在PP/SPTW复合材料中引入不同质量分数的玻璃纤维(GF),利用熔融共混法制得一系列PP/SPTW/GF复合材料。采用SEM观察冲击断面结构和XRD观察复合材料晶型结构,并比较引入不同质量分数的GF后PP/SPTW复合材料力学性能的变化。结果当复合材料中GF质量分数为5%时,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度达到最佳,分别提升了18.38%,16.31%,20.24%;当复合材料中GF质量分数大于5%时,复材料的力学性能开始下降。结论在复合材料中引入GF后,能够明显改善复合材料的力学性能,且随着GF质量分数的逐渐增加,复合材料的力学性能整体呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。     

Effect of reinforced fiber length on the joint performance of thermoplastic leaf spring

Joint strength plays a significant role in the performance of leaf spring suspension system. Current work reported the influence of reinforced fiber length on the performance of injection molded thermoplastic leaf spring joint. Leaf springs were molded using 20% short, long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene as well as unreinforced polypropylene and evaluated for the joint strength. Servo hydraulic test facility with suitable fixture is utilized to evaluate the leaf spring joint performance under static and dynamic conditions. Test joints were subjected to completely reversed fatigue loads, wherein long fiber reinforced leaf spring joint exhibited superior performance at high cycle fatigue conditions than that of short fiber reinforced and unreinforced polypropylene leaf spring joints. However, at low cycle fatigue loading conditions, unreinforced and short glass fiber reinforced leaf spring exhibited superior performance than that of long glass fiber reinforced leaf spring joint. High notch sensitivity characteristics of the long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene material contributed to this inferior performance. Load–deflection hysteresis plot of the long glass fiber reinforced leaf spring joint under fatigue loading conditions exhibited a lesser amount of hole elongation compared to that of short glass fiber and unreinforced leaf spring joint. Failure morphology of tested joint under fatigue condition exhibited net-tension and shear-out failures besides bearing damages.     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的应变率敏感特性

采用层合热压实验法将玻璃纤维基毡与聚丙烯薄膜复合制成不同玻纤含量的玻纤增强聚丙烯(GF/PP)复合板材,在不同的加载速率下进行拉伸测试,研究GF/PP复合材料的应变率敏感特性,分析Burgers模型对该材料本构关系拟合预测的可行性。结果表明:GF/PP复合材料在低应变率范围内对应变率是敏感的,随应变率的增加,其断裂应力和抗拉强度增大;随玻璃纤维含量的增加,其所对应的应变率效应反而有所下降。同时,Burgers模型能够有效地拟合预测出该材料的拉伸应力-应变曲线,与实验曲线相比,进一步验证了GF/PP复合材料的应变率敏感特性及其变化趋势。     

Formation of novel thermoplastic composites using bicomponent nonwovens as a precursor

This study focuses on a novel technique to produce thermoplastic composites directly from bicomponent nonwovens without using any resins or binders. Conceptually, the structure of the bicomponent fibers making up these nonwovens already mimics the fiber–matrix structure of fiber reinforced composites. Using this approach, we successfully produced isotropic thermoplastic composites with polymer combinations of polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene (PET/PE), polyamide-6/polyethylene (PA6/PE), polyamide-6/polypropylene (PA6/PP), and PP/PE. The effects of processing temperature, fiber volume fraction, and thickness of the preform on the formation and structure of the nonwoven composites were discussed. Processing temperatures of 130 and 165 °C for PE and PP matrices, respectively, resulted in intact composite structures with fewer defects, for fiber volume fraction values of up to 51%. Moreover, an insight into the changes on the fine structure of the bicomponent fibers after processing was provided to better explain the mechanics behind the process. It is hypothesized that the composite fabrication process can result in annealing and increases the degree of crystallinity and melting temperature of polymers by thickening lamellae and/or removing imperfections. One of the other outcomes of this study is to establish what combination of mechanical properties (tensile and impact) nonwoven composites can offer. Our results showed that compared to glass mat reinforced thermoplastic composites, these novel isotropic nonwoven composites offer high specific strength (97 MPa/g cm⁻³ for PA6/PE), very high strain to failure (152% for PP/PE), and superior impact strength (147 kJ/m² for PA6/PP) which can be desirable in many critical applications.     

弹道防护用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料的拉伸力学行为

以弹道防护用超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene,UHMWPE)纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料作为研究对象,通过热压工艺制备单向正交结构的复合材料层压板。基于自主设计的拉伸试验装置,开展UHMWPE纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料在宏观尺度和准细观尺度上的面内拉伸试验,研究其面内拉伸力学性能及失效模式。研究结果显示：弹道防护用UHMWPE纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料在准细观尺度上的面内拉伸力学性能是其本征性能;随着偏轴角度的增加,拉伸断裂强度呈现指数型下降,这是由于失效模式由纤维的拉伸断裂破坏转变为纤维-树脂基体的界面破坏;此外,其在宏观尺度上的拉伸破坏强度比在准细观尺度上的拉伸断裂强度降低了50.52%,这是由于宏观尺度上的面内拉伸力学响应是其面内拉伸变形和层间分层破坏的耦合结果,即层压板的叠层效应。     

Suppression of initial failure at tapered end-closure sandwich panel joint by taper angle change

To examine the configuration of CFRP face plates/foamed plastic core sandwich panel joints, a tapered end-closure-type joint is selected and studied. In this type of joint, the sandwich panel is tapered to form a solid laminate comprising two face plates near the joint, and the two panels to be joined are mechanically fastened at the solid laminate with a splice plate. This type of joint may be suitable for aircraft panels because a flat surface can be obtained at the joint, which is advantageous from an aerodynamic viewpoint. However, in a previous study on such a joint, it was found that a delamination crack initiated from the tapered core end and propagated through the interface between the two face plates as an initial failure mode at a much lower tensile load than the final failure load in a tensile strength test. In this study, the angle of the tapered panel was focused on and the effect of changing the taper angle on suppressing the initial failure was investigated through experiments and numerical analysis. It was found that a smaller taper angle is more effective for suppressing the initial failure.     

玻璃纤维/大麻纤维增强聚丙烯混杂复合材料的力学性能和断裂特征(英文)

目前在土木工程,建筑,汽车等领域里使用的复合材料中,玻璃纤维是用量最大的增强材料。由于保护地球环境的呼声日趋高涨,天然纤维被期待着代替源于石油而且再利用困难的玻璃纤维,成为绿色复合材料的必要材料之一。本文通过注射成型工艺制作了玻璃短纤维,大麻短纤维以及混杂型纤维增强复合材料,并在拉伸实验中应用两种不同频率的声发射技术检测了拉伸断裂特性。实验发现,随着大麻纤维的加入和混杂复合材料绿色度的增加,复合材料的拉伸弹性模量随之线性增大,而拉伸强度基本保持不变。当大麻纤维的含量超过20wt%的时候,拉伸强度开始降低。在不同频率的声发射实验中,混杂型复合材料的声发射事件的产生都比单一纤维增强型复合材料要来的晚,也就是说,纤维的混杂有助于推迟微裂纹的产生。     

玻纤含量对玻纤增强聚丙烯拉伸性能的影响

采用不同玻纤含量的标准拉伸试样,应用试验方法,通过玻纤含量对玻纤增强PP复合材料的拉伸性能进行比较,找出了实现最佳抗拉强度的玻纤含量。     

Halbzeugoptimierung und Anwendungen von Thermoplastwickelverbunden

Optimation of semi-finished products and application of thermoplastic filament winding With an experimental, PC-controlled filament winding device (for thermoplastic materials) unidirectional semi-finished products (commingled yarns) are manufactured into long-fiber reinforced composites. The aim is to optimize this technology through the parameters of the hybrid yarns used. As reinforcing materials glass and carbon fibers and as matrix materials PA6 and PP are used. The influence of (glass fiber) size, glass fiber content, yarn type, structure and thickness of the hybrid yarn, as well as the type of reinforcing fibers are determined in the ring tensile test and the interlaminar shear test. The structure of the composite was investigated by REM, GPC, DSC and WAXS. Examples of a successful combination of long-fiber reinforced filament wound structures and the injection moulding technology are available.