无机盐对短链菊粉凝胶性能影响的研究

目的研究无机盐对短链菊粉凝胶指数和保水性的影响,为其实际应用提供理论指导。方法添加不同量的NaCl和CaCl2,测定短链菊粉水溶液凝胶体系的凝胶指数和保水性的变化规律。结果当无机盐添加量一定时,短链菊粉含量越高越有利于凝胶的形成;当菊粉添加量一定时,随无机盐添加量的增加,菊粉的凝胶指数和保水性都呈先增大后减小的趋势,NaCl和CaCl2的添加量分别在4%和5%时达最大值,此时凝胶指数分别为86.68%和94.58%,保水性分别为200.14%和274.86%;在无机盐的添加量相同时,CaCl2对菊粉凝胶性能的影响比NaCl更显著;当菊粉添加量为35%时差异最显著,添加1%CaCl2的凝胶指数和保水性分别比1%NaCl高11.24%和42.85%。结论无机盐能促进短链菊粉凝胶的形成,增加菊粉凝胶的凝胶指数和保水性,CaCl2比NaCl的这种作用更明显。     

菊粉加工性质的研究

本文对菊粉在水中的溶解度、酸性条件下的稳定性、其水溶液黏度和形成凝胶条件、持水力等方面进行了研究。试验发现，室温下菊粉在水中的溶解度很小（21℃溶解度为3．23％），随着温度的升高，其溶解度显著增大，在90℃时达37．62％；pH值在4～7范围内。菊粉基本不水解，当pH值〈4时，菊粉发生水解，其水解度随温度的升高而增大：菊粉水溶液的黏度随其含量的升高而逐渐增加，当菊粉含量为35％、温度为90℃，其溶液开始形成凝胶：在室温下菊粉的持水力为181．8％．     

菊粉在乙醇溶液中成胶行为规律的研究

为探索菊粉在乙醇溶液中成胶行为及凝胶质构变化规律,采用加热/冷藏的方法制配制菊粉凝胶,考察质量分数35%、45%和55%的菊粉溶液在体积分数0-40%乙醇溶液中的成胶行为,利用质构仪分析不同条件下凝胶的质构特性。试验发现随菊粉质量分数的增加其在乙醇溶液中的成胶能力增强;乙醇体积分数对菊粉成胶能力影响显著,当乙醇体积分数低于30%时,随着其体积分数的增加菊粉的成胶能力和持水性显著提高;当乙醇体积分数高于30%时,随着其体积分数的提高菊粉的成胶能力和持水性呈下降的趋势。质构仪分析表明,增加菊粉含量可显著提高凝胶的质构特性,而乙醇对凝胶质构有双向作用,随乙醇体积分数的增加,凝胶质构特性呈现先增大后减少的趋势,对硬度、强度、黏附力及黏着性的影响拐点为20%,而对凝聚性和咀嚼性的影响拐点为10%。     

糖基化卵清蛋白的凝胶性与凝胶稳定性

以卵清蛋白为对照,以糖基化卵清蛋白为研究对象,研究二者所成凝胶在贮藏期间质构、持水性以及微观结构的变化。结果表明:糖基化卵清蛋白的凝胶硬度、弹性、凝聚性与持水性比卵清蛋白高146%、7%、24%和61%。4℃条件下贮藏180d时,糖基化卵清蛋白的凝胶硬度与凝聚性均降低2%,凝胶弹性与持水性增加1.3%、0.6%,卵清蛋白的凝胶硬度降低9%,凝胶弹性、凝聚性与持水性增加0.6%、3%和5.2%。在500倍扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下观察,糖基化卵清蛋白所成凝胶的结构较紧密、均匀,且随贮藏时间的延长无明显变化,而卵清蛋白所成凝胶的间隙较大,随贮藏时间的延长其空间结构变得更加疏松。研究结果证明,糖基化可以明显提高卵清蛋白的凝胶性与凝胶稳定性。     

菊粉对鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

提取鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白,通过不同温度热诱导条件研究不同浓度菊粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶的硬度、弹性、持水性和色差的影响,目的是提高鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性。并且在肌原纤维蛋白中添加NaCl、CaCl2和Na4P2O7,研究三种盐对凝胶特性的影响。结果表明:在80℃加热条件下菊粉添加量为1%,肌原纤维蛋白凝胶的硬度和弹性最大;凝胶的持水性随着菊粉浓度增加先下降后升高;凝胶的白度随着菊粉的浓度增大而降低。添加1%菊粉条件下,同时添加不同浓度的NaCl、CaCl2和Na4P2O7表明,这几种盐均会使肌原纤维蛋白凝胶硬度和弹性显著降低。添加NaCl、CaCl2会降低肌原纤维蛋白的凝胶持水性,但添加Na4P2O7能够获得最大的凝胶持水性;添加CaCl2获得的凝胶白度最大。总之,菊粉添加量、加热温度和盐类会对鲤鱼肌原纤维的凝胶特性产生显著的影响。      

影响猪血浆蛋白热诱导凝胶质构特性及持水性因素的研究

本实验研究在一定的加热条件下猪血浆蛋白质量浓度、加热温度、加热时间、离子种类、离子强度和pH 值对猪血浆蛋白热诱导凝胶的质构、持水性等性质的影响。利用质构仪测定猪血浆蛋白热诱导凝胶的硬度和黏附性,利用离心的方法测定凝胶的持水性。结果表明,在80℃下加热45min,猪血浆蛋白质量浓度超过6g/100mL可以形成凝胶,并且随蛋白质量浓度的增大,凝胶强度和持水性也增大;凝胶强度随pH 值(3～9)增加而增大,pH5 时凝胶的持水性最小,pH3 时最大;NaCl 浓度0.2mol/L,CaCl2 浓度0.6mol/L 时,凝胶硬度最大。实验得出,猪血浆蛋白热诱导凝胶的质构特性及持水性受许多因素影响,在实际生产中应该控制加热条件,以获得高质量的凝胶。     

超高压处理对豆浆凝胶特性的影响

豆浆在２００～５００ＭＰａ超高压处理后,葡萄糖酸内酯点浆后加热时开始出现凝结的时间变迟,所形成的豆腐持水性升高、质地细腻,形成豆腐后的豆清中氮的含量降低,豆腐的得率提高。超高压的作用使得豆浆中蛋白质发生解聚和伸展,暴露了内部的－ＳＨ基团并促进二硫键的形成或交换,有利于豆浆形成豆腐。压力所导致的凝胶效果随压力的增大而增加,当压力≥３００ＭＰａ时即可使点浆后的豆浆形成质地细腻,持水性良好的豆腐凝胶。２００ＭＰａ超高压处理对豆腐的影响不大,但４００ＭＰａ超高压处理后,豆腐略有收缩并析水,豆腐的持水性下降、硬度略有增加。     

超声处理对谷氨酰胺转氨酶诱导的大豆分离蛋白凝胶冻融稳定性的影响

目的:研究超声处理对谷氨酰胺转氨酶(glutamine transaminase,TG)诱导的大豆分离蛋白凝胶冻融稳定性的影响。方法:采用粒径、表面疏水性分析以及内源性荧光光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱等分析大豆分离蛋白结构,同时研究了冻融循环过程中TG诱导大豆分离蛋白凝胶的持水性、质构、微观结构及可溶性蛋白含量变化。结果:未经超声处理的TG诱导大豆分离蛋白凝胶,随着冻融次数增加,凝胶持水性和可溶蛋白含量呈降低趋势,凝胶硬度和弹性呈增大趋势,凝胶微观结构呈明显的蜂窝状,说明凝胶品质发生劣变;经过超声处理的TG诱导大豆分离蛋白凝胶与未经超声处理凝胶相比,持水性、硬度和弹性都显著增加,且凝胶微观结构更加均匀致密,经冻融循环后,其凝胶持水性、硬度、弹性和可溶性蛋白含量变化幅度显著小于未经超声处理凝胶,5次冻融循环后,当超声时间为40 min时,TG诱导大豆分离蛋白凝胶的持水性和可溶性蛋白含量较0次冻融循环时分别降低了38.59%和3.65%,硬度和弹性分别增加了510.23 g和0.07 mm。说明超声处理是提高TG诱导的大豆分离蛋白凝胶冻融稳定性的有效方法。     

盐添加量和热处理对内酯鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

采用葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)诱导鲢鱼糜形成凝胶,考察了食盐添加量和热处理对内酯鱼糜凝胶品质的影响。结果表明,食盐添加量对内酯鱼糜凝胶的持水性和质构特性具有显著影响,鱼糜凝胶的失水率和蒸煮损失均随盐含量的增加而显著降低,凝胶强度和弹性在0.5%～2%的食盐添加范围内随盐添加量的增加而提高,当食盐添加量为1.5%～2%时,内酯鱼糜凝胶强度和弹性显著提高。随食盐添加量的增加,鱼糜凝胶的白度略有下降。蒸煮处理导致内酯鱼糜破断强度和硬度显著增加,弹性略有下降。      

乳清蛋白-茁霉多糖交联凝胶特性的表征

以乳清蛋白和茁霉多糖为原料,分析不同p H值、茁霉多糖添加量对乳清蛋白-茁霉多糖凝胶的微观结构、持水性、质构特性的影响。结果表明,随着茁霉多糖含量的增加,凝胶硬度、稠度、内聚性、黏滞指数逐渐增加,随着p H增大,凝胶的硬度、稠度、内聚性、黏滞指数呈现下降。10%乳清蛋白溶液,茁霉多糖添加量为8%时,变性温度80℃,变性时间20 min,微观结构最好,单独乳清蛋白热凝胶和茁霉多糖凝胶没有形成规则的微观结构。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press