马蔺籽油的索氏提取工艺、成分分析及抗氧化活性研究

以石油醚为提取溶剂,选取提取时间、提取温度、料液比作为考察因素,在单因素实验的基础上,以马蔺籽油得率为响应值,进行响应面优化实验以确定马蔺籽油最佳提取工艺条件。对马蔺籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成及不皂化物成分进行分析,同时研究了马蔺籽油的抗氧化活性。结果表明,马蔺籽油索氏提取最佳工艺条件为提取时间6 h、提取温度70 ℃、料液比1∶ 26。在最佳条件下,马蔺籽油得率达到11.20%。马蔺籽油在265 nm处的吸光度为4.667,呈现黄色透明状。马蔺籽油不皂化物含量1.37%,皂化值(KOH)185.2 mg/g,酸价（KOH）0.038 mg/g,碘值（I）113.7 g/100 g,过氧化值5.159 mmol/kg。GC-MS分析结果显示,马蔺籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量为8471%,脂肪酸组成主要为亚油酸（45.32%）、油酸（38.42%）、棕榈酸（6.88%）及硬脂酸（238%）。不皂化物中甾醇类化合物总含量高达66.19%,其中β-谷甾醇725.87 mg/kg、菜油甾醇410.50 mg/kg、豆甾醇1 231.55 mg/kg,另外还含有高浓度的抗氧化剂豆甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇。马蔺籽油具有良好的抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基清除率IC50值为19.86 mg/mL,FRAP法测定其在质量浓度为280 mg/mL时总抗氧化能力为0.202 4 mmol/L。     

黑莓籽油脂肪酸成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用超声波辅助提取从黑莓籽中提取籽油,用GC/MS方法对籽油脂肪酸成分进行了分析,并通过测定籽油清除DPPH自由基的能力对黑莓籽油的抗氧化能力进行了评价。结果表明:黑莓籽油中不饱和脂肪酸占68.48%,对DPPH自由基清除能力研究表明1 mL黑莓籽油的抗氧化能力相当于2.092 mg抗坏血酸,具有良好的抗氧化能力。     

超声波萃取黄秋葵籽油的脂肪酸组成及其抗氧化能力评价

以黄秋葵种子为原料,正己烷为提取溶剂,采用超声波提取法提取黄秋葵种子中的籽油,气相色谱分析其提取物脂肪酸的种类和相对含量,并通过ABTS~+·自由基清除试验、DPPH自由基清除试验评价籽油的体外抗氧化能力,碘量滴定法测定过氧化值。结果表明,黄秋葵籽油中主要含有13种脂肪酸,以亚油酸(42.05%)、棕榈酸(26.43%)、油酸(20.58%)、十一烷酸(5.1%)、硬脂酸(3.4%,)为主,其过氧化值为5.86mmol/kg。体外抗氧化研究表明,黄秋葵籽油对DPPH自由基清除能力当量于0.5 mgVC/mL的清除能力,对ABTS~+·清除能力当量于285 mg Trolox/mL的清除能力。     

11种植物油的脂肪酸组成与抗氧化活性比较

对4种新资源食品油、2种高端食用油和5种普通植物油的脂肪酸组成和抗氧化活性进行比较研究,以评价不同类型植物油的质量。采用气-质联用色谱法测定了11种植物油的脂肪酸组成,应用DPPH、ABTS、FRAP法对不同植物油的全油以及极性部位的抗氧化活性进行测定。结果显示:新资源食品油(茶叶籽油除外)的多不饱和脂肪酸含量均大于65%,其中α-亚麻酸高达38%以上,而普通植物油以及牛油果油和橄榄油中α-亚麻酸含量仅有0.11%～8.67%; 11种植物油对DPPH·清除能力从大到小依次为杜仲籽油美藤果油玉米油大豆油葵花籽油牡丹籽油菜籽油橄榄油牛油果油花生油茶叶籽油;对ABTS+·的清除能力从大到小依次为橄榄油菜籽油杜仲籽油大豆油玉米油美藤果油花生油牛油果油茶叶籽油牡丹籽油葵花籽油;对FRAP Fe3+-TPTZ还原能力从大到小依次为杜仲籽油美藤果油菜籽油橄榄油玉米油花生油大豆油牡丹籽油葵花籽油牛油果油茶叶籽油。在脂肪酸组成方面,新资源食品油有较大优势,DPPH、ABTS、FRAP 3种方法所得的每种植物油的抗氧化活性不同,但杜仲籽油、美藤果油、菜籽油和玉米油在3种方法中均表现出较好的抗氧化活性。     

提取方式对接骨木籽油品质的影响

目的：比较冷榨法、索式提取法、亚临界丁烷萃取法对接骨木籽油得率、理化指标、脂肪酸组成以及体外抗氧化活性的影响。方法：以接骨木籽为原料,采用冷榨法、索式提取法和亚临界丁烷萃取法3种方式提取接骨木籽油,参考国家标准测定其理化指标与体外抗氧化活性,并利用GC-MS联用技术分析其脂肪酸组成。结果：3种提取方式中,亚临界丁烷萃取法的得油率最高(28.8%),索式提取法次之(27.6%),冷榨法最低(18.8%);亚临界丁烷萃取法所得的接骨木籽油的酸价和过氧化值最低,碘值最高;3种不同提取方式所得的接骨木籽油脂肪酸组成相似,主要成分为亚麻酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸,但含量存在一定差异,亚临界丁烷萃取法所得的接骨木籽油的亚麻酸含量最高,为46.94%;3种提取方式所得的接骨木籽油均具有良好的抗氧化活性,但亚临界丁烷萃取法的DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力高于冷榨法与索式提取法。结论：不同提取方法对接骨木籽油的品质存在一定影响,亚临界丁烷萃取法对接骨木籽油有较高提取率,所得油脂品质较好,是提取接骨木籽油的理想方法。     

8种萝卜籽油的组成与抗氧化活性

用二氯甲烷作提取剂提取了富含异硫氰酸盐的萝卜籽油,并分析了其脂肪酸组成、莱菔素( sulforaphene)含量及抗氧化性能.结果表明:8种萝卜籽油得率为34.65％～37.91％;8种萝卜籽油中含有多种脂肪酸,其中芥酸含量最高,为29.45％～35.01％,其次是油酸(21.99％～29.59％)、亚油酸(9.53％～13.63％)和二十碳一烯酸(8.88％～10.52％),再次是α-亚麻酸、棕榈酸,含量分别为5.30％ ～8.35％、5.37％ ～5.92％,不饱和脂肪酸含量达88.08％ ～89.73％;8种萝卜籽油含有28.39 ～114.73 mg/kg的sulforaphene,其中白玉春的含量最高,春萝卜籽油比秋萝卜籽油含量相对高.FRAP法抗氧化测定中,盛丰白萝卜籽油的活性最高.     

沙棘果油与沙棘籽油脂肪酸组成及其抗氧化活性

采用气相色谱技术分析了沙棘果油与沙棘籽油的脂肪酸组成,并利用清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)法与羟自由基(·OH)法评价了沙棘果油和沙棘籽油的抗氧化活性。结果表明:沙棘果油主要含棕榈油酸(35.945%)、棕榈酸(34.108%)、油酸(18.357%)和亚油酸(6.198%),不饱和脂肪酸含量为62.501%;沙棘籽油主要含亚油酸(38.958%)、亚麻酸(29.327%)、油酸(20.859%)和棕榈酸(7.659%),不饱和脂肪酸含量为89.965%;沙棘果油、沙棘籽油和BHT清除DPPH·的IC50分别为25.68、17.29μg/mL和27.61μg/mL;清除·OH的IC50分别为29.32、25.48μg/mL和33.60μg/mL;表明沙棘籽油与沙棘果油均具有较强的抗氧化活性,且沙棘籽油的抗氧化活性强于沙棘果油。     

不同方法提取茶籽蛋白及其抗氧化活性研究

以茶籽粕为原料,用碱法、盐法和缓冲液法提取茶籽蛋白,并测定其抗氧化活性。结果表明:盐法的茶籽蛋白得率和蛋白质含量均高于其他两种方法;盐法最佳提取条件为硫酸铵浓度0.005mol/L,料液比1∶50,时间180 min,pH 10;在盐法最佳提取条件下,茶籽蛋白得率为5.24%,蛋白质含量为82.65%。3种提取方法所得茶籽蛋白对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、Fe3+都具有抗氧化活性,当盐法所得茶籽蛋白在质量浓度8.0 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基的清除率为74.78%,优于碱法和缓冲液法所得茶籽蛋白。     

桦褐孔菌抗氧化物质的提取工艺优化及其活性

通过响应面分析对桦褐孔菌抗氧化活性成分的提取工艺进行了优化,并对提取物的铁离子还原能力(FRAP)、DPPH自由基清除能力进行了评价。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶20(g/m L),乙醇浓度65%,提取温度85℃,提取时间2.5 h。根据最佳提取工艺,得到桦褐孔菌抗氧化活性成分提取物得率为21.6%,其多酚含量为12.04 mg/g,铁离子还原能力测试(FRAP)值为1.42 mmol/g样品,提取物浓度为400μg/m L时DPPH自由基清除率为78.05%。加热实验表明,桦褐孔菌提取物具有一定的热稳定性。     

山楂籽油化学成分及抗氧化活性的研究

对山楂籽油的化学成分、脂肪酸组成进行了研究,测定了山楂籽油中角鲨烯、维生素E、总黄酮、总多酚含量,利用DPPH和ABTS法评价山楂籽油的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:通过GC-MS,初步确认了23种化学成分,其中亚油酸、油酸及其脂类、角鲨烯为主要成分。通过对山楂籽油的脂肪酸分析,鉴别出14种脂肪酸,主要为不饱和脂肪酸(89%);测定角鲨烯含量为(236. 64±13. 20) mg/kg,HPLC法分别测定4种亚型维生素E的含量,含量最高的为γ-生育酚,达到(51. 92±2. 53) mg/100 g,测定了总多酚和总黄酮含量,分别为(424. 59±11. 25)、(103. 33±5. 86) mg REs/100 g DW,这些物质均有很好的抗氧化活性。利用DPPH和ABTS法评价了山楂籽油的抗氧化活性,结果显示山楂籽油对DPPH和ABTS有很好的清除能力,清除率均达到90%以上。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the