超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料的研究现状

介绍了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料的发展、制备和应用,指出了今后超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料的研究方向.     

三种纤维改性超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能

以未处理和偶联剂KH550处理的C纤维、SiC纤维和Al2O3纤维为填充材料,以超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)为基体,用模压成型法制备了三种纤维改性UHMWPE复合材料,对复合材料的硬度、弯曲强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率进行了实验研究,用光学显微镜观察分析了拉伸断面形貌。结果表明,未处理的C纤维、SiC纤维和Al2O3纤维改性UHMWPE复合材料硬度较纯UHMWPE分别提高了11.76%、21%和6%。经KH550处理的三种纤维改性UHMWPE复合材料弯曲强度和拉伸强度均优于未处理纤维的复合材料,已处理的SiC纤维/UHMWPE复合材料弯曲强度和拉伸强度提高较大。KH550处理的三种纤维与UHMWPE基体界面粘接紧密,未处理纤维与UHMWPE基体粘接较差。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维现状的研究

介绍超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的结构特点,性能及加工方法。描述了纤维在各领域的应用,介绍了国内外生产厂家对超高分子量聚乙烯的改性方法和应用。并指出其今后的发展。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强复合材料的性能研究

采用一种结构与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维相似、且对纤维表面具有良好浸润性的碳氢树脂(PCH)作基体,通过层压成型方法制得UHMWPE/PCH复合材料.研究了复合材料的力学性能、介电性能、吸湿性能及界面黏结性能.结果表明,UHMWPE/PCH复合材料介电性能优异、力学性能好、耐湿热性能较佳、界面黏结性能好,可用作高性能透微波复合材料.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的发展状况

介绍超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的结构性能,发展历程和现状.描述了纤维的生产工艺方法和用途,介绍了国内外主要生产厂商产品,以及国内外对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的改性方法和应用.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强防弹复合材料研究进展

介绍了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的特点、种类及编织结构,分析了UHMWPE纤维复合材料的防弹机理,总结了UHMWPE纤维的编织结构、树脂基体性能、界面性能等因素对防弹性能的影响,归纳了UHMWPE纤维防弹复合材料的优缺点,并对UHMWPE纤维复合材料的发展进行了展望。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维热行为的研究

用ＤＳＣ法对不同拉伸倍率的ＵＨＭＷ－ＰＥ纤维，分别进行了松弛和定长状态下的热分析。在松弛状态下，拉伸３０、４０倍纤维的ＤＳＣ谱图上，出现三重熔融峰，表明，纤维中除折迭链和伸直链结晶外，还存在另一种结晶形态。在定长状态下纤维的熔融吸热峰会发生很大变化，若在适当温度下进行热处理，可加速结晶形态的转化过程。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料的应用及其抗侵彻性能研究

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维因在比强度上的巨大优势引起科研技术人员的广泛关注(其密度约为0.97g/cm3,而抗拉强度可达GPa量级)。研究表明,以UHMWPE纤维作为主要组分的复合板在侵彻防护领域具有极大的应用潜能,其防护效率明显优于现有陶瓷、轻金属等抗侵彻材料。介绍了UHMWPE纤维的基本性质、发展现状及其抗侵彻机理,概述了以UHMWPE纤维为主要组分的复合材料在抗侵彻领域中的应用,指出了UHMWPE纤维复合材料发展中有待解决的问题。     

超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的流变行为

聚合填充法制备的UHMWPE/Kaolin复合材料具有特殊的流变行为。一般情况下填料的加入使聚合物熔体粘度,动态模量升高。与此相反,由填充复合法制备的UHWMPE/Kaolin复合材料的表观粘度、复数粘度、动态模量均随Kaolin填充量呈下降趋势,其加工性得到改善。文中对此现象的实验结果进行了报道,并探讨了流变行为与聚合填充法赋予复合材料的独特结构的关系。      

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合表面改性及其橡胶基复合材料的力学性能

针对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维与基体之间界面结合强度低的问题,采用超声波结合铬酸溶液氧化的复合工艺对UHMWPE纤维进行表面处理,并将处理后的纤维加入到天然橡胶(NR)中制备短切UHMWPE纤维/NR复合材料。结果表明:复合改性工艺可有效增加纤维表面粗糙度及表面含氧官能团含量,最佳改性工艺条件为:按照重铬酸钾、水及浓硫酸的质量比7∶12∶150配置铬酸溶液,将含有一定质量UHMWPE纤维的铬酸溶液放入35℃的超声波清洗仪中氧化5min,其中超声波频率为100kHz。与纯NR样品相比,在UHMWPE纤维与NR的质量比为0~6∶100范围内,随着处理后短纤维含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度逐渐减小,最大损失量达到50%;复合材料的硬度不断增大,最大增加量达到96%;复合材料的撕裂强度先增大后减小,在UHMWPE纤维与NR的质量比为5∶100时达到最大值,最大增加量达到49%。     

超高分子量聚乙烯基纳米复合材料的导热性能研究

通过添加导热系数较高的纳米AIN、C纤维来制备超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料,采用Hot Disk导热系数仪测试了其导热系数,同时分析了不同添加物及其含量对导热系数的影响.结果表明,制备的超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的导热性能有明显提高.在本实验条件下,当纤维的添加量达到20%时,复合材料的热导率为0.8969 W·m-1·K-1,比纯超高分子量聚乙烯提高了150%.     

自增强高密度聚乙烯/超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料制备与表征

用自制模具制备出自增强高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)棒材.通过SEM观察、X射线分析、DSC分析以及力学性能测试,研究了挤出自增强HDPE/UHMWPE棒材微观结构和力学性能.研究结果表明,在HDPE和UHMWPE最佳配比为8:2的情况下,自增强试样的拉伸强度、抗弯强度和弹性模量分别为168.5、164.8MPa和4.9GPa,比未增强试样分别提高了534.9%、261.2%和408.3%.与普通模压试样相比,自增强试样内部有大量的微纤结构和串晶互锁结构,结晶度获得提高,(110)面和(200)面的峰值均获得提高,并且熔点向高温区发生漂移.     

聚全氟乙丙烯改性超高分子量聚乙烯的性能研究

以纯超高聚乙烯(UHMWPE)为基础原料,添加高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、纳米SiO₂等改性剂,制备了UHMWPE改性混合物。研究了聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)的加入和用量,对UHMWPE改性混合物力学性能及磨耗性能、熔融性能及热性能的影响。结果表明:添加FEP前后,改性混合物体系中纳米粒子都有较好的分散,拉伸强度和冲击强度以及热性能变化不大,但添加FEP后聚合物体系的磨耗几乎下降了50%,熔融性有一定的改善。当FEP用量较少时,随着FEP用量的增加,改性混合物的拉伸强度和冲击强度都上升;当FEP用量超过2%时,随着随着FEP用量的增加,改性混合物的拉伸强度和冲击强度都下降;在FEP用量达到2%时,改性混合物的磨耗是最低的。     

改性芳纶纤维增强木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能

采用螺杆挤出机研究了添加连续芳纶纤维增强木粉/高密度聚乙烯（CAF-WF/HDPE）复合材料,为改善CAF与WF/HDPE复合材料界面相容性,分别采用磷酸和硅烷偶联剂处理纤维。对比表面处理前后的CAF形态分析显示,经过处理的CAF表面粗糙度增加;采用磷酸和硅烷偶联剂处理,纤维束从基体中的拔出强度分别提高了94.9%和77.6%,表明处理后的CAF与WF/HDPE复合材料的界面结合强度有所提高。对比WF/HDPE复合材料,在挤出成型过程中加入未处理CAF,CAF-WF/HDPE复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别提高了32.1%、35.1%、515.1%;CAF采用硅烷偶联剂处理后,CAF-WF/HDPE复合材料对应的力学性能分别提高了42.0%、37.4%、550.2%。动态力学分析表明:表面处理后CAF与WF/HDPE复合材料的界面相容性得到改善。      

Comparative study of wear performance of particulate and fiber-reinforced nano-ZnO/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene hybrid composites using response surface methodology

The effects of two types of filler reinforcements i.e. particulate (talc particles) and fiber (Glass Fiber (GF)) as secondary reinforcements in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-based composites on the wear and friction properties were discussed in this paper. These UHMWPE hybrid composites were fabricated by the addition of 10 wt% of talc and glass fiber at a fixed nano-ZnO loading of 10 wt% using a hot compression moulding technique. The wear and friction properties of these hybrid composites were investigated using a pin-on-disc tester with different operating conditions of applied loads, sliding speeds and sliding distances based on response surface Box–Behnken design. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to model the effects of various variables of applied load, sliding speed and distance on the wear volume loss and average coefficient of friction (COF) of UHMWPE hybrid composites. The mathematical regression models of the wear volume and average COF were derived from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimization of the independent variables to minimize the wear and friction responses of both UHMWPE composites was estimated using RSM. The mathematical models showed that applied load, sliding speed and distance have significant effects on the wear and friction properties of both UHMWPE composites in the tested range of variables. The most significant, in order of the variables that affect the volume loss and friction of UHMWPE composites is load, followed by sliding distance and speed. In addition, the combined effects of load and distance indicate the highest significance on volume loss and average COF for both UHMWPE hybrid composites as compared to other variable interactions. GF/ZnO/UHMWPE exhibited better wear performance compared to talc/ZnO/UHMWPE hybrid composites. The severity of worn surfaces of the GF/ZnO/UHMWPE was less than that of talc/ZnO/UHMWPE. The GF/ZnO/UHMWPE produced transfer films that were more uniform and had better coverage compared to talc/ZnO/UHMWPE.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/环氧复合材料的吸湿行为及吸湿应力分析

为了揭示超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的吸湿机制,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立二维模型,对此类复合材料的吸湿行为及吸湿应力进行研究。模拟计算了两种不同纤维分布模型内部的水分浓度场分布; 根据获得的水分浓度场,对两种模型随温度及时间变化的吸湿应力场进行了分析。结果表明: 水分在两种模型中的扩散都符合Fick扩散定律,纤维按正六边形分布模型比纤维随机分布模型更早达到吸湿平衡,但后者更符合实际情况,也与实验结果比较吻合; 长时间的吸湿会导致材料内部吸湿应力达到很高的水平(>60 MPa),温度越高,越早达到吸湿平衡,应力越大,最大的吸湿应力出现在纤维聚集最密集的基体区域,纤维随机分布模型的吸湿应力水平高于纤维按正六边形分布模型。     

Flexural fatigue resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene at ambient and low temperature

Specimens of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene have been subjected to flexural fatigue tests at −40° and 23°C, and the temperature of some of the specimens recorded throughout the test. It is found that when the specimen life exceeds 10⁶ cycles, the temperature of the specimen stabilizes. However, if the temperature of the specimen does not reach equilibrium with the testing temperature, the specimen life is short (< 10⁴ cycles). The stabilization of the speciment temperature is related to a critical stress level, which is different for each testing temperature.     

Medical-grade ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: past,current and future

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is a semi-crystalline polymer (45–60%) with six decades of orthopaedic applications. This polymer has a high fracture toughness (30?kJ?m^?2) which comes from the molecular weight and the chain entanglements. Adverse alteration of the properties may lead to the part's pre-mature failure. This paper reviews the current manufacturing methods, and their effect on the properties of the polymer. The review also focused on the attempts of enhancing the polymer properties. The main cause of failure is implant loosing owing to the polymeric wear particles. Many manufacturers have attempted to enhance the wear and oxidation properties of the polymer, and the outcome of the new technologies is critically reviewed. Finally, the review explores the potential for future developments.

This review was submitted as part of the 2018 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.     

石墨烯多壁碳纳米管/超高分子量聚乙烯导电复合材料的制备及性能

为了比较超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)在单一填充和混合填充时, 复合材料导电性的差别。在超声和肼的作用下, 通过对氧化石墨烯(GO)、 多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和超高分子量聚乙烯水/乙醇分散液减压蒸馏及热压制备了隔离型MWCNTs/UHMWPE、 石墨烯(GNS)/UHMWPE和MWCNTs-GNS/UHMWPE导电复合材料。经SEM、 TEM测试发现, 导电填料分散于UHMWPE颗粒表面, 热压后形成隔离结构。隔离型的MWCNTs/UHMWPE和GNS/UHMWPE复合材料均表现出较低的导电逾渗(0.148%和0.059%, 体积分数,下同), 但MWCNTs/UHMWPE复合材料的电导率(2.0×10^-2 S/m, 1.0%, 质量分数, 下同)明显高于相同填料含量下的GNS/UHMWPE复合材料。 MWCNTs-GNS/UHMWPE复合材料表现出了更低的逾渗(0.039%) 和较高导电性能(1.0×10^-2 S/m, 1.0%), 其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随填充剂含量的增加呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。