沥青混合料松弛时间谱分析

为了分析沥青混合料不同时间谱的确定方法和相互换算关系,采用Prony级数和积分变换表达式分别对沥青混合料的离散松弛和延迟时间谱及连续松弛和延迟时间谱进行确定,并将连续时间谱进行离散化表示,建立了由连续时间谱换算离散时间谱的关系式,由时间域、Laplace变换域和频率域内本构关系分别导出了离散松弛与延迟时间谱之间的换算线性方程组,并通过动态模量和蠕变柔量主曲线试验结果对本研究确定和换算方法的有效性进行了验证.结果表明,沥青混合料的4种时间谱可以通过试验主曲线同时确定,松弛与延迟时间谱之间的换算结果与试验结果吻合较好,该方法能够为沥青混合料黏弹性参数的全面分析提供有效工具.

     

沥青砂动态剪切蠕变特性

为了解沥青砂的复杂力学行为,给沥青混合料细观力学研究提供数据支持,将几种沥青混合料的配合比转变为沥青砂的配比,采用自主研发的沥青砂成型装置及流变仪夹具获取沥青砂的动态剪切蠕变曲线,基于Burgers模型对蠕变曲线进行拟合,获取动态剪切荷载下沥青砂的黏弹性参数,分析黏弹性参数及松弛模量的变化规律。试验结果显示,Burgers模型对沥青砂动态剪切蠕变曲线具有较好的拟合效果。相同加载时间内,相比于AC-20级配沥青混合料,SMA-16级配沥青混合料蠕变变形量更大。橡胶沥青砂的抗剪切蠕变性能最优。沥青砂蠕变变形影响规律与混合料车辙变形一般影响规律相符。试验温度、沥青用量、沥青种类和级配类型均对沥青砂的黏弹性参数和松弛模量影响显著。     

Coefficient of retardation time found out by polynomial fitting to predict creep behaviour of polystyrene

The universal creep function is successful in relating the creep (ε) to the ageing time (tα), coefficient of retardation time (β), and intrinsic time (to). The relation was used to treat the creep experimental data for polystyrene (PS) specimens at a given aged time and different stress levels. Comparing with “middle-point”method reported in the literatures, β is found out by another method “polynomial fitting” in this work. Then unified master lines were constructed with the treated data and curves according to the universal equation. The master lines can he used to predict the long-term creep hehaviour and lifetime by extrapolating to a required ultimate strain.     

Aging Behavior and Creep Characteristics of CACB

沥青老化对水泥沥青复合胶结料蠕变特性的影响研究

李云良, 刘钰泽, 徐垒, 何鑫, 孙海蛟

(哈尔滨工业大学交通科学与工程学院, 哈尔滨, 150090)

摘 要：水泥沥青复合胶结料是由水泥、沥青及多种外加剂胶结固化形成的复合胶结材料,沥青的老化会对水泥沥青复合胶结料的蠕变特性产生影响。通过水泥沥青复合胶结料不同老化程度下的蠕变试验得到其蠕变柔量,结合分数导数修正博格斯模型的蠕变柔量进行了试验结果的曲线拟合,分析了沥青老化及材料配比等因素对水泥沥青复合胶结料蠕变特性的影响。研究表明,随着沥青老化时间的增加,复合胶结料抵抗瞬时弹性变形及粘性流动变形的能力增强,弹性成分增加而粘性成分减少,材料的变形能力变差,呈现出弹性材料的变形特性。在老化初期（老化时间小于12h）,沥青老化对复合胶结料的黏弹性力学性能影响较大,而在老化后期（老化时间大于12h）,沥青老化对复合胶结料的黏弹性力学性能影响较小。在老化初期,提高沥青用量可以增强复合胶结料的蠕变变形能力;在老化后期,沥青含量对复合胶结料的蠕变变形能力影响较小。

关键词：水泥沥青复合胶结料;老化;蠕变;黏弹性。

创新点说明：

（1）建立了考虑老化的水泥沥青复合胶结料黏弹性本构模型;

（2）基于本构模型参数建立了水泥沥青复合胶结料的老化表征方法与指标。

     

二次回归正交设计的高粘度改性沥青性能

为了优化高粘度改性沥青的制备工艺,借助二次回归正交设计,对苯乙烯一丁二烯一苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）及添加剂A、B的掺兑量与改性沥青60℃和135℃粘度之间关联规律进行了研究．结果表明：SBS和添加剂B可大大增加改性沥青60℃的粘度,而添加剂A能有效的控制改性沥青135℃的粘度．建立了改性剂掺兑量与改性沥青60℃和135℃粘度的数学模型并进行了方程拟合,回归方程的拟合度分别为11．007、75．853,均大于F0.01,（9,8）=3．39,表明在α=0．0l水平上回归方程具有较好的拟合度,对高粘度改性沥青的制备具有指导作用．     

Rheological characteristics of aged asphalt binder

Different aging levels(RTFOT,PAV-10h,PAV-20h and PAV-30 h) of asphalt binders with various mass ratios of mineral powder to asphalt(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,2.0) were used to investigate the rheological properties of aged asphalt binders with respect to their short and long terms aging characteristics.Viscosity test,dynamic shear test and creep test were conducted.The test results indicate that the viscosity of aged asphalt binder increases sharply with the extension of aging period.Complex shear modulus of aged asphalt increases,which indicates that the stiffness of asphalt binders can increase.The phase angle for aged asphalt binders reduces,which indicates that the elastic portion for viscoelastic property of asphalt binders increases.|G*|·sin δ increases after aging procedure which means that the fatigue resistance becomes poor.The creep test results show that creep strain curves varies remarkably for virgin and aged asphalt binders.The total strain during loading period and the permanent strain decreases significantly for aged asphalt binders,which implies that the elastic portion increases and the viscous portion decreases.     

沥青混合料损伤蠕变模型试验研究

在三元件黏弹性模型基础上耦合一个连续性损伤因子,构建一个能够描述沥青混合料三阶段蠕变全过程的损伤蠕变模型。综合考虑黏弹性特性与损伤机制,推导了该模型的本构方程,分析了沥青混合料的蠕变特性。通过沥青混合料在不同应力水平下的单轴压缩蠕变实验,编制非线性拟合程序,得到模型参数和损伤演化曲线。将不同应力条件下模型预测值与实验结果进行对比,结果表明,该模型能准确反映不同应力水平下沥青混合料蠕变过程三个阶段的特征和进入破坏阶段的临界时间。     

利用改进开窗转换法确定沥青离散松弛时间谱

为了精确地获得沥青胶结料的离散松弛时间谱,提出了一种改进开窗转换法的线性黏弹性材料函数转换算法．此方法可以用于离散延迟时间谱和离散松弛时间谱的相互转换．与开窗转换法相比,改进开窗转换法对于时间常数的设置更加精确,并且不会产生负数谱线．将改进开窗转换法用于一种传统非改性沥青的弯曲梁流变仪试验数据的离散延迟时间谱的转换,成功地确定了相应的离散松弛时间谱．经有限元模型验证表明,此离散松弛时间谱能很好地还原该沥青结合料的应力松弛特性．     

Rheological behavior of basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mastic

The characters of basalt fiber are analyzed and compared with commonly used fibers. The rheological behaviors of the basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mastic are investigated by the dynamic shear rheological tests and the repeated creep tests. The results show that basalt fiber has excellent reinforced performances, such as high asphalt absorption ratio, low water absorption ratio, high tensile strength, high elastic modulus and high temperature stability. The rutting factor of the fiber reinforced asphalt mastic is higher than the plain asphalt mastic and the reinforced effects are more remarkable under high temperature. The rheological performances of the asphalt mastic demonstrate a good linear relationship between different temperature and loading frequency. The creep stiffness modulus of the asphalt mastic at different loading time can be expressed by power function. Improved Burgers model is used to represent the rheological behaviors of the asphalt mastic with basalt fiber and the model parameters are estimated.     

动荷载下含反射裂缝沥青路面结构黏弹性分析

为了获得含反射裂缝沥青路面结构的工作性状，基于黏弹性动力学、断裂力学理论和平面应变有限单元法，采用ABAQUS软件，分析了车辆行驶速度、路面结构层的温度和阻尼比对单周期半波正弦荷载作用下含反射裂缝沥青路面结构的动应力强度因子分布规律的影响.结果表明，最大动应力强度因子随行驶速度的增加而减小，当行驶速度由40 km/h增加至120 km/h时，最大动应力强度因子减小了21.6%；不同温度下的最大动应力强度因子出现的时间基本相同，且最大动应力强度因子随温度的升高而减小；路面结构的动应力强度因子曲线随阻尼比的增加而逐渐后移，且最大动应力强度因子值逐渐减小，同时最大动应力强度因子出现的时间向后延迟.     

沥青路面损伤分析及实验开发

利用粘弹性与损伤的分析理论,对含表面裂缝沥青路面进行了有限元分析,计算了损伤区半径和裂缝长度的改变量随温度和加载时间的变化,得到不同加载时间和不同变温的损伤区和断裂区的分布情况,模拟了损伤区的演化和裂缝的扩展过程;通过复合材料理论和劈裂实验的比较,确定了含纤维沥青混凝土的劲度模量,同时对含纤维和不含纤维沥青混凝土路面的疲劳寿命进行了计算、分析和比较,提出了新型抗损伤沥青路面.     

Simulation of rheological behavior of asphalt mixture with lattice model

A three-dimensional(3D) lattice model for predicting the rheological behavior of asphalt mixtures was presented.In this model asphalt mixtures were described as a two-phase composite material consisting of asphalt sand and coarse aggregates distributed randomly.Asphalt sand was regarded as a viscoelastic material and aggregates as an elastic material.The rheological response of asphalt mixture subjected to different constant stresses was simulated.The calibrated overall creep strain shows a good approximation to experimental results.     

成品粉煤灰在沥青混合料中的应用

在沥青混合料原材料配比和强度理论的基础上 ,根据成品粉煤灰的理化特性 ,经实验室试验和实际工程使用证明 ,在沥青混合料中用成品粉煤灰替代矿粉是可行的     

Viscoelastoplastic constitutive model for creep deformation behavior of asphalt sand

A uniaxial viscoelastoplastic model that can describe whole creep behaviors of asphalt sand at different temperatures was presented.The model was composed of three submodels in series,which describe elastoplastic,viscoelastic and viscoplastic characteristics respectively.The constitutive equation was established for uniaxial loading condition,and the creep representation was also obtained.The constitutive parameters were determined by uniaxial compression tests under controlled-stress of 0.1 MPa with five different test temperatures of 20,40,45,50 and 60 ℃.Expressions of the model parameters in terms of temperatures were also given.The model gave prediction at various temperatures consistent with the experimental results,and can reflect the total deformation characterization of asphalt sands.     

热处理对涤纶松弛模量和蠕变柔量的影响

以热处理的阳离子染料可染改性涤纶为试样，用动态力学温度谱求得松弛模量和蠕变柔量等材料函数。这２个函数在一一程度上可定量地表述热处理过程中ＣＤＰ纤维聚集态结构的变化，由此探讨了纤维可染性改善的机理。     

Effect of ageing on fatigue properties of asphalt

The fatigue properties of asphalts were investigated after various laboratory simulation ageing tests and outdoor natural exposure ultraviolet radiation ageing,by dynamic shear rheometer(DSR) time sweep fatigue test in constant strain model and a new type of specimen which was introduced to avoid the problem of adhesion failure between rotor and asphalt binder.The results show that outdoor natural exposure ageing(NEA) causes the decrease of retained fatigue life distinctly,and photodegradation caused by outdoor NEA of 1 250 μm thin films asphalt for three months,is found to be severer than pressure ageing vessel(PAV) with respects to retained fatigue life.The effect of photodegradation increases as the time of outdoor NEA increases.DSR time sweep fatigue test in constant strain indicates that the aged styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS) modified asphalt still displays better fatigue properties than the corresponding base asphalt after ageing.     

超硬质沥青改性结合料流变性能分析

为研究超硬质沥青(super hard asphalt,SHA)对超硬质沥青结合料的高、低温流变的影响效果,采用SHA作为改性剂对AH-90道路石油沥青进行改性,制备了不同质量分数（5%、6%、7%和8%）的SHA改性结合料,并进行动态剪切流变试验、多应力蠕变恢复试验及小梁弯曲蠕变试验. 试验结果表明:其适用于时温等效原理;SHA的掺入会有效提高沥青结合料的车辙因子G^*/sin δ,沥青混合料的高温性能得到明显改善;随着SHA掺量的增加,沥青结合料的平均应变恢复率R逐渐升高,不可恢复蠕变柔量J_nr逐渐降低,掺加SHA有利于提高沥青结合料高温抗变形能力与变形恢复能力;随着SHA的掺入,沥青结合料的蠕变劲度S与蠕变劲度变化率m变化幅度不大,对沥青结合料的低温抗裂性能影响不大. SHA改性沥青结合料高温抗车辙性能优异,低温性能相对于基质沥青PG分级保持不变.     

沥青混合料玻璃态转变温度的外部影响因素

为探究环境因素、交通水平等外部条件对沥青混合料玻璃态转变温度的影响,研究选取升温速率、荷载频率、应变水平3个试验因素,采用DMA方法在不同试验水平下对沥青混合料试件进行温度扫描试验.利用Boltzmann模型拟合得到材料的玻璃态转变温度,通过对试验结果的统计分析,确定影响玻璃态转变温度的主要因素,并建立了多因素影响下的玻璃态转变温度预测模型.结果表明:采用Boltzmann模型能够准确有效地确定材料玻璃态转变温度;升温速率、荷载频率对沥青混合料的玻璃态转变温度有显著影响,玻璃态转变温度随着升温速率、荷载频率的增大而升高,玻璃态转变温度与升温速率、荷载频率的对数值存在良好的线性关系;处于弯拉受力模式下的沥青混合料,其玻璃态转变温度在线粘弹性区域内并无明显的应变依赖性.     

保持时间对409铁素体不锈钢循环蠕变行为的影响

为了确定保持时间对超纯409铁素体不锈钢循环蠕变行为的影响,通过在应力控制模式下最大外加应力处引入10和30 min的保持时间,对其在650℃下的循环蠕变行为进行了研究.结果表明,与静态蠕变相比保持时间的引入使409不锈钢发生了循环蠕变减速行为,而循环蠕变减速行为可以归因于滞弹性应变.随着保持时间的缩短,最小蠕变速率降低,循环蠕变断裂寿命提高.静态蠕变及循环蠕变后,409不锈钢中有细小的第二相析出,且微观组织以亚晶及四边形和六边形位错网络为主.409不锈钢静态与循环蠕变断裂方式均为穿晶韧性断裂.     

类似级配沥青混合料最佳油石比关系研究

利用压实热拌沥青混合料的空隙率和矿料间隙率等体积特性，考虑集料吸收沥青的情况，提出了“有效油石体积比”的概念，依据最佳有效油石体积比，分析研究了同类级配矿料的最佳油石比之间的关系，建立了具有普遍意义的关系式，并与新的公路沥青路面施工技术规范提供的预估公式作了比较.