合成不同粒径大小的金纳米粒子的分析研究

金属纳米粒子中金纳米粒子作为其中最重要的一员,由于其具有独特的催化性能、光学性能、导电性能,使其在生物传感~([1])、催化、药物载体、基因芯片~([2])等众多领域有着广泛的应用。纳米金在各个应用中控制其特定形貌、尺寸大小、空间结构具有十分重要的意义,但又面临一定的合成挑战。本文针对合成不同粒径的纳米金采用了不同的合成方法,成功地合成出不同粒径大小的纳米金。     

负载型纳米金催化剂的研究进展

金是一种高化学惰性金属,其纳米粒子具有独特的结构和性质,在催化、光电传感器和生物医药等领域应用广泛。研究表明,负载在金属氧化物等载体上的纳米金粒子具有很高的催化活性,特别是在CO低温催化氧化中,催化效率明显高于其他类型贵金属。纳米金催化剂的研究已经具有了相当的深度和广度,在工业催化和环境保护等领域显现出重要的发展前景和商机。     

微流控制备新型功能纳米粒子研究进展

纳米粒子在显示器、催化剂和生物医学等领域有着广泛的应用,其可控制备一直是研究的重点。与传统的间歇釜式生产工艺相比,微流控技术具有高效混合、传质传热快、反应条件精准可控以及可在线分析等特点,可用于高效连续化合成单分散纳米粒子,并为新型功能纳米粒子的开发提供了平台。本文主要介绍了近年来微流控技术在新型功能纳米粒子制备中的应用,重点综述了在量子点、金属及金属氧化物纳米粒子制备中的研究进展,并对其未来方向进行展望。     

植物生物质合成金纳米粒子的研究进展

植物生物质合成金纳米粒子具有无毒副作用、生物相容性好、制备简单、商业应用价值大等特点,成为近年来的研究热点.概述了植物生物质合成金纳米粒子的现状,分析了植物生物质合成金纳米粒子的可能作用机制以及植物生物质中起生物还原作用的化合物,同时还探讨了植物生物质还原合成金纳米粒子所面临的挑战.     

前沿科研成果融入物理化学实验教学——金-聚丙烯酸铵双面神纳米粒子的合成

设计了一个还原法制备金溶胶,并进一步合成具有双面神结构的金-聚丙烯酸铵纳米粒子的本科生化学实验。首先,采用溶胶法合成金纳米粒子,然后,聚丙烯酸通过异向生长与金纳米粒子形成具有双面神结构的纳米粒子。本实验可以锻炼学生制备纳米材料的能力,熟悉金纳米粒子的制备方法及其纳米尺度的特殊性质,并掌握仪器设备的使用,认识纳米尺度可操控材料的结构,得到金-聚丙烯酸铵双面神纳米粒子,使学生进一步了解科学前沿,提升科学素养。     

过渡金属硫化物纳米粒子制备技术研究进展

阐述了过渡金属（如钼、铁、钴和镍等）硫化物纳米粒子制备技术进展，详细介绍了其液相化学合成技术，如溶剂热、微乳液和微波液相介电加热法等。还介绍了相关硫化物纳米粒子负载及团聚控制研究情况。提出过渡金属硫化物纳米粒子高效合成技术，为其工业应用打下基础。提出了过渡金属硫化物纳米粒子高效合成的途径。     

金纳米材料的合成方法进展

本文综述了金纳米材料的合成方法,主要对一维金纳米粒子中的金纳米线和零维金纳米粒子中的金纳米星的合成方法进行了简单介绍,并指出了其优点与不足。最后对未来金纳米材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

磁-金纳米粒子的制备及其生物医学应用进展

综述了近年来磁-金纳米粒子的合成及其在生物医学成像诊断和生物医学治疗上的最新应用研究进展。从磁性纳米粒子的制备方法、磁-金纳米粒子的合成方法、磁-金纳米粒子作为成像造影剂用于生物医学多模态成像及“无背景”成像、磁-金纳米粒子作为诊疗一体化探针用于医学诊疗一体化几个方面进行了概述,并对磁-金纳米粒子未来的发展及应用前景进行了展望。     

液晶金纳米粒子的研究进展

液晶金纳米粒子是一类非常重要的功能材料。液晶金纳米粒子不仅能自组装成一维(1D)、二维(2D)和三维(3D)有序的定向排列还能增强液晶材料的导电性。液晶金纳米粒子在非线性光学、物理化学传感器和分子识别等领域有着广泛的应用前景。综述了近年来液晶硫醇金纳米粒子的研究进展。     

抗烧结型金属纳米催化剂的制备策略

负载型金属纳米粒子催化剂被广泛应用于化工工业生产中，但由于金属在高温环境中容易烧结而导致催化剂失活，因此提高催化剂的高温热稳定性是多相催化领域的重大挑战。本文概述了金属纳米颗粒的高温烧结机制：纳米粒子迁移-聚集过程(PMC)和Ostwald熟化(OR),讨论了近年来通过增强金属-载体相互作用、调节金属纳米粒子与包裹层之间的界面效应、构建多功能结构等方法在制备抗烧结型金属纳米催化剂方面的研究进展并对其进行总结。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。