含油污泥处理技术在大庆油田应用研究

含油污泥是油田开发和储运过程中产生的主要污染物,随着油田开发的逐步深入,含油污泥所带来的生产和环境矛盾越来越突出。2013年大庆油田第七采油厂新建了"含油污泥预处理+调质装置+离心机"处理工艺的含油污泥处理站1座,通过现场试验对该工艺的适应性及处理效果进行检验,为油田含油污泥处理技术提供现场经验积累。     

油田含油污泥处理工艺技术研究与应用

油田含油污泥是在钻井、水力压裂、试生产、作业、原油加工、含油废水处理以及原油储存和运输过程中产生的主要污染物之一。油田含油污泥不及时处理会造成很多问题，例如油田含油污泥中油气的挥发导致生产区域空气中碳氢化合物的总浓度超过标准、含油污泥的分散积累污染了地表甚至地下水、油田含油污泥中含有大量的原油会导致油田含油污泥中的油超过正常水平，因此有必要对油田含油污泥进行处理。结合实际案例对油田含油污泥处理工艺技术研究与应用进行分析，以促进油田含油污泥的处理。     

油田含油污泥无害化处理技术研究及应用

针对油田含油污泥产量大,含油污泥处理和利用成本高、后续污染严重问题,在分析了油田产出含油污泥组分和粒径的基础上,开发研制了以含油污泥为主要原材料并添加适当化学药剂为辅加剂的一种新型含油污泥调驱剂,其中含油污泥12-15%,悬浮剂用量3-4%,分散剂与延缓剂复合物用量0.3-0.4%,岩心实验和现场应用表明,该调驱剂可有效扩大了水驱波及体积,明显提高油井产油量,实现增油控水目的。该技术的研究成功,为油田提供了一种新的油田含油污泥利用无害化处理技术,实现了变废为宝,为油田的可持续发展提供了一种价格低廉的绿色深部调驱技术。     

污泥调剖技术在锦州油田注水井的研究及应用

含油污泥经过化学剂的处理后变成活性含油污泥,可用于注水井调剖,大大提高了污泥的附加值,降低了含油污泥处理成本,解决了油田含油污泥的出路问题,使油田含油污泥不再污染环境,具有广泛的使用价值和推广应用价值。     

油气田含油污泥处理技术与展望

在油气田勘探、开发、集输及炼化等过程中均会产生大量的含油污泥。含油污泥已归为危险固体废物,含油污泥的处理已成为油田环境保护中亟待解决的问题之一。针对含油污泥的来源和组分优选含油污泥处理工艺技术,针对含油污泥处理技术的优缺点或局限性对处理技术进行改进、优化、完善措施,进一步提高处理效果,降低含油污泥固体废物含油率和生物毒性,降低含油污泥对环境的污染,实现含油污泥处理安全、环保、经济的目的。     

油田含油污泥处理技术的发展现状、探讨及展望

含油污泥处理是油田环境保护与可持续发展的重要问题之一。本文主要从减量化、稳定化和资源化三个研究方向阐述了国内外含油污泥处理方法的发展现状,并结合实际分析、探讨了冀东油田含油污泥处理现状与发展,最后展望了油田含油污泥处理的发展方向和前景。同时,认为物理-化学、化学-生物等联合调理技术方法将是今后的主要攻关方向,可按照"减量化与再利用相结合"的思路,根据油田油藏特点以及含油污泥物化性状,及时分级、分阶段处理,从而达到含油污泥的无害化处理和资源化应用。     

大庆油田含油污泥超声波预处理——厌氧产甲烷的探讨

从油田中含油污泥的成分及危害分析入手,阐述了油田含油污泥处理中的超声波与厌氧反应技术。在此基础上,以大庆油田含油污泥作为研究对象,通过实验的方法验证了超声波预处理—厌氧产甲烷的效果。期望能够对油田含油污泥的处理和产甲烷效果的提升有所帮助。     

含油污泥热化学分离剂及其使用方法

在油田的开发过程中，不可避免的会产生许多的含油污泥。本文从化学的角度解释了这种含油污泥的特性，介绍了几种利用热化学分离剂处理含油污泥的方法，并且对各种方法的优缺点进行探讨。     

安塞油田含油污泥处理技术浅析

随着油田开发进程的加快,含油污泥产出量日益增多,严重地污染了生态环境。采油污水渗入地面致使土壤受到污染,而被污染的土壤中含有烃类、苯系物、酚类、蒽类等物质,对环境危害极大,必须对其进行处理。本文主要对常用含油污泥处理技术以及适用于安塞油田的含油污泥处理技术进行了介绍,并从技术先进性和经济性上进行了简要对比分析。     

含油污泥物化—生物联合处理技术研究

目前我厂含油污泥采取定点存放的方法,虽减轻了污染问题,但是治标不治本。该研究项目针对油田含油污泥日益增加带来的环境问题,引进先进的物理和生物处理技术,并根据油田实际情况优化和集成了处理工艺。通过超声波产生的空化效应对高含油污泥进行洗脱,减轻生物处理段的处理负荷的同时也回收了石油资源;生物处理后植物种植技术的引入,使含油污泥彻底达到无害化处理。该实验的成功将为油田含油污泥的无害化处理找到一条新的出路,为油田环境保护作出新的贡献。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。