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1.
《Planning》2015,(2)
目的了解冬春季节室内空气颗粒污染物污染水平。方法于2013年1—5月工作日期间在济南市某办公场所采用LD-5C(B)微电脑激光粉尘仪对室内空气颗粒物PM10、PM2.5进行监测。结果济南市冬春季节室内颗粒物PM2.5、PM10平均质量浓度分别为0.082、0.115 mg/m3;采暖期室内PM2.5、PM10的质量浓度(0.152、、0.191 mg/m3)高于非采暖期(0.050、、0.079 mg/m3),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);采暖期室内PM2.5/PM10为0.807,非采暖期PM2.5/PM10为0.598,差异有统计学意义(Z=4.917,P=0.001);室内外PM2.5相关系数r=0.878,P=0.001;室内外PM10相关系数r=0.701,P=0.001。结论济南市冬春季节室内颗粒物污染较重,室内外颗粒物质量浓度有较好的相关性,采暖对室内细颗粒物浓度影响较大。 相似文献
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《Planning》2018,(4)
本文以中国科技馆为例,结合博物馆类型建筑特点,监测分析了3个典型区域(展厅、公共空间、办公室)室内空气PM2.5整体水平;通过分析典型雾霾段室内外PM2.5浓度I/O值,研究各区域室内外PM2.5浓度关系;通过回归分析方法,拟合室内外PM2.5浓度线性方程,分析影响各区域浓度的因素。最后,根据测试结果及相关国内外研究成果提出治理中国科技馆PM2.5污染措施,旨在为博物馆类型建筑室内PM2.5污染研究及控制方法提供依据。 相似文献
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《暖通空调》2016,(6)
于2015年4—12月(除7,8月外,每月一周)实测了该幼儿园室内外PM2.5浓度,结果显示:室外PM2.5质量浓度中位值为60.6μg/m~3,室内PM2.5质量浓度中位值为32.5μg/m~3;室内外PM2.5浓度相关系数达0.74,检测期间平均约有52%的室外PM2.5通过建筑围护结构进入室内,室内55%的PM2.5变化由室外颗粒物源导致;实测期间,时均I/O值为0.69,变化范围为0.1~5.46;I/O值受室外PM2.5质量浓度的影响,随室外PM2.5质量浓度升高呈下降趋势,室外PM2.5浓度较高时,I/O值随换气次数减小而减小,室外PM2.5浓度较低时,I/O值随换气次数减小而增大;室外空气湿度与室内外PM2.5浓度正相关,室外风速与室内外PM2.5浓度负相关,而室外温度对室内外PM2.5浓度影响有限,但与I/O值正相关。 相似文献
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北京市某办公建筑夏冬季室内外PM_(2.5)浓度变化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了把握雾霾天气大气环境细颗粒物PM2.5浓度变化对室内环境的影响规律,项目组先后于2013年6月~8月(夏季)和2013年12月~2014年2月(冬季)对北京地区一办公建筑室内外细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度及I/O比值变化规律进行了实时监测。实测结果表明:1)在建筑外窗关闭、室内无其他污染源且机械通风系统关闭条件下,夏、冬季室内外PM2.5质量浓度的日变化规律均为夜间高白天低,周变化规律为周一~周五呈逐渐上升趋势;2)冬季各月的室内外PM2.5质量浓度水平均高于夏季各月的,对应的室内外PM2.5质量浓度I/O比值也是冬季高于夏季;3)室外风速和空气相对湿度与室内外PM2.5质量浓度存在明显的负相关,而室外空气温度与室内外PM2.5质量浓度水平的变化相关性不明显。 相似文献
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在灰霾天气条件下,对上海市某住宅建筑室内外PM2.5浓度进行了测量,研究了最小通风量(外门窗关闭)条件下,室内外PM2.5浓度随时间变化规律及其相关性。研究结果显示,无明显室内污染源时,室内外PM2.5浓度平均I/O比值为0.67±0.17。这表明,在近期上海冬季灰霾天气下,即使门窗关闭保持最小换气次数,室内人员暴露的室外PM2.5浓度可能仍然相当高;进而计算了典型活动模式下人员PM2.5吸入暴露量。结果表明,成人的全天总吸入暴露量要高于老人和儿童,人员室内总吸入暴露量占全日吸入暴露量比重较大,最大可达80%。 相似文献
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对上海市某住宅建筑室内外PM10、PM2.5、PM1的浓度进行了测量,研究了最小通风量(外门窗关闭)条件下3种天气时颗粒浓度随时间变化的规律以及相关性,分析了颗粒物浓度与环境温湿度参数之间的关系。研究结果显示,测试期间,室内外空气中细颗粒(PM 2.5)占可吸入颗粒(PM 10)浓度比例分别达65%和87%以上;无明显室内源时,I/O比值小于1且随粒径减小而减小;室内外颗粒浓度相关性与粒径大小有关系,PM1、PM2.5的浓度相关性大于PM10。研究还表明,颗粒物浓度的关联性与天气状况有关系,多云、雨天和阴天时浓度关联性有显著差别;颗粒物的浓度受到室内外温湿度的影响,且受天气状况影响而呈现复杂性。 相似文献
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《建筑热能通风空调》2016,(5)
本文采用TSI AM-510型智能防爆粉尘检测仪和TSI Aero Trak TM 8220型激光粒子计数器对北京市西城区三个服装市场的室内、室外PM10的质量浓度和数量浓度进行了现场测试,并评价可吸入颗粒物的浓度水平和污染特征,分析室内外颗粒物之间的相关性及其影响因素。结果表明:1PM10是服装市场室外大气及室内环境的主要污染物。服装市场在室外颗粒物PM10质量浓度超标的情况下(0.15 mg/m~3),室内颗粒物PM10与标准相比的合格率为30%,在室外PM10质量浓度0.15 mg/m~3的情况下,室内PM10的合格率为92.2%。2服装市场室内外颗粒物浓度水平之间存在密切的相关性。室外颗粒物是室内颗粒污染的主要来源,室内颗粒物浓度随室外浓度变化而变化,且吸烟和人员活动是服装市场可吸入颗粒物的重要室内污染源。3对于颗粒物数量浓度比,室内室外PM1/PM10、PM2.5/PM10、PM1/PM2.5的比值都在0.99以上,表明可吸入颗粒物中的绝大部分都是粒径小于2.5μm的可吸入肺颗粒物,对人体健康具有更大危害。 相似文献
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灰霾天气条件下上海地区冬季居住环境PM2.5浓度及呼吸暴露分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在灰霾天气条件下,对上海市某住宅建筑室内外PM2.5浓度进行了测量,研究了最小通风量(外门窗关闭)条件下,室内外PM拍浓度随时间变化规律及其相关性。研究结果显示,无明显室内污染源时,室内外PM2.5浓度平均I/0比值为0.67±0.17。这表明,在近期上海冬季灰霾天气下,即使门窗关闭保持最小换气次数,室内人员暴露的室外PM2.5浓度可能仍然相当高;进而计算了典型活动模式下人员PM2.5吸入暴露量。结果表明,成人的全天总吸入暴露量要高于老人和儿童,人员室内总吸入暴露量占全日吸入暴露量比重较大,最大可达80%。 相似文献
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Nerriere E Guegan H Bordigoni B Hautemaniere A Momas I Ladner J Target A Lameloise P Delmas V Personnaz MB Koutrakis P Zmirou-Navier D 《The Science of the total environment》2007,373(1):49-56
The spatial distribution of urban population exposures to ambient air particles was investigated as part of the Genotox'ER study conducted in four metropolitan areas (Grenoble, Paris, Rouen and Strasbourg) in France. In each city, 60 to 90 non-smoking adult and children volunteers were selected. Subjects lived in three different urban sectors: one highly exposed to traffic emissions, one influenced by local industrial sources, and a background urban environment. The Harvard Chempass multi-pollutant personal sampler was used to sample PM10 and PM2.5 particles during 48 h during two different seasons ('hot' and 'cold'). The elemental composition of the filters was analysed by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Sixteen elements were found to be over the method detection limits: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. The relative concentrations of elements of crustal origin (Si, Al, Ca) were higher in the coarse fraction of PM10 filters, while elements associated with combustion processes (traffic emissions or industrial combustion) presented higher relative concentrations in the PM2.5 fraction (S, Ni, V, Pb). Spatial heterogeneity of elemental exposures by urban sector is substantial for some metals of health concern, with 20% to 90% greater exposure values, on average, in the traffic proximity or industrial sectors, compared to the background sector, for Fe, Zn, Cu, V and Cr. This spatial heterogeneity should not be overlooked in epidemiological or risk assessment studies. 相似文献
15.
以某大型建设项目的项目管理模式为案例进行分析,通过分析该项目特殊性和IPMT项目管理模式的实施形式以及优缺点,为国内同类型项目的项目管理工作提供一些经验. 相似文献
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PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected in the indoor environments of four hospitals and their adjacent outdoor environments in Guangzhou, China during the summertime. The concentrations of 18 target elements in particles were also quantified. The results showed that indoor PM2.5 levels with an average of 99 microg m(-3) were significantly higher than outdoor PM2.5 standard of 65 microg m(-3) recommended by USEPA [United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Fact Sheet. EPA's Revised Particulate Matter Standards, 17, July 1997] and PM2.5 constituted a large fraction of indoor respirable particles (PM10) by an average of 78% in four hospitals. High correlation between PM2.5 and PM10 (R(2) of 0.87 for indoors and 0.90 for outdoors) suggested that PM2.5 and PM10 came from similar particulate emission sources. The indoor particulate levels were correlated with the corresponding outdoors (R(2) of 0.78 for PM2.5 and 0.67 for PM10), demonstrating that outdoor infiltration could lead to direct transportation into indoors. In addition to outdoor infiltration, human activities and ventilation types could also influence indoor particulate levels in four hospitals. Total target elements accounted for 3.18-5.56% of PM2.5 and 4.38-9.20% of PM10 by mass, respectively. Na, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and Ti were found in the coarse particles, while K, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb, As and Se existed more in the fine particles. The average indoor concentrations of total elements were lower than those measured outdoors, suggesting that indoor elements originated mainly from outdoor emission sources. Enrichment factors (EF) for trace element were calculated to show that elements of anthropogenic origins (Zn, Pb, As, Se, V, Ni, Cu and Cd) were highly enriched with respect to crustal composition (Al, Fe, Ca, Ti and Mn). Factor analysis was used to identify possible pollution source-types, namely street dust, road traffic and combustion processes. 相似文献
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Yuan Shao Lucy Kavi Meleah Boyle Lydia M. Louis Walkiria Pool Stephen B. Thomas Sacoby Wilson Ana M. Rule Lesliam Quiros-Alcala 《Indoor air》2021,31(4):1144-1153
Hairdressers are exposed to particulate matter (PM), a known air pollutant linked to adverse health effects. Still, studies on occupational PM exposures in hair salons are sparse. We characterized indoor air PM concentrations in three salons primarily serving an African/African American (AA) clientele, and three Dominican salons primarily serving a Latino clientele. We also assessed the performance of low-cost sensors (uRAD, Flow, AirVisual) by comparing them to high-end sensors (DustTrak) to conduct air monitoring in each salon over 3 days to quantify work shift concentrations of PM2.5, respirable PM (RPM), and PM10. We observed high spatial and temporal variability in 30-min time-weighted average (TWA) RPM concentrations (0.18–5518 μg/m3). Readings for the uRAD and AirVisual sensors were highly correlated with the DustTrak (R2 = 0.90–0.99). RPM 8-hour TWAs ranged from 18 to 383 µg/m3 for AA salons, and 9–2115 µg/m3 for Dominican salons. Upper 95th percentiles of daily RPM exposures ranged from 439 to 2669 µg/m3. The overall range of 30-min TWA PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations was 0.13–5497 and 0.36-,541 μg/m3, respectively. Findings suggest that hairdressers could be overexposed to RPM during an 8-hour shift. Additional comprehensive monitoring studies are warranted to further characterize temporal and spatial variability of PM exposures in this understudied occupational population. 相似文献
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一直以来,绿地系统都是城市户外
公共活动、文化展示、景观美化等功能的重
要载体。此外,基于景观生态学的绿地系统
研究使其生态调节功能进一步强化。作为城
市的主要户外公共空间,城市绿地的空气质
量关乎整个城市居民的健康,虽然已有部分
研究开始初步探索城市绿地在消减空气颗
粒物上的作用,但仍缺乏更加系统性的对比
研究,以揭示不同绿地类型中绿地率、植物
群落结构等特征对空气颗粒物的不同消减
效应。本文采用定量测定的方法,对重庆市
典型的绿地类型进行全年的测试分析。研究
表明:绿地率最高的公园绿地对于空气颗粒
物的消减率最明显;在一年四季中,TSP在夏
季的消减率最高,PM 10 的消减率春季最高,
PM 2.5 的消减率冬季最高;在不同空气颗粒物
的消减率对比分析中,各种城市绿地对TSP
的消减率最高,能达到15%以上,对PM 2.5 的
消减率最低,在夏季甚至出现负值。由此可见,城市绿地对总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和粗颗粒物(PM 10 )都具有很好的消减效果,但是在对细
颗粒物(PM 2.5 )的消减效果则不明显。 相似文献
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构成城市肌理的普遍街区的空间形态与颗粒物浓度存在显著差异。基于武汉市18个空气质量监测点的PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)数据与二维、三维街区形态指标,揭示不同街区形态与PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)之间的深层关系规律,以期为城市规划管控提供参考。双变量相关分析与一元回归分析揭示了街区形态与PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的相关性及其影响规律,多元线性回归分析揭示不同街区形态对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)变化的贡献度。结果表明,街区之间的平均PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度分别在城市平均水平55%~106%、59%~117%之间浮动,绿化覆盖率、道路面积率和相对高程对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)具有显著影响,相对高程与绿化覆盖率对PM_(10)变化的贡献度达83.0%,绿化覆盖率对PM_(2.5)变化的贡献度达72.5%,道路面积率对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)变化的贡献度分别为17.0%、27.5%。 相似文献