原昧酸豆乳的研制

研究了以鲜牛乳、大豆、花生为原料生产原味酸豆乳的最适发酵条件和最佳配方。结果表明,乳糖添加量1．0％,40℃发酵5h,单硬脂酸甘油脂的添加量为0．1％,豆乳：牛乳为3：4,蔗糖的添加量为8％,L-半胱氨酸的添加量为5％时,原味酸豆乳的感官评价最佳。     

番杏鸡蛋酸奶的研制

以番杏汁、鸡蛋、鲜牛乳为主要原料,通过乳酸菌发酵,制得保健型番杏鸡蛋酸奶。通过正交法确定番杏在90℃,0．5％CaCl2水溶液中漂烫2min后榨汁,鲜牛奶中加入8％番杏汁、6％鸡蛋、5％白砂糖、0．015％黄原胶、0．02％PGA、0．05％CMC,3％发酵剂,42℃条件下发酵4h,制得的酸奶色香味具佳。     

燕麦β-葡聚糖酸奶的研制

将牛乳与燕麦β-葡聚糖提取物混合，经发酵制成酸奶，对混合发酵液比例等工艺参数进行了研究。结果表明，牛乳与1．5％的燕麦β-葡聚糖比例为2．5：1、接种量3％、CMC添加量为0．1％、在42℃发酵5h，可得到感官、组织状态良好的发酵型酸乳。     

玉米、花生发酵营养酸奶的研制

以玉米、花生、鲜牛乳为原料 ,以乳酸菌和双岐杆菌为发酵菌 ,发酵研制了一种营养丰富、具有玉米风味和花生香味的发酵酸奶     

玉米、花生发酵酸奶的研制

以玉米、花生、鲜牛乳为原料，以乳酸菌和双歧杆菌为发酵菌，发酵研制了一种营养丰富、具有玉米风味和花生香味的发酵酸奶。     

果汁添加量对果汁酸奶风味的影响

以鲜牛乳、苹果汁为主要原料,以混合乳酸菌为发酵剂,采用单因素和正交试验,以产品风味和沉淀率为指标,对果汁酸奶的果汁添加量及稳定性进行研究。结果表明:①在发酵后将果汁和稳定剂加入到搅拌后的酸奶中,所得产品质地均匀,口感细腻,无分层,无乳清析出;②酸奶中添加0．10％的 PGA,0．25％的耐酸CMC和高达35％的苹果汁,可获得酸奶香味与苹果香味协调又能稳定贮存的活性苹果汁酸奶,该果汁酸奶可稳定贮存18天。     

新型保健鸡蛋黄酸奶的研制

以鸡蛋黄液、鲜牛乳为主要原料,通过乳酸菌发酵,制得保健型鸡蛋黄酸奶.正交试验结果表明,当蛋黄液加入量为15％,发酵剂接种量为4％,酸奶稳定剂的添加量为0.3％,白砂糖添加量为9％,在40℃条件下,发酵5h可获得橙黄色,均匀细腻,具有蛋黄特有的鲜香气味,色、香、味具佳的蛋黄酸奶,其酸度为95°T,乳酸菌活菌数为6.2× 108cfu/mL.     

东北红菇娘酸奶的工艺研究

以红菇娘和鲜牛乳为主要原料,通过乳酸菌发酵,并利用单因素和正交试验设计[1],确定该酸奶最佳配方工艺条件为:红菇娘浆40％,蔗糖8％,接种量4％(均为质量分数),40℃发酵5h,研制成了风味独特,酸甜适度的红菇娘酸奶.     

混合果肉酸奶的研制

在酸奶技术的基础上,将猕猴桃与鲜牛乳的混合液接入乳酸菌发酵。采用单因素实验设计和正交实验设计,用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合发酵猕猴桃牛乳混合液,以乳清析出率、酸度和感官质量评定为依据,筛选出产品的最佳配方工艺条件为鲜牛乳81.7%、猕猴桃8%、另加蜂蜜量4%、稳定剂0.32%、发酵接种量3.0%、41℃下发酵6h,而后添加3%的葡萄干、0～4℃下后熟12h。该果肉酸奶的感官评定值可达91～95。     

以牛乳和大豆乳为原料混合发酵酸乳的研究

研究了以牛乳和大豆乳为原料，以保加利亚乳酸杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂混合发酵制造酸乳。结果表明，将豆乳与牛乳以3：l的质量比混合，加入12％的白砂糖、和0．3％的乳化稳定剂，l：l的菌种比例，5％的接种量，在42℃下发酵3．5h，可得到优质的复合酸奶。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the