一种结合项目属性的混合推荐算法

传统的协同过滤推荐算法中仅仅根据评分矩阵进行推荐,由于矩阵的稀疏性,存在推荐质量不高的问题.本文提出了一种结合项目属性相似性的混合推荐算法,该算法通过计算项目之间属性的相似性,并且与基于项目的协同过滤算法中的相似性动态结合,通过加权因子的变化控制两种相似性的比重来改善协同过滤中的稀疏性问题,并且将综合预测评分和基于用户的协同过滤预测评分相结合来提高推荐质量,最终根据综合评分来进行推荐.通过实验数据实验证明,该算法解决了协同过滤算法的矩阵稀疏性问题.     

多属性协同过滤推荐在物流配送服务平台的应用

为了帮助用户选择尽可能满足其个性化偏好的物流配送服务,结合配送服务的多属性评分特点,本文构建了基于多属性协同过滤的推荐算法,对传统协同过滤算法进行了延伸与改进,首先预测目标用户对候选服务各属性的评分值,通过引入服务的个性化特征因子减小热门服务对用户相似度计算的误差,考虑到用户的服务属性评分存在波动性,使用信息熵将用户历史评分均值与协同过滤得到的预测值相结合进行修正,然后基于同一用户对不同属性评分波动性的差异,计算得到用户对服务所有属性的评分预测权重,将各属性的评分预测值与对应权重加权求和进行服务推荐.对配送服务交易的评分数据样本进行实验验证,在准确率和平均绝对误差指标上有较好的表现,将算法应用于物流配送服务平台,构建推荐系统,能够提高平台个性化服务能力.     

.一种优化的基于项目评分预测的协同过滤推荐算法*

通过分析在用户评分数据极端稀疏的情况下,现有的基于项目评分预测的协同过滤推荐算法中项目之间的相似性度量不准确以及新项目的冷开始问题,提出了一种优化的基于项目评分预测的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法在计算项目之间的相似性时,既考虑了项目的评分相似性,又考虑了项目的特征属性相似性。实验表明,优化后的算法使计算出的项目之间的相似性更准确,并有效地解决了新项目的推荐问题,使得数据稀疏性对推荐结果的负面影响变小,显著提高了系统的推荐质量。     

融合本体语义与用户属性的协同过滤算法

传统协同过滤推荐算法在处理海量数据时存在数据稀疏性和项目长尾效应,导致推荐精度较低。针对该问题,结合本体语义和用户属性,提出一种改进的协同过滤算法。利用本体计算项目之间的语义相似度,构建项目相似度矩阵,同时引入用户属性计算用户相似度矩阵。通过融合本体语义和用户属性形成用户-项目评分矩阵,并对该矩阵的预测评分进行加权处理,生成TOP-N推荐结果。实验结果表明,相比传统皮尔逊相似度计算协同过滤算法、基于本体语义的协同过滤算法和基于评分矩阵填充与用户兴趣的协同过滤算法,该算法的平均绝对误差较低,准确率较高,综合性能及新颖度较优。     

一种融合用户与项目属性的协同过滤算法的设计与实现

针对传统的协同过滤算法存在数据稀疏、冷启动、推荐精度低等问题,提出一种充分融合用户与项目属性的协同过滤算法。利用项目属性和用户属性分别对用户相似度和项目相似度计算方法进行改进,并将用户和项目协同过滤进行组合加权,提高预测兴趣度的准确度。引入用户属性-项目类型偏好权重因子,利用天牛须搜索方法对兴趣度计算方法进行改进。实验结果表明:该算法能有效地缓解冷启动、数据稀疏对推荐系统的影响,且推荐精度有一定的提高。与传统的项目和用户协同过滤算法相比,召回率分别提高了8.65%和3.39%。     

基于用户特征和项目属性的协同过滤推荐算法

在数据极度稀疏的环境下,仅仅依赖用户直接评分数据的传统协同过滤算法无法取得满意的推荐质量。提出基于用户特征和项目属性的协同过滤算法,在用户相似性计算过程中引入时间相关的兴趣度,使得最近邻的确定更加准确;预测评分时,通过衡量用户信任度来体现各邻居对目标用户最终推荐的贡献程度,并以用户对项目属性的偏好度代替评分数据对新项目进行推荐。基于MovieLens数据集进行的实验结果表明,改进后的算法有效解决了系统冷启动问题,明显提高了系统推荐的准确度。     

基于用户特征属性和云模型的协同过滤推荐算法

随着数据的极端稀疏性,仅仅依赖于传统的协同过滤相似性的度量方法已无法取得精确的推荐结果。针对这一问题,提出基于用户特征属性和云模型的协同过滤算法。首先,算法利用云模型计算用户评分云相似性,结合用户打分偏好对原矩阵进行填充,在此基础上得到用户的评分云相似性;其次,再结合用户特征属性相似性通过加权因子计算用户的最终相似性,得到一种新的相似性度量方法;最后,得到算法的评分预测。实验结果表明,该方法能够提高推荐质量。     

一种基于项目属性评分的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤是电子商务推荐系统中应用最成功的推荐技术之一,但面临着严峻的用户评分数据稀疏性和推荐精度低等问题。针对数据稀疏性高和单一评分导致的推荐精度低等问题,提出一种基于项目属性评分的协同过滤推荐算法。首先通过均值法或缩放法构造用户-项目属性评分矩阵将单一评分转化为多评分;其次基于每个属性评分矩阵,计算用户间的偏好相似度,得到目标用户的偏好最近邻居集;然后针对每个最近邻居集,在用户-项目评分矩阵上完成对目标用户的初步评分预测;最后,将多个初步预测评分加权求和作为综合评分,完成推荐。在Movie Lens扩展数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高推荐精度。     

融合用户偏好和多交互网络的协同过滤算法

推荐系统中的辅助信息可以为推荐提供有用的帮助,而传统的协同过滤算法在计算用户相似度时对辅助信息的利用率低,数据稀疏性大,导致推荐的精度偏低.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种融合用户偏好和多交互网络的协同过滤算法(NIAP-CF).该算法首先根据评分矩阵和项目属性特征矩阵挖掘出用户的项目属性偏好信息,然后使用SBM方法计算用户间的项目属性偏好相似度,并用其改进用户相似度计算公式.在进行评分预测时,构建融合用户-项目属性偏好信息的多交互神经网络预测模型,使用动态权衡参数综合由用户相似度计算出的预测评分和模型的预测评分来进行项目推荐.本文使用MovieLens数据集进行实验验证,实验结果表明改进算法能够提高推荐的精度,降低评分预测的MAE和RMSE值.     

结合用户聚类和项目类型的协同过滤算法

为了解决协同过滤算法中数据稀疏性问题,提高推荐效果,提出一种改进的协同过滤算法.该算法首先通过一种新的相似度计算方法来计算项目类型相似度,将相似度大于某阈值的项目作为目标项目的邻居;然后根据目标用户对邻居项目的评分信息来预测该用户对目标项目的评分值,并将预测值填入稀疏的用户项目评分矩阵;最后对填充后的评分矩阵采用基于用户聚类（K-means聚类）的协同过滤算法做出最终的预测评分进行推荐.在Movielens数据集上进行实验验证,结果表明该算法能够很好地缓解数据稀疏性、降低计算复杂度,提高推荐精度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。