玉米肽对小鼠酒精性脑损伤的保护作用及其机制

建立小鼠慢性酒精性脑损伤模型,研究玉米肽对酒精性脑损伤的保护作用。将ICR小鼠随机分为 5 组,分别为正常对照组、慢性酒精性脑损伤模型组、玉米肽高剂量组（2 g/kg）、玉米肽中剂量组（1 g/kg）、玉米肽低剂量组（0.5 g/kg）。采用直接饮用酒精溶液法建立小鼠慢性酒精性脑损伤模型,同时实验组小鼠给予玉米肽,连续5个月,实验结束后取脑组织,进行病理组织学观察,同时采用酶联免疫试剂盒检测各组小鼠脑组织中氧化应激相关指标和促炎细胞因子水平,此外还测定了小鼠脑组织中部分凋亡相关指标。结果表明：脑病理组织学显示玉米肽低、中、高剂量组能够不同程度地减轻酒精对小鼠脑组织的损伤作用;氧化应激指标表明玉米肽能够提高小鼠脑组织中GSH含量,增加GST、GSH-Px和T-SOD活性,降低MDA含量,减少细胞中ROS含量（P<0.05）;此外玉米肽还能够显著降低小鼠脑组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IFN-γ、TGF-β1和NF-κB水平（P<0.05）。玉米肽不仅通过调节酒精引起的神经细胞氧化应激,而且通过下调促炎细胞因子水平而改善小鼠酒精性脑损伤。     

玉米肽对慢性酒精中毒小鼠认知损伤的改善作用北大核心CSCD

研究玉米肽对慢性酒精中毒小鼠认知损伤的影响。选取80只ICR小鼠,随机分为5组,分别为正常对照组、慢性酒精性脑损伤模型组(酒精模型组)、玉米肽高剂量组(2 g/kg)、玉米肽中剂量组(1 g/kg)、玉米肽低剂量组(0.5 g/kg)。首先进行神经行为学实验(Morris水迷宫实验和避暗实验),然后检测各组小鼠脑组织中多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量以及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性,并取大脑海马组织进行病理组织学观察。结果表明:Morris水迷宫实验中,与酒精模型组相比,玉米肽中、高剂量组小鼠的逃避潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.05),有效区域进入次数显著增加(P<0.05),玉米肽中剂量组有效区域运动时间显著延长(P<0.05);避暗实验表明,玉米肽各剂量组均能显著降低小鼠酒后进入暗箱的错误次数,延长逃避潜伏期(P<0.05);脑病理组织学显示,玉米肽中、高剂量组能够不同程度地减轻酒精对海马组织的损伤;脑组织中神经递质含量分析发现,玉米肽可调节酒后脑组织中5-HT、DA含量以及NOS的活性,但对酒精导致的AChE活性和GABA含量升高没有下调作用。综上所述,玉米肽可改善小鼠酒后脑组织中部分相关神经递质紊乱导致的细胞和突触功能障碍,从而减轻酒精引起的认知损伤。     

玉米肽对急性酒精中毒大鼠的作用研究

目的:研究评价玉米肽对大鼠急性酒精中毒的影响。方法:设置独立的4个实验项目,每个项目设酒精对照组和3种剂量玉米肽干预组,每组6—8只,共154只,以乙醇5g/kg·bw剂量灌胃造成大鼠急性酒精中毒(翻正反射消失实验为8g/kg·bw)。10min后干预组给予玉米肽,对照组给予蒸馏水,进行翻正反射消失实验、转棒实验、攀附实验、多时点血中乙醇的检测。结果:玉米肽干预了减少急性酒精中毒大鼠翻正反射消失的比例,同时降低大鼠血液中乙醇的浓度,但是爬网时间和转棒停留时间没有观察到显著的变化。结论:玉米肽对急性酒精中毒大鼠具有一定的保护作用。     

蜂王浆对D-半乳糖衰老模型大鼠学习记忆行为的影响

以成年SD大鼠为实验材料,采用D-半乳糖连续腹腔注射制作亚急性衰老的大鼠模型,造模成功后连续灌胃蜂王浆,运用Morris水迷宫观察各组大鼠的空间学习记忆行为;荧光分光光度法检测各组大鼠脑组织中单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)的含量;检测各组大鼠脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果显示：D-半乳糖衰老模型大鼠的空间学习记忆能力明显下降,与正常组大鼠相比,潜伏期由15.52s延长至21.62s,在探索实验中,穿过原站台的次数明显减少,由7.5次减少至4.25次(P＜0.05),游泳轨迹类型发生明显变化;与正常组相比模型大鼠脑组织中NE、DA含量显著降低,SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。蜂王浆组大鼠空间学习记忆能力明显提高,与模型组相比,潜伏期由21.62s缩短至14.34s(P＜0.05);其中脑组织NE、DA含量提高,与模型组相比,低剂量组有显著性差异(P＜0.05),高剂量组有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);SOD活性显著增高,MDA含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。结果表明：蜂王浆可提高模型大鼠的空间学习记忆能力及脑组织中单胺类神经递质的含量、SOD活性,降低MDA含量。由此推测,蜂王浆可调节神经递质的合成及提高学习记忆能力,具有良好的延缓衰老、提高记忆的保健作用。     

玉米肽对慢性酒精中毒小鼠免疫功能的影响

为研究玉米肽对慢性酒精中毒小鼠免疫功能的影响,以昆明小鼠为实验动物,设玉米肽低、中、高剂量组,正常对照组和酒精模型组,连续饲喂5个月,然后测定实验小鼠免疫器官指数和血清细胞因子水平,以及血清和肝脏组织中氧化应激相关指标,并取脾脏和胸腺制作HE病理学组织切片,观察组织病变程度,评价其免疫功能。结果显示,玉米肽可改善慢性酒精中毒小鼠的脾脏和胸腺的损伤状况,其改善效果与剂量呈正相关,玉米肽还可显著提高小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、IFN-γ、SOD水平,降低血清及肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05)。长期酒精饲喂可导致小鼠免疫功能降低,玉米肽能够通过调节细胞因子水平以及改善机体氧化应激状态增强机体免疫功能。     

原花青素白藜芦醇浆对大鼠酒精性脑损伤的预防性保护作用研究

以50只SD大鼠为实验对象,随机均分为正常对照组、模型组、原花青素白藜芦醇浆低、中、高剂量[0.5、1.5、4.5 g/(kg·bw)]干预组。除正常对照组给予等量生理盐水灌胃外,其余各组采用52°白酒灌胃建立酒精性脑损伤大鼠模型,同时灌胃给予相应剂量的原花青素白藜芦醇浆,每天1次。灌胃8 d后,通过计算体重增长幅度,检测大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,脑组织中SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-三磷酸腺苷酶(adenosine triphosphate,ATPase)活性,抑制羟自由基能力,MDA、钙离子(Ca~(2+))含量,分析不同剂量的原花青素白藜芦醇浆对酒精性脑损伤大鼠的作用。结果表明:原花青素白藜芦醇浆能对抗并清除自由基,提高SOD、GSH-Px和Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性,提高抑制羟自由基能力,降低大鼠血清MDA和脑MDA、Ca~(2+)含量,减轻精神、行为障碍,减弱酒精对食欲和胃肠消化的不利影响,对酒精性脑损伤起到预防性保护作用。     

玉米肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护机制研究

为了研究玉米肽对酒精性肝损伤的作用机制,本研究以无水乙醇制造急性酒精性肝损伤模型,观察玉米肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。结果表明:玉米肽能显著降低酒精性肝损伤模型小鼠血清AKP、ALT、AST的活性以及胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量;降低肝组织MDA的含量,显著提高肝脏GSH的含量和抗氧化酶SOD、GST、CAT的活性,改善肝组织损伤程度。由此可知,玉米肽可显著降低乙醇对肝脏的损伤,对酒精性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

人参低聚肽对急性酒精中毒大鼠的保护作用研究

目的:探讨吉林人参低聚肽(GOP)对酒精诱导的大鼠急性酒精中毒的防治作用及其可能机制。方法:采用SPF级SD雄性大鼠,随机分为7组,每组10只,包括1个空白对照组、1个模型对照组、1个乳清蛋白对照组(0.250 0g/kg)和4个GOP剂量组(0.062 5、0.125 0、0.250 0、0.500 0g/kg)。连续灌胃30d后,采用体积分数50%的酒精以7g/kg BW剂量灌胃,观察大鼠翻正反射,测定大鼠血清ALT、AST、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C的含量,及肝组织ADH与大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平。结果:与模型对照组相比,人参低聚肽干预组大鼠翻正反射消失的比率、血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的水平明显降低(P0.05),血清ALT、AST及肝组织ADH活性显著升高(P0.05),但TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C含量与模型对照组相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:人参低聚肽可有效保护机体免受急性酒精中毒的伤害和防治急性肝损伤。     

茶橘片对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用研究

本论文通过建立小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤、大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤动物模型,考察了沙田柚皮和茶叶提取物的配伍制备茶橘片对急慢性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。50%乙醇(0.01mL/g)灌胃小鼠,每天给予两次,共10d,可成功建立小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型。结果表明:与模型组比较,茶橘片(100mg/kg、300mg/kg、900mg/kg)剂量能显著降低血清TG含量,减少肝组织MDA的生成,提高GSH-ST的活性,呈剂量依赖关系(P<0.001)。采用酒精灌胃(50%乙醇,4g/kg),喂养高脂饲料,腹腔注射微量CCl4(25%CCl4-花生油溶液,0.1mL/kg)的方法八周可成功建立慢性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型。与模型组比较,茶橘片(70mg/kg、210mg/kg、630mg/kg)可显著降低血清ALT水平,增加血清ALB含量,减少肝组织MDA及CHO的生成,增加SOD的活性,呈剂量依赖关系(P<0.001)。茶橘片由于富含天然黄酮类活性物质能够减轻酒精对脂肪代谢的影响,对急慢性酒精性肝损伤起保护作用。     

茶氨酸复合剂对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝脏保护作用研究

研究茶氨酸复合剂对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝脏的保护作用。采用小剂量50%乙醇每日1次灌胃1个月建立大鼠慢性酒精肝损伤(AIL)模型;正常大鼠作为空白组;除正常组外,其余各组以等体积50%乙醇每日1次灌胃1个月;对照组以市售海王星辰(HWXC)1.5g/kg,茶氨酸复合剂低、中、高剂量组分别为0.1、0.2、0.4g/kg的剂量灌胃,1次/d,连续1个月;以大鼠血液ALT、AST、TG和肝脏病理检查为主要衡量指标,观察其对肝脏的保护作用。结果显示茶氨酸复合剂各组与模型组相比大鼠血液ALT、AST、TG含量显著降低,病理检查HE染色显示肝内脂变显著减轻,表明茶氨酸复合剂对酒精性肝损伤大鼠的肝脏具有保护作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press