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1.
Rethinking the paradigm of service internationalisation: Less resource-intensive market entry modes for information-intensive soft services 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David A. Ball Valerie J. Lindsay Elizabeth L. Rose 《Management International Review》2008,48(4):413-431
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | The service sector is becoming increasingly important in the global economy; this is especially true for ‘soft’ services involved in providing information and knowledge-based solutions. It has been suggested that soft service firms are restricted to internationalising through market entry modes requiring substantial resource commitment, such as wholly owned subsidiaries and equity based joint ventures. We argue that this assessment is based on overly simplistic assumptions regarding the characteristics of these information-intensive soft service firms. |
| • | Focusing on the nature of the value-adding activities and operations of these firms, an information transformation model is proposed to describe the value creation process for information-intensive soft service firms. |
| • | Using the model to represent different types of internationalisation situations yields 10 lower-involvement approaches available to information-intensive soft service firms seeking to enter foreign markets. |
2.
Laszlo Tihanyi Robert E. Hoskisson Richard A. Johnson William P. Wan 《Management International Review》2009,49(4):409-431
| • | This paper shows that the role of managerial incentives is highlighted by a relatively complex relationship between technological competence and international diversification. By studying a sample of Standard & Poor’s 500 member firms, we explore the relationships between technological competence, managerial pay, and international diversification. |
| • | Results indicated a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U-shape) between technological competence and international diversification. |
| • | In line with agency theory, contingent pay (stock options and bonuses) was positively related to international diversification. |
| • | Beyond these direct effects, both contingent and non-contingent pay (cash compensation) moderated the relationship between technological competence and international diversification. |
3.
| • | We examine the role of stakeholders as an influence in the practice of portfolio restructuring. We contend that with the presence and creation of new legal arrangements and regulations, portfolio restructuring achieved widespread usage, but only when the initiatives were consistent with the interests of the most powerful social actors in a firm. |
| • | Building on a stakeholder power approach to corporate governance, we examine whether the interests of relational banks, managers, and business groups were consistent with the practices of portfolio restructuring we observed in Japanese firms in the 1998 to 2005 period. |
| • | Regressions using data on 174 Japanese machinery firms lend support to predictions that portfolio restructuring increases in frequency with the extent to which business groups’ strategies are facilitated and decreases with the degree to which banks’ interests are protected. The association between the frequency of portfolio restructuring and managerial interests depends on the level of managerial ownership. |
4.
| • | Employing detailed industry-level data, this paper examines the country-of-origin effects of foreign direct investment in China. |
| • | The analysis demonstrates that there are significant differences in behaviour between investors from non-Chinese Western (NCW) source countries and those from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (HMT). |
| • | The findings show that NCW investors target local market, while HMT investors are export-oriented. Furthermore, NCW firms are more responsive to local labour quality and technological capability than their HMT counterparts. |
5.
A new perspective on the regional and global strategies of multinational services firms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | We explore the differences in international strategy between multinational enterprises (MNEs) in services and manufacturing, especially in terms of their international diversification, as measured by their sales and asset dispersion. |
| • | Our longitudinal data show that the largest MNEs in services have a much stronger home-region orientation than manufacturing MNEs. Large MNEs in the services sector average 83.9 percent of their sales in their home region, which is significantly higher than large manufacturing firms at 65.6 percent. |
| • | We explore the possible reasons for the relative lack of globalization of services firms. The two main reasons are: the difficulty of adapting separately upstream activities and downstream activities in high distance host environments, and the difficulty of selecting activity locations as a function of supply side criteria. |
| • | We offer a refinement of regional strategy theory applicable to services MNEs. |
6.
Naveen Kumar Jain Sumit K. Kundu Fred A. Niederman 《Management International Review》2008,48(4):447-461
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | This conceptual paper examines the dynamics of the offshoring of information technology (IT) service work. It considers this important emerging phenomenon from multiple lenses, especially those of international business theories. |
| • | Research propositions are developed based on the perspectives of home country firms, host nation and the dynamic interactions between the two. Questions for future research are suggested. |
| • | Already established nations in the field get more opportunities than the new entrants to increase their competitiveness from experience-based knowledge gained as a result of the imitative actions of home country firms. |
7.
| • | Using a sample of 628 cross-border alliances established by emerging economies firms across 25 manufacturing and service industries in 64 host countries in the period 1995-2004, we investigate the effect of institutional factors on the adoption of equity alliance mode. |
| • | The findings of this study contribute to empirical research in institutional theory, institutional explanations of cross-border alliances and strategic behavior of emerging economies firms. |
| • | We find support for institutional explanations of the adoption of equity alliance mode by emerging economies firms. |
| • | We also find that institutional effects are contingent on the alliance location. When emerging economies firms establish alliances in developed host countries, their governance choice is most influenced by the normative pillar, followed by the cognitive pillar, with the regulatory pillar having a negligible effect. When the host countries are emerging economies, the regulatory pillar has the strongest influence followed by the cognitive pillar, with the normative pillar having an insignificant effect. |
8.
Experience of emerging market firms: The role of cognitive bias in developed market entry and survival 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Douglas E. Thomas Lorraine Eden Michael A. Hitt Stewart R. Miller 《Management International Review》2007,47(6):845-867
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | This paper draws on organizational learning theory to explain how experience influences the propensity for emerging market firms (using an event history analysis of a sample of Latin American firms during the 1990s) to enter developed markets, and their likelihood of survival. |
| • | We argue that developed market experience is positively related to emerging market firms’ entry and survival in developed markets; however, cognitive biases affect the roles played by other types of experience in entry decisions. |
| • | Alliance experience with developed market firms increases the likelihood of entry, but decreases the likelihood of survival. Failure experience in developed markets reduces the likelihood of entry, but increases the likelihood of survival. |
9.
| • | We pursue the previously-noted association between brands and counterfeiting one step further to examine the relationship between brand positioning and anti-counterfeiting, based on a study of 130 well-known foreign brands in China. |
| • | We test hypotheses about managerial perceptions as to the effects of different brand positioning strategies on the effectiveness of their actions to counter counterfeiting, in other words, whether branding positioning can help to stop counterfeiting, limit damage to firms and maintain brand reputation. |
| • | Our findings confirm that brand positioning affects anti-counterfeiting effectiveness. Specifically, product reliability and customer services are compatible with efforts to stop counterfeit production, but innovative technologies and product features and functions appear to exacerbate the problem. |
10.
| • | This paper examines the impact of corporate governance and institutional environments on the export behaviour of firms in emerging economies. We argue that the role of corporate governance should be analysed from both principal- agent and principal-principal perspectives. We hypothesise that institutional environments moderate the effects of corporate governance on export behaviour. |
| • | Analysis of a sample of Chinese listed firms supports our argument that outside directors and CEO shareholding help firms make export decisions, while the effects of ownership concentration may be non-monotonic. |
| • | Sample firms’ export propensity is higher the better the institutional environments of their locations. This positive effect of institutional environments comes both directly and from the moderating of the effects of corporate governance. |
11.
| • | Resource dependence theory was used to develop hypotheses on whether keiretsu affiliation, mutual dependence between the automaker core and supplier firms, and internationalization level of the affiliate firm have an effect on its performance. |
| • | The hypotheses were tested on archival data from the entire population of 470 first-tier automobile components suppliers in Japan. |
12.
Performance of Multinational Firms’ Subsidiaries: Influences of Cumulative Experience 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gerald Yong Gao Yigang Pan Jiangyong Lu Zhigang Tao 《Management International Review》2008,48(6):749-768
| • | In this study, we examine the impact of cumulative experience that arise from a series of sequential entries on the performance of foreign subsidiaries of multinational firms. Drawing upon the literature on organizational learning, we propose that multinational firms acquire different types of experience at the firm level, including general entry experience, entry specific experience, and exporting experience, which exert different influences on their performance. We also investigate the effect of experience on performance at the subsidiary level. |
| • | Using a dataset of 245 subsidiaries of 81 large U.S. firms in China, we find that firms’ entry specific experience, exporting experience, and subsidiary level experience exhibit significant effects on the return on sales of foreign subsidiaries. |
| • | Further, the effect of exporting experience gets weaker as firms accumulate more entry specific experience. Firms’ general entry experience, however, is not related to subsidiary performance. |
13.
| • | The process of foreign direct investment (FDI) is inherently uncertain as decisions surrounding investments are impacted by fragmented environments which offer contested views as to appropriate actions. |
| • | We propose a multi-level organizing framework of institutional influences on FDI and examine the differential effect of these forces at two points in time: Prior to a first investment and upon subsequent investments. |
| • | We posit that upon initial entry, firms are impacted primarily by coercive host country pressures, industry mimeticism, and internal firm norms. We expect these influences to change on subsequent entries with normative forces having the most salience. |
14.
| • | Analyzing the nature of competitive interaction among multinational firms in the tire industry, we find that the histories of the interactions between particular rivals matter. |
| • | The decision to enter a new foreign market in the era of global consolidation is related to the identities of rivals in the market, characteristics of the firm and the market, and the extent of past competitive interactions with the international pioneering firm. |
| • | Results suggest that, in an oligopolistic environment, aspects of multimarket competition are important to foreign direct investment decisions. |
15.
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | A two-step modelling strategy is applied to a panel of 5,861 foreign-invested and 7,697 indigenous Chinese firms for the period 1998–2001 to investigate whether export spillovers may represent a mechanism underpinning Dunning’s Trade Development Path hypothesis. |
| • | Such spillovers are found, and the results emphasize the importance of a wide spectrum of spillover channels involving labour mobility, spatial agglomeration, technological imitation and the diffusion of exporting experience. |
| • | Multinational enterprises in China positively affect local Chinese firms’ exports through various spillover channels, and inward FDI brings significant, indirect spillovers. |
16.
| • | Drawing on the transaction costs, strategic capability and the strategic cognition perspectives, our study seeks to examine whether and how firms’ strategic orientations at the business level influence the entry mode choices that firms make in accessing foreign markets. |
| • | The study uses a sample of 332 foreign market entries made by 62 U.S. based firms over a period of 6 years to test hypotheses linking firm business level strategy to the choice of foreign entry modes. |
| • | Findings indicate that Prospectors are more likely to choose equity-based foreign market entry modes than Defenders. In addition, Prospectors favor full-ownership entry modes, namely, greenfield investments and full acquisitions, over shared-ownership modes such as joint ventures and partial acquisitions. |
| Deepak K. DattaEmail: |
17.
Roberto Ragozzino 《Management International Review》2009,49(4):509-535
| • | This paper examines cross-border mergers and acquisitions undertaken by U.S. companies to determine whether geographic distance directly affects these firms’ governance decisions. |
| • | We find that U.S. firms tend to acquire higher stakes in geographically proximate targets than in remote ones. |
| • | The paper also investigates the moderating effect of geographic distance on cultural distance and political risk. We find that as these two hazards increase, acquirers prefer shared ownership for proximate deals, and full ownership for acquisitions of geographically distant targets. These findings indicate that the previously-reported effects of cultural distance and political risk on FDI are not absolute, but they are moderated by geographic distance. |
18.
| • | This paper examines the conditions under which corporate social responsibility (CSR) is related to value creation in the multinational enterprise (MNE). |
| • | Following prior work by Burke and Logsdon (1996), we examine the relationship of centrality, appropriability, proactivity, visibility, and voluntarism to value creation. |
| • | The results of a survey of 111 MNEs in Mexico suggest that centrality, visibility, and voluntarism are related to value creation. |
19.
Christos N. Pitelis 《Management International Review》2009,49(1):95-120
| • | We explore the role of foreign direct investment and (its relationship to) clusters for the competitiveness (and catching-up) of small(er) developing countries. |
| • | We suggest that while size per se need not matter, small(er) developing countries need to explicitly account for any liabilities of smallness when devising and implementing strategies for competitiveness and catching-up. |
| • | We claim that international strategic management scholarship can add insights on this important issue, by complementing extant literature and contributions by international trade and economic development scholarship. |
相似文献
20.
Christian Geisler Asmussen Torben Pedersen Bent Petersen 《Management International Review》2007,47(6):791-813
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | The IB literature informs us of several ways to measure firms’ degree of globalization. In this paper we make the argument that in fact none of the existing indices really measure firms’ degree of “global specialization”, that is, to what extent their allocation of resources is multidomestic or global. |
| • | In order to remedy this we introduce a complementary index measuring how firms are configuring their value chains — whether they are replicating value chain activities from country to country or locating them in globally specialized units in order to exploit an international division of labor. We then test this “global specialization” index empirically on a sample of Danish MNCs. |
| • | We find that the index is able to identify a distinct group of firms with significantly higher degrees of global value chain configuration. The firms in this group do not necessarily score high on conventional internationalization measures. |