粉末冶金颗粒增强钛基复合材料研究进展

颗粒增强钛基复合材料具有优异的力学性能，粉末冶金技术在制备颗粒增强钛基复合材料上有很大优势。本文从钛合金基材、颗粒增强相选择及制备工艺与性能等方面综述了粉末冶金颗粒增强钛基复合材料的研究进展，指出提高密度、降低成本是粉末冶金颗粒增强钛基复合材料的发展方向。     

The stress-corrosion cracking behavior of high-strength aluminum powder metallurgy alloys

The susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of rapidly solidified (RS) aluminum powder metallurgy (P/M) alloys 7090 and 7091, mechanically alloyed aluminum P/M alloy IN* 9052, and ingot metallurgy (I/M) alloys of similar compositions was compared using bolt-loaded double cantilever beam specimens. In addition, the effects of aging, grain size, grain boundary segregation, pre-exposure embrittlement, and loading mode on the SCC of 7091 were independently assessed. Finally, the data generated were used to elucidate the mechanisms of SCC in the three P/M alloys. The IN 9052 had the lowest SCC susceptibility of all alloys tested in the peak-strength condition, although no SCC was observed in the two RS alloys in the overaged condition. The susceptibility of the RS alloys was greater in the underaged than the peak-aged temper. We detected no significant differences in susceptibility of 7091 with grain sizes varying from 2 to 300 μm. Most of the crack advance during SCC of 7091 was by hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Furthermore, both RS alloys were found to be susceptible to preexposure embrittlement—also indicative of HE. The P/M alloys were less susceptible to SCC than the I/M alloys in all but one test.     

SiC粒度对铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响

本文采用冷压、加压烧结的方法制备了含Si C颗粒的铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料。研究了不同粒度规格(485μm~、250~830μm、180~380μm、150~180μm、75~150μm、~120μm)的Si C对某铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料密度、硬度、摩擦磨损性能等的影响。结果表明:Si C粒度的变化对铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料压坯密度、烧结后硬度及结合性影响较小;随着Si C粒径的减小,铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料的硬度、最大摩擦系数、最小摩擦系数和平均摩擦系数均逐渐减小,磨损量逐渐增大,力矩曲线波动逐渐变大;Si C粒度在180~830μm(-20+80目)时,铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料表现出较优异的摩擦磨损性能。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究进展

简要介绍了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的优点及几种制备方法,包括搅拌法、浸渗法、喷射法、粉末冶金法和固液分离法;并对其后热变形加工参数对复合材料的性能影响进行了论述;最后,展望了粉末冶金法制备铝基复合材料的发展前景。     

铁粉粒度对粉末冶金材料制动摩擦性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备含4种粒度(20μm、30μm、50μm、70μm)铁粉增强的铜基摩擦材料,研究铁粉粒度对材料力学性能和制动摩擦性能的影响。采用TM-1型惯性试验台测试材料的制动摩擦性能,试验初速度为50~380 km/h。结果表明:铁粉粒度从20μm增加到70μm时,材料硬度从55.67 HRB降低到31.83HRB,剪切强度从12.56 MPa下降到10.27 MPa。这种硬度和强度的下降使大粒度样品表现出反常的摩擦特性:随着制动速度的提高,铁粉粒度为70μm的F70样品的摩擦因数不降低反而升高,当制动速度从120 km/h上升到380 km/h时,摩擦因数从0.338持续升高到0.356,并且从350 km/h后摩擦因数稳定不变。这种高而稳定的摩擦因数是保证列车在高速下紧急制动、平稳停驶所必需的。     

粉末冶金法制备铝基碳化硼复合材料的研究进展

本文归纳了粉末冶金法制备铝基碳化硼复合材料的制备工艺, 主要包含混料、压制、烧结、变形等工艺环节; 对铝基碳化硼复合材料主要性能及影响因素做了阐述, 重点整理了材料均匀性、相对密度、力学性能的研究情况; 总结了工程用铝基碳化硼材料的生产及使用情况, 分析几种常见铝基碳化硼产品的特点; 提出采用粉末冶金法生产大尺寸、高品质、低成本的铝基碳化硼材料是未来研究方向之一的观点, 并阐述了工艺优化方案。在核电等相关产业的带动下, 中国有望成为全球铝基碳化硼复合材料生产和研究中心。     

基体铜的粒度对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响

采用粒度为270、150、106和75μm的气雾化纯铜粉作为基体,通过粉末冶金热压烧结的方式,制备铜基摩擦材料.研究基体铜的粒度对材料的物理力学性能、材料组织和摩擦性能的影响.采用MM-3 000摩擦磨损试验机测试3 000~7 000 r/min转速条件下材料的摩擦性能,结果表明:铜粉粒度从270μm减小到75μm时,材料的流动性变差,压坯密度降低,材料的硬度呈减小趋势,从18.5 HBW降到14.0 HBW.但是铜粉粒度为106μm时,硬度反而增加为2.0 HBW.随着转速的升高,摩擦系数呈先增加后减小的趋势,粒度为106μm的试样摩擦系数比较稳定,摩擦系数变化从0.336到0.348,磨损率也最低,在7 000 r/min初速度下仅为47 mg.     

锰在粉末冶金材料中的应用

概述锰(或其化合物)在烧结钢、铜熔渗剂、阻尼合金、铝合金、钛铝合金、钨基重合金、硬质合金等材料中的应用情况,指出这些材料中使用锰的目的以及锰对材料性能的影响.可以预期,在提高粉末冶金材料的性能与粉末冶金新材料的开发中,锰将发挥重要作用.     

粉末冶金铝合金烧结致密化过程

以纯Al粉为主要原料,添加Cu单质粉末以及Al-Mg、Al-Si中间合金粉,利用粉末冶金压制烧结方法制备出相对密度98%以上的Al-Mg-Si-Cu系铝合金.研究表明,烧结致密化过程主要分为3个阶段:初始阶段(室温~460℃),坯体内首先形成Al-Mg合金液相,液相中的Mg原子分别扩散至Al或Al-Si粉末中,与Al₂O₃反应并破除氧化膜,形成Al-Mg-O等化合物;同时,Al-Cu发生互扩散,形成Al₂Cu等金属间化合物.第二阶段(460~560℃),Al-Cu、Al-Si液相快速填充颗粒缝隙或孔洞,坯体相对密度显著提高;此阶段的致密化机制主要是毛细管力引起的颗粒重排,以及溶解析出导致的晶界平直化.第三阶段(560~600℃),随温度的升高,液相润湿性提高,晶粒快速长大,使得大尺寸孔洞填充,烧结体基本实现全致密,此阶段的致密化主要由填隙机制控制.在铝合金晶界处发现了MgAl₂O₄和MgAlCuO氧化物的存在,推测Al粉表面氧化膜的破除机制与合金成分有关.由于Al-Cu液相在Al表面的润湿速率远高于AlN的生长速率,因为在本体系中未发现AlN的存在.     

Mechanical behavior and microstructure characterization of sinter-forged SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites

A novel, low-cost sinter-forging approach to processing particle reinforced metal matrix composites for high-performance applications was examined. The microstructure of the sinter-forged composites exhibited relatively uniform distribution of SiC particles, which appeared to be somewhat aligned perpendicular to the forging direction. The degree of alignment and interparticle bond strength was not as high as that observed for the extruded composite. The sinter-forged composite exhibited higher Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength than the extruded material, but lower strain-to-failure. The higher modulus and strength were attributed to the absence of any significant processing-induced particle fracture, while the lower strain-to-failure was caused by poorer matrix interparticle bonding compared to the extruded material. Fatigue behavior of sinter-forged composites was similar to that of the extruded material. Fe-rich inclusions were extremely detrimental to fatigue life. Cleaner processing, which eliminated the inclusions, enhanced the fatigue life of the sinter-forged composites to levels similar to that of the extruded material.     

粉末冶金在高熵材料中的应用

高熵材料是近年来出现的一种新型材料,具有高强度、高硬度、良好耐腐蚀和优异的高温组织稳定性等性能,在航空航天、高温以及先进核能等领域展现了广阔的应用前景,引起国际材料领域的广泛关注,相关研究也取得了很大进展.粉末冶金作为一种高性能金属基和陶瓷复合材料的先进制备技术,可以获得纳米晶和过饱和固溶体等亚稳材料,同时也可用于传统熔炼法较难制备的具有特殊结构和性能的材料,近些年来,粉末冶金技术在高熵材料制备中得到广泛应用.本文从高熵材料的应用理论出发,针对目前高熵材料粉体制备方法、块体成型以及粉末冶金制备的典型高熵材料三个方面予以综述,着重阐述了高熵材料的力学性能和其变形行为特点,同时展望了高熵材料的未来发展趋势.     

粉末冶金在高熵材料中的应用

高熵材料是近年来出现的一种新型材料,具有高强度、高硬度、良好耐腐蚀和优异的高温组织稳定性等性能,在航空航天、高温以及先进核能等领域展现了广阔的应用前景,引起国际材料领域的广泛关注,相关研究也取得了很大进展。粉末冶金作为一种高性能金属基和陶瓷复合材料的先进制备技术,可以获得纳米晶和过饱和固溶体等亚稳材料,同时也可用于传统熔炼法较难制备的具有特殊结构和性能的材料,近些年来,粉末冶金技术在高熵材料制备中得到广泛应用。本文从高熵材料的应用理论出发,针对目前高熵材料粉体制备方法、块体成型以及粉末冶金制备的典型高熵材料三个方面予以综述,着重阐述了高熵材料的力学性能和其变形行为特点,同时展望了高熵材料的未来发展趋势。      

SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料的研究现状与进展

综述了SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料的主要制备方法,总结出最常用的几种,包括:粉末冶金法、搅拌铸造法、浸渗法。重点论述了粉末冶金法的研究现状;归纳了SiCp/Al界面结构类型和界面反应,提出了控制有害界面反应的有效措施;分析了SiCp/Al复合材料主要的热处理强化机制,结合众多研究内容,提出了Al基复合材料微观组织和性能的影响因素以及SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料研究进展中存在的问题。     

Strength and microstructure of powder metallurgy processed restacked Cu-Nb microcomposites

Powder metallurgy (PM) was used to fabricate Cu-Nb microcomposites both at the laboratory and intermediate industrial scales. Ultimate tensile strengths (UTSs) of 1.6 and 1.035 GPa were obtained for the laboratory-and intermediate-scale composites, respectively. Filament morphology and the microstructure of various microcomposites were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. In the early stages of the fabrication process, a plain strain condition causes the Nb fibers to attain a ribbonlike shape, but in the later stages, an axially symmetric flow prevails. Beyond the Nb filament thickness of 5 to 10 nm, the overall areal reduction was observed to occur without any significant reduction in the Nb filament thickness. Effects of heat treatment and the extent of spheroidization at different temperatures were studied. Contributions of various strengthening mechanisms on PM-processed Cu-Nb composites were analyzed. Work hardening, high strength of Nb filaments, and dispersion-type hardening were the dominant factors. Our strengthening model, which involves a superposition of the different contributions, agreed with our measurements.     

Deformability of powder materials in a metallic matrix during rolling composite ingots

Abstarct The deformability of several powder ferroalloys (of rare-earth metals, Zr, Ti), titanium sponge, and graphite in a metallic matrix during the rolling of laboratory and commercial ingots was experimentally investigated. It is shown that it is technically possible to hot roll and cold draw composite ingots with powder inserts of the given materialsUkrainian State Metallurgical Academy. Dnepropetrovsk. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya. Nos. 314(384), pp. 19–24, March–April, 1996. Original article submitted April 14. 1994.