镁质粘土解胶实验研究

笔者对镁质粘土进行解胶实验,并对无机、有机、聚合、以及复合减水剂对镁质粘土的解胶作用进行对比。结果表明:无机减水剂中五水偏硅酸钠可以对镁质粘土进行解胶,但效果不佳;聚合减水剂pc-67和表面活性剂TH904对镁质粘土的的解胶效果比无机减水剂要好,可以使镁质粘土的含水率降至40%以下;无机减水剂与其他减水剂的复配后,对镁质粘土的解胶效果明显,其中以0.75g五水偏硅酸钠和0.75g的GYLN的复配效果最好,流速可以达到19.97s,含水率约为35%。     

复合改性膨润土的制备及吸附苯胺的特性

选用不同碳链长度及不同类型的表面活性剂与聚合羟基铝对膨润土进行复合改性,表明长碳链表面活性剂制备的复合改性样品相对于短碳链表面活性剂制备的复合改性样品对苯胺有较好的吸附效果,阴离子表面活性剂制备的复合改性样品比阳离子表面活性剂制备的复合改性样品对苯胺有更好的吸附效果。采用正交试验得到的最优复合改性样品吸附苯胺,表明样品对苯胺的吸附符合准二级动力学模型(R2≈1),粒内扩散并不是控制吸附的惟一限速步骤,Freundlich等温线模型比Langmuir等温线模型更适合描述吸附过程,吸附过程为吸热物理过程(△Hθ=9.39 k J·mol-1)。     

表面活性剂在膨润土改性中的应用与发展前景

根据表面活性剂的种类,将表面活性剂改性膨润土分为单阳离子有机膨润土、双阳离子有机膨润土、阴离子有机膨润土、阴-阳离子有机膨润土和非离子有机膨润土等5类;并对近几年来所研究的表面活性剂对膨润土改性的各种实验方法以及对改性膨润土所采用的表征手段、各类改性后膨润土的特征与吸附规律及应用进行了评述;同时展望了其未来可能的发展方向。     

Gemini表面活性剂改性膨润土对有机红染料的吸附性能研究

采用阳离子型偶联表面活性剂16-4-16·2Br对天然膨润土进行改性,以16-4-16·2Br改性土为吸附剂,研究了其对有机红的吸附性能,并确定了最佳吸附时间、温度、吸附剂用量和溶液p H值。研究表明16-4-16·2Br型表面活性剂改性膨润土对有机红染料的吸附效果较未改性膨润土有显著提高。实验范围内,最佳吸附条件为:吸附时间10min,吸附剂用量0.15g,吸附温度不超过30℃,p H为中性。     

改性膨润土吸附废水溶液中甲醛的性能研究

以十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵作阳离子表面活性剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠作阴离子表面活性剂,按一定配比混合对膨润土进行改性,探究其对废水溶液中甲醛的吸附条件,并考察了阳、阴离子表面活性剂用量、改性膨润土投加量、pH和吸附平衡时间等对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,向25 mL pH=5.0的甲醛废水中投加1.5 g改性制得的阴阳离子膨润土,在(25±1)℃下恒温搅拌吸附150 min后,改性膨润土对甲醛的吸附率达28.9%。其吸附热力学模型为ln K=899.6/T-1.786 1,该吸附反应能在常温下自发进行,且温度升高对吸附不利。     

膨润土对含表面活性剂废水处理的研究

本文研究了用膨润土吸附法分别处理含八种不同非离子型表面活性剂的废水。实验结果表明，对于含有极性结构的非离子型表面活性剂的废水，膨润土有很主同的ＣＯＤｃｒ吸附容量。     

阳非离子有机膨润土对水中三唑酮的吸附

膨润土廉价易得且有很强的吸附性能,用各种表面活性剂与膨润土制取有机膨润土的技术已经比较成熟。该文对有机膨润土吸附水中三唑酮进行了研究。结果表明吸附等温曲线呈线性,主要为分配作用,吸附作用的大小由有机膨润土中有机碳的含量决定,并与表面活性剂的种类、组成及配比有关;阳非离子有机膨润土有机碳含量最高,其对水中三唑酮的吸附能力也最强,有望成为水体或废水中有机农药甚至其他有机污染物去除的新技术。     

减水剂加入对膨润土水化的影响及初步探究

膨润土是我国一种储量丰富的矿产资源,是一项重要的陶瓷浆料配方。其主要成分蒙脱石具有突出的吸湿膨胀性能,可以吸附几至几十倍于自身体积的水量,因此需要大量的水来解胶含有膨润土的浆料,从而大大增加了生产能耗,与国家节能减排的发展理念背道而驰。长期以来,膨润土浆料解胶的问题一直是陶瓷行业研究的难题。本文以广东膨润土为对象,添加五水偏硅酸钠、七水一型偏硅酸钠、七水三型偏硅酸钠、九水一型偏硅酸钠、九水三型偏硅酸钠、腐植酸钠、三聚磷酸钠等减水剂,并进行减水剂复配试验,讨论了对该粘土解胶的试验研究。试验发现,单一的减水剂对膨润土的解胶效果不好,减水剂复配能稍提高解胶效果。通过添加自制有机物F-7,与适量三聚磷酸钠复配的减水剂可以使原本不能流动的浆料瞬间流动,涂式杯流速达17s(水的流速为13s)。通过X射线荧光光谱、差热、热重分析,我们认为在加入该种有机物后,膨润土料浆发生瞬间水化、崩解的现象,形成了流动性很好的浆料。     

白炭黑表面改性对NR/BR硫化胶性能的影响

研究了10种偶联剂和3种表面活性剂改性白炭黑后对NR/BR硫化胶性能的影响.试验结果表明,不同表面改性剂改性白炭黑后对NR/BR硫化胶物理性能的影响程度大小顺序为硅烷类偶联剂＞钛酸酯类偶联剂＞表面活性剂.其中硅烷类偶联剂的改性效果优劣顺序为KH-550＞KH-846＞KH-590＞KH-560,带胺基和磷酸酯基团的偶联剂具有较好的抗老化作用;钛酸酯类偶联剂的改性效果优劣顺序为NDZ-311w＞NDZ-102＞NDZ-201＞NDZ-311＞NDZ-401＞NDZ-101;表面活性剂的改性效果优劣顺序为ATAC＞T-40＞ABS.     

混合表面活性剂水溶液自组装特性研究

在以表面活性剂为模板的仿生合成中,模板的自组装特性是关键环节。由于混合胶团的存在,两种表面活性剂的水溶液体系的效能高于单一表面活性剂溶液;利用试验优选合适的混合表面活性剂用于仿生合成,耗费时间长,成本高。本文从热力角度出发,分析了混合成胶自由能的影响,建立了离子 非离子混合表面活性剂的自组装模型,利用该模型模拟考察了混合表面活性剂的混合临界胶团浓度和胶团组成等参数,得到了其影响因素及作用规律,并进行了部分试验验证,二者吻合得较好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.