Al和C0对K4169合金950℃高温氧化行为的影响

利用热重分析法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了Al和Co含量对K4169高温合金950℃高温氧化行为的影响,结果表明:合金氧化动力学符合抛物线规律;添加Al和Co的合金氧化产物颗粒比原始成分合金的细小;Al含量的增加增强了合金的高温抗氧化能力,而Co含量的增加降低了合金的高温抗氧化性能.当Al含量为1.45 wt%、Co含量为0.3 wt%时,合金的高温抗氧化性能最好,而原始成分合金的高温抗氧化性能最差.不同Al、Co含量K4169合金氧化膜都分为3层:外层主要是疏松的Cr2O3和TiO2的混合层,还含有少量的NiO和NiCr2O4尖晶石相;中间层是Cr2O3保护层;内氧化物层是Al2O3.     

Al和Co对K4169合金950℃高温氧化行为的影响

利用热重分析法、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了Al和Co含量对K4169高温合金950℃高温氧化行为的影响,结果表明:合金氧化动力学符合抛物线规律;添加Al和Co的合金氧化产物颗粒比原始成分合金的细小;Al含量的增加增强了合金的高温抗氧化能力,而Co含量的增加降低了合金的高温抗氧化性能。当Al含量为1.45 wt%、Co含量为0.3 wt%时,合金的高温抗氧化性能最好,而原始成分合金的高温抗氧化性能最差。不同Al、Co含量K4169合金氧化膜都分为3层:外层主要是疏松的Cr2O3和TiO2的混合层,还含有少量的NiO和NiCr2O4尖晶石相;中间层是Cr2O3保护层;内氧化物层是Al2O3。     

新型铁素体耐热合金高温抗氧化性能的研究

采用D/MAX-2500型X射线衍射仪、OLYMPUS-BHM型金相显微镜、PHLIPS-XL30/TMP型扫描电子显微镜等试验设备,以Cr、Al和Si元素作为耐热钢的主要合金元素,与此同时添加适量的稀土元素,试制了一种具有较好高温抗氧化性能且更为经济的新型铁素体耐热合金35Cr18Al3Si2RE。研究结果表明,大量的铁素体稳定元素Cr、Al、Si的加入,使新合金形成单相铁素体组织;新合金35Cr18Al3Si2RE高温氧化膜主要由Cr2O3、Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2等氧化物组成,氧化膜排布十分致密且分布十分均匀;新合金35Cr18Al3Si2RE的氧化增重速率与目前常用的ZG35Cr24Ni7SiN相比有明显降低,表现出了较好的高温抗氧化性能。     

熔模铸造Co22合金的高温氧化性及氧化层生长

研究了熔模铸造钴基高温合金22Co-21Ni-29Cr-2.2Nb-Fe在1 050、1 150和1 250℃下的恒温氧化行为,并采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析了合金氧化层形貌及成分。结果表明,Co22合金在1 050~1 250℃下的氧化增重遵守二次抛物线规律,且随着温度的升高而增大;合金在氧化后形成了连续的氧化层,其中内层为Cr2O3氧化膜,外层由(Fe,Ni,Co,Cr)3O4尖晶石和少量的CrNbO4构成。合金氧化层的生长可分为3个阶段,第1阶段氧化层为Cr2O3氧化膜,第2阶段氧化层由内Cr2O3层与离散分布在外表面的Fe,Ni,Co和Nb的氧化物组成,且在氧化层的外表面出现了沿基体晶界分布的岛状氧化物区,第3阶段形成了外(Fe、Ni、Co、Cr)3O4尖晶石-内Cr2O3的双层氧化层结构并伴有少量的CrNbO4离散分布于外表面。     

溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层的1000℃抗氧化性能

利用磁控溅射技术在铸造Ni16Co26Cr10Al合金上溅射了相同成分的纳米晶涂层.1000℃氧化试验结果表明由于溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层晶粒尺寸细小,促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Al向氧化前沿的快速扩散和保护性Al2O3层的快速形成,使得溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层表现出比M38合金更优异的抗氧化性能.     

B_2型Fe_3Al金属间化合物的高温氧化行为

研究了Fe3Al、Fe3Al(Cr))两种合金在600℃、750℃、950℃的静态氧化行为及其750℃的周期氧化行为,分析了相应的氧化膜结构和形貌,探讨了氧化膜的成长机理。结果表明,由于高温下Fe3Al基金属间化合物表面形成一层致密的A12O3氧化膜而具有优良的抗氧化性能。在950℃高温时,具有比1Cr13不锈钢好得多的抗氧化性能。2at%Cr的加入有利于稳定的α-Al2O3的形成。750℃以下,Fe3Al(Cr)合金的氧化增重低于Fe3Al,前者的氧化膜为纯α-Al2O3,而后者的还含有少量的γ-Al2     

3种700℃级超超临界燃煤锅炉备选高温合金煤灰腐蚀行为

研究了3种700℃超超临界燃煤锅炉备选高温合金Inconel 740,CCA 617,GH 2984在760℃现役机组煤灰腐蚀介质中的高温腐蚀行为。结果表明:镍基合金Inconel 740和CCA 617均能形成保护性的Cr2O3氧化膜,局部点蚀为其主要失效形式。点蚀区域氧化膜为多层结构,由外到内依次为Ni(Co)O、Cr2O3(TiO、Al2O3)以及少量内层硫化物;较高Cr、Al含量提高了Inconel 740合金的耐蚀性能;挥发性产物与氧化膜微区溶解降低了CCA 617合金氧化膜的致密性。GH 2984合金因含有较多的Fe未能形成保护性的氧化膜,氧化膜分层生长,且出现了严重的剥落现象。     

Al_(0.5)CrCoFeNi高熵合金高温氧化的研究

采用真空电弧炉在氩气保护下熔炼Al0.5Cr Co Fe Ni高熵合金,在不同温度(800~1100℃)下进行100 h的高温氧化实验,测定其氧化动力曲线,采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜等方法分析氧化层结构和形貌。结果表明:Al0.5Cr Co Fe Ni高熵合金在800和900℃形成的氧化膜较完整且致密,具有较为优异的抗氧化性能。在1000和1100℃形成的氧化膜较厚,膜内有大量裂纹与孔洞,抗氧化性能较差。氧化初期,界面反应起主导作用,随着氧化膜的生长,扩散过程发挥越来越重要的作用,成为继续氧化的控制因素,以致一种或多种合金元素氧化物在表面析出,形成尖晶石类内层氧化物Ni Cr2O4、Co Cr2O4、Fe(Cr,Al)2O4内氧化层。在高温氧化过程中,N2会参与反应,与Al发生较强反应,生成Al N颗粒,进一步的氧化过程使Al N再次氧化,N2逃逸,留下具有Al N外形的空洞。     

溅射Ni32Co23Cr8Al2Si纳米晶涂层900℃氧化性能

利用磁控溅射技术在铸造Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si合金上溅射了相同成分的纳米晶涂层.900℃氧化试验结果表明溅射Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si纳米晶涂层由于晶粒尺寸细小,促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Al向氧化前沿的快速扩散和保护性A12O3层的快速形成,使得溅射Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si纳米晶涂层表现出更优异的抗氧化性能.     

改型低膨胀Thermo-Span高温合金650℃的氧化行为

改型低膨胀Thermo-Span高温合金具有较低的热膨胀系数,通过减少Cr增加Al和加入微量B,显著提高了合金的综合力学性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDAX)方法,研究改型低膨胀Thermo-Span合金在650℃的氧化机理,结果显示改型合金晶界析出含B化物,并促进晶界相析出,标准合金650℃氧化100h表面除有较多的Fe、Co氧化物还有大量的Fe氧化物生成,而改型合金表面氧化物主要为Fe、Co氧化物,改型合金次表层Cr和Al富集,使氧化速率降低,合金保持高的抗氧化性能。     

Statistics of oxidation resistance of Ni-(0-15)Co-(8-15)Cr-(0-5)Mo-(0-10)W-(3-8)Al-(0-5)Ti-(0-10)Ta-0.1C-0.01B superalloys at 1000℃ by compositional variations

The effects of alloying elements(Co,Cr,Mo,W,Al,Ti,and Ta) on the oxidation resistance of Ni-(0-15)Co-(8-15)Cr-(0-5)Mo-(0-10)W-(3-8)Al-(0-5)Ti-(0-10)Ta-0.1 C-0.01 B alloys were studied.The sample compositions were designed by the Box-Behnken method of design of experiments(DOE).The alloying elements show complicated effects on the mass gain due to oxidation,depending on the alloy composition.Al reduces the mass gain largely.The other elements except Al do not appear to exert a strong effect on the oxidation rate on average,but their influences are shown clearly in the alloys with a low Al content.Co,W,and Ta reduce the oxidation rate,while Cr,Mo,and Ti promote oxidation.Ta is the most effective element in reducing the oxidation rate of the alloy with a low Al concentration.It is confirmed that a continuous Al_2O_3 layer is essentially required for high oxidation resistance.The oxide scale of easily oxidized alloys has various oxides such as NiCr_2O_4,NiAl_2O_4,NiO,Cr_2O_3,CrTaO_4,and TiO_2.     

Effect of Constituent Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of Single-Phase CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys in NaCl SolutionEI北大核心CSCD

High entropy alloys (HEAs) origin from a new alloy design concept with multi-principal elements, which have attracted significant interests in the past decade. The high configurational entropy in HEAs results in simple solid solutions with fcc and bcc structures. Especially, the single solid solution CoCrFeNi alloy exhibits excellent properties in many aspects, such as mechanical properties, thermal stability, radiation resistance and corrosion resistance. The excellent corrosion resistance of CoCrFeNi alloy is ascribed to the single-phase structure and uniform element distribution coupled with much higher Cr content than stainless steel. The single-phase structure and uniform element distribution can prevent the occurrence of localized corrosion, and higher Cr content can protect the alloy surface better with the form of oxidation film. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of CoCrFeNi-based HEAs, such as CoCrFeNiAlx, CoCrFeNiCux, CoCrFeNiTix, have also been extensively investigated. In most CoCrFeNi-based HEAs, the elements of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni are with equal-atomic ratio. However, the equal-atomic ratio is not necessary to obtain satisfactory properties and to ensure the single fcc structure in Co-Cr-Fe-Ni system. Accordingly, it is essential to further consider the effect of alloying elements on the corrosion resistance in Co-Cr-Fe-Ni HEA. In this work, the effect of Co, Fe and Ni elements on the corrosion resistance of single fcc Co-Cr-Fe-Ni system with concentrated constitution but different atomic ratios in 3.5% NaCl solution are investigated by using LSCM and EIS. The potentiodynamic polarization results indicate that the increase of Fe and the decrease of Ni will decrease the passivation current density of the alloys when the Co and Cr contents are equal. With the increase of Co and the decrease of Ni, the alloys show smaller passivation current density and better corrosion resistance when the Fe and Cr contents are equal. With the decrease of Co and the increase of Fe and Ni, the alloys show higher corrosion potential and smaller corrosion tendency when the Cr content is constant. These results will be helpful for the design of corrosion resistant HEAs in NaCl aqueous solution.     

强流脉冲电子束作用下镍基高温合金GH3039表面铬合金化及其抗高温氧化性能研究

目的改善GH3039合金的抗高温氧化性能。方法在GH3039合金表面涂抹Cr粉末,然后借助于强流脉冲电子束装置(简称HCPEB)对该合金表面进行相应的处理,而后分别使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合金表面进行观察,对比处理前后的物相和微观结构变化,然后以850℃恒温环境为基础,对样品合金化前后的氧化动力学与氧化机制进行相应的测试与分析。结果该合金在HCPEB辐照处理后,其表层已经形成了相应的滑移带,表层晶粒显著细化,尤其是30次辐照样品中形成了尺寸约为100 nm的纳米晶结构。恒温氧化试验的测试结果显示,通过100 h的氧化处理,原始样品氧化增重数值最大,与此同时生成的氧化膜整体偏厚,达到6μm,有一定程度的裂纹与孔洞,基体发生了严重的内氧化。通过辐照处理30次后的合金化样品,氧化100 h后的增重数值最小,由此生成的氧化膜厚度仅仅约为3μm,同时氧化膜的主要构成为氧化铬,该氧化膜还呈现出连续生长属性,相应结构具有致密性且没有剥落,对基体有较为明显的保护功能。结论HCPEB辐照可以将Cr原子熔入GH3039合金表层,快速实现Cr表面合金化。合金表面Cr含量的提高以及在微结构促进元素扩散的共同作用下,该合金抗高温氧化性能得到显著优化。     

Corrosion Behavior of GH4169 Alloy in NaCl Solution Spray Environment at 600°CEI北大核心CSCD

The corrosion behavior of engine materials of airplanes working in marine environments is accelerated by the synergistic effects of NaCl particles and water vapor at high temperatures. This work examined the corrosion behavior of GH4169 alloy with a NaCl solution spraying at 600 degrees C using an oxidation kinetics test and micro characterization technology in the aspects of corrosion kinetics, corrosion layer phase composition, and microstructure. The weight gain of the GH4169 alloy corroded in the NaCl solution spraying environment was much lower than that in solid NaCl + wet O-2 after 20 h corrosion at 600 degrees C. The corrosion products of the GH4169 alloy in the NaCl solution spray environment were less complex than those in the solid NaCl + wet O-2 environment, but they were denser. In addition, Cl was concentrated in the inner layer of the corrosion products and accelerated the corrosion of GH4169 alloy via an "active oxidation" mechanism at the initial stage. When NaCl deposition was increased, the corrosion mechanism of GH4169 alloy changed gradually to Cl-induced "active oxidation." The sensitivity of GH4169 alloy in the NaCl solution spray environment at 600 degrees C was analyzed. Overall, the sensitivity of elements in GH4169 alloy to chlorine activated corrosion was Ti > Al > Nb, Cr > Fe > Mo, Ni, whereas the sensitivity of the oxides was TiO2 > MoO2 > Cr2O3(Nb2O5) > Fe2O3 > Al2O3 > NiO.     

Influence of phosphorus on oxidation behavior of low thermal expansion superalloy IN909 at 650℃

The effect of phosphorus on the oxidation resistance of low thermal expansion alloy IN909 was studied. The composition and structure of the oxidation layer were analyzed. It is found that the oxidation initiates at the grain boundaries. During the oxidation, Fe atoms diffuse toward the surface and form the outside oxidation layer as the oxide of iron. The transition oxidation layer lies between the oxidation layer and the matrix which is enriched with Nb, Ti and Si, forming FeTiO5, Nb2O5, Fe2SiO4 and TiO2. Phosphorus hardly influences the thermal expansion coefficient of IN909 alloy. However, it increases the formation of e phase at the boundary of the transition oxidation layer and matrix. As a result, the oxidation rate is decreased efficiently because the e phase inhibits the diffusion of the element such as iron from the matrix to the oxidation layer.     

800H合金的高温抗氧化性能

利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等,对800H合金高温氧化膜的增厚动力学、形貌及氧化物组成进行了分析。结果表明,700和800℃下形成的氧化膜相近,由(Cr,Fe)2O3和Mn-Cr氧化物组成;900℃时的氧化膜急剧增厚,里层依然是Cr2O3,中间层则是Cr-Fe-Mn氧化物,外层为富Ti的氧化物。通过热力学和动力学计算,提出了800H合金氧化膜形成的模型,发现TiN的存在改变了氧化膜的结构。     

活性元素Y和Ce对Fe—25Cr—40Ni合金高温氧化的影响

用离子背散射和慢正电子束研究了活性元素Y和Ce对Fe-25Cr—40Ni合金在高温初期氧化动力学、氧化膜表层成份和微观缺陷结构的影响,实验结果表明了微量活性元素(≥0.05%)在高温氧化初期显著减少了合金的氧化速率,有效地促进了Cr_2O_3的生长,抑制了Fe和Ni氧化物的形成,改善了氧化膜的微观结构,活性元素结合进入氧化膜并在外层膜中(约几十nm)富集,活性元素Ce抗氧化机理不同于Y,Ce使合金氧化膜的空位缺陷显著降低,主要控制了阳离子沿晶格空位向外扩散,而含Y合金由氧化初期主要控制阳离子沿晶格扩散转变为主要控制阳离子沿晶界向外扩散。     

L12型Co3Ti基金属间化合物有序化行为的热力学研究

采用亚晶格模型,辅助以第一性原理总能计算,研究了L12结构的Co3Ti基金属间化合物中元素的占位有序化行为。结果表明,Co3Ti化学计量比合金呈现完全有序化;对于xCo/xTi为3:1的Co72Ti24M4合金,第3合金组元M为Si或Ta时,M与Ti共同占据1a位置,M为Cu、Ni、Pd、Rh、V或W时,M与Co占据3c位置,而当M为Al、Cr、Ge、Mn、Sc或Y时,M在1a和3c位置的占位分数相同,这些元素的占位行为均不受温度影响;而当M为Fe、Hf、Mo、Nb、Ru和Zr的占位情况随温度发生变化。随原子核外层电子的增加,原子占位逐渐倾向于从1a亚晶格转向3c位置。亦预测了xCo/xTi偏离3:1的部分合金的占位分数随合金成分和温度的变化细节,预测结果与文献进行了比较,并澄清了文献上的分歧     

Ni-22Cr-20Co-18W合金在1100℃时氧化膜的演变

采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析仪研究了1100℃下Ni-22Cr-20Co-18W合金氧化膜的演变规律。结果显示,在氧化初始阶段,表面形成了Cr2O3,NiO和(Co,Ni,Mn,Cr)3O4混合氧化膜,后者为M3O4型氧化物。长时间氧化后,氧化膜由单层转变为双层,在内层形成连续的Cr2O3膜,在外层形成可以抑制内层Cr2O3挥发的致密NiO氧化膜;同时氧化空位在氧化膜与合金基体界面处形成,并且Al元素的内氧化也在该处发生。     

Oxidation of Fe–22Cr Coated with Co3O4: Microstructure Evolution and the Effect of Growth Stresses

The oxidation behavior of a commercially available Fe–22Cr alloy coated with a Co₃O₄ layer by metal organic—chemical vapor deposition was investigated in air with 1% H₂O at 1,173 K and compared to the oxidation behavior of the non-coated alloy. The oxide morphology was examined with X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cr₂O₃ developed in between the Co₃O₄ coating and the alloy, while alloying elements of the substrate were incorporated into the coating. Particular attention was devoted to possible sources of growth stresses and the effect of the growth stresses on microstructure evolution in the scales that developed on the non-coated and the coated Fe–22Cr alloy. Microstructural features suggested that scale spallation on coated Fe–22Cr occurred as a result of superimposing thermal stresses during cooling onto the growth stresses, that had developed during oxidation.